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1.
Juan-Francisco Perellon 《European Journal of Education》2003,38(4):357-370
The article discusses the establishment of a vocational sector in Swiss higher education as a complement to the existing two‐tier system of cantonal Universities and federal Institutes of technology. The origins of this new player, its missions and organisational features are discussed. This overall discussion is placed into the context of changing landscape of Swiss higher education policy characterised by increasing pressures for geographical reorganisation of the higher education sector under the auspices of a more direct role of the federal government. The article makes two points. First, it argues that the creation of a vocational sector in Swiss higher education combines two contradictory trends. On the one hand, this new sector tends to provide differentiation at the system level, through the creation of a new, more marked‐oriented sector of higher education. On the other hand, system differentiation at the system level is threatened by increased demands for greater inter‐institutional cooperation and system integration, emanating principally from the federal level. Second, the article also argues that the distinction between ‘academic/scientific’ vs. ‘vocational/professional’ education generally referred to when studying the emergence of non‐university sectors in higher education, is not pertinent for the analysis of the Swiss case. Two reasons are brought forward to sustain this argument. First, this distinction reinforces an artificial binary divide, no longer relevant to assess the evolution of higher education institutions placed in a context of academic and vocational drifts. Second, the ‘academic’ vs. ‘professional’ opposition does not take into consideration the political organisation of the country and how this impacts on policy making in higher education; a crucial element in the Swiss context. 相似文献
2.
徐书生 《江西教育学院学报》2011,32(6):164-168
大力发展高等职业教育,是实施科教兴赣,实现江西经济又好又快发展的重大战略举措。江西高等职业教育近年来实现了突破性发展,取得了明显成绩,但也面临不少的困难和问题。大力推进江西高等职业教育的改革与发展,主要对策有：科学定位,变革办学思想;服务社会,转变办学模式;与时俱进,创新办学机制;优化结构,凝炼高职特色,多元并举,增加经费投入;外引内培,提升＂双师素质＂;加大宣传,营造良好氛围。 相似文献
3.
Abigail Chantler 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2016,37(2):215-229
The corollary of the concept of the ‘ivory tower’, as reflected in the writings of Plato and Newman amongst others, was, paradoxically, the vital importance of the university for wider society. Nevertheless from the mid-twentieth century, the esteem in which a ‘liberal’ university education was held was diminished by rising expectations that higher education institutions would actively contribute to addressing broader socio-economic challenges through ‘knowledge-transfer’, education for employment, and community service. However while this linear conception of universities' ‘third mission’ eroded their ‘ivory tower’ status, the death knell of the ‘ivory tower’ rings in contemporary literature on higher education, which articulates a dialectical view of its historical development in which the university and wider society are synthesised in the ‘engaged university’. With its focus on reciprocal ‘knowledge-exchange’, the co-creation of knowledge through teaching and learning, and civic engagement, the ‘engaged university’ embraces the ‘other’ as intrinsic to its identity. Yet arguably the increasing instrumentalism and democratisation of higher education are irrevocably eroding the academic freedom and institutional autonomy upon which universities' immeasurable contribution to society ultimately depends. 相似文献
4.
John Walsh 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(3):365-381
The upgrading of higher technical education which began in the 1960s marked the most influential intervention by the Irish government in the third-level sector since the establishment of the independent Irish state. A series of reforming initiatives extended educational opportunity and transformed the status of technical education at higher level. International pressures undoubtedly proved influential in stimulating policy change. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) encouraged far-reaching reforms through its critical evaluation of educational facilities for technical training in Ireland. But educational reform was not imposed by international agencies on a reluctant corps of national politicians and officials. International influences dovetailed with changing attitudes toward technical education within the Irish political and official elite. Leading politicians and public officials showed an increasing awareness that the previous neglect of technical education was untenable in an era of economic development and educational expansion. It was a timely combination of international scrutiny and domestic political re-appraisal, which triggered a radical restructuring and expansion of higher technical education in Ireland. 相似文献
5.
The Malawi Primary Community Schools Programme was conceived within the context of a new democracy, a changing policy environment and some of the worst social indicators in the world. It was developed through a consultative process on the tide of the introduction of free primary education. While the programme was part of a long-term social sector development programme which aimed to bring social and economic benefits to the population at large, the Community Schools Programme developed its own strategies designed to have an impact on poverty for a limited number of people in the short term. These are analysed in terms of impact on the poor and influence on other pro-poor policies and strategies. The authors conclude that it is possible for a programme in one sector to benefit the poor and to influence other programmes to be more pro-poor, but that this would be more effective as part of a broader multi-sector strategy. They also conclude that the reported impact was achieved through integration between the processes of construction, education and community participation, rarely mirrored in typical ministry settings, and that there would be value, both to Malawi and others, in documenting and analysing the dynamics and institutional issues which made this possible. 相似文献
6.
美国高等教育质量的保证主要通过独具特色的认证制度实现。20世纪90年代以来，随着社会的发展和科技应用的日益推广，高等教育外部和内部环境的变化，美国高等教育认证制度积极、及时地调整了政策和实践，完善了质量保证机制。了解近年来美国高等教育认证制度的改革背景及改革新进展，有助于加深对我国高等教育质量保证机制的认识和改进。 相似文献
7.
This paper addresses the nature of governors in the governance of further education colleges in an English context. It explores the complex relationship between governors (people/agency), government (policy/structure) and governance (practice), in a college environment. While recent research has focused on the governance of schooling and higher education there has been little attention paid to the role of governors in the lifelong learning sector. The objective of the paper is to contribute to the debate about the purpose of college governance at a time when the Learning and Skills Council commissioning era ends and new government bodies responsible for further education and training, including local authorities, arrive. The paper analyses the nature of FE governance through the perspectives and experiences of governors, as colleges respond to calls from government for greater improvement and accountability in the sector. What constitutes creative governance is complex and controversial in the wider framework of regulation and public policy reform. As with other tricky concepts such as leadership, professionalism and learning, college governance is best defined in the contexts, cultures and situations in which it is located. College governance does not operate in a vacuum. It involves governors, chairs, principals, professionals, senior managers, clerks, community, business and wider agencies, including external audit and inspection regimes. Governance also acts as a prism through which national education and training reforms are mediated, at local level. While governing bodies are traditionally associated with the business of FE—steering, setting the tone and style, dealing with finance, funding, audit and procedural matters—they are increasingly being challenged to be more creative and responsive to the wider society. Drawing on a recent case study of six colleges, involving governors and key policy stakeholders, this paper explores FE governance in a fast changing policy environment. 相似文献
8.
The term MOOC, an acronym for massive open online course, has been nearly ubiquitous in recent discussions about online education and distance learning. Some articles have questioned the MOOC's tentative role as “the future of education,” while others have framed it as a disrupter of traditional higher education. Research in earlier years trended toward the ways in which MOOCs may be changing the landscape of higher education. However, in the past two years, greater consideration has been focused on how MOOCs may play a role in the corporate world. The year 2012 may have been deemed “The Year of the MOOC,” but many saw 2014 as “The Year of the Corporate MOOC.” Despite MOOCs reaching their prominence as disrupters of traditional higher education, MOOC providers are now aggressively pursuing opportunities in the corporate sector. This presents a great opportunity for corporations to drive this relatively new learning platform and to tailor it to meet their organizational needs. The potential uses for MOOCs in the corporate world are vast. MOOCs can expand corporate training options, offer new recruiting techniques, and provide innovative marketing and branding channels. This article identifies the features of MOOCs, briefly reviews the history of the MOOC movement from academic MOOCs to corporate MOOCs, and discusses the possibilities for extending the MOOC format to a corporate training and employee development environment. 相似文献
9.
《Higher Education Policy》1999,12(4):285-312
At the end of the 20th century, the connections between higher education and the world of work are again among the key issues of debate whenever challenges for innovation in higher education are at stake. Job prospects for recent graduates are not consistently viewed as negative. Information on graduate employment and work is scarce and there are no indisputable criteria for assessing graduate employment. Signals from the employment system are more blurred and ambivalent than ever before. This notwithstanding, many experts and key actors agree on the main directions in which higher education must head in response to the changing challenges from the world of work, e.g. devote greater attention to generic competencies, social skills and personality development, prepare students for the growing globalization and internationalization, and serve students through an increasing variety of means beyond classroom teaching and learning.Most experts agree that higher education must be well-informed of expectations from the outside world in order to adopt the necessary proactive role and thus respond to the need to prepare students for indeterminate future job tasks, new employment patterns and contributions to innovation in society. 相似文献
10.
11.
《British Journal of Educational Studies》2012,60(1):82-87
Abstract This paper argues that two areas vital to the teaching profession's own development and to the development of its standing in society have been neglected in inservice education and training. The first, an understanding and development of the ‘public’ dimension of teaching, suggests that teachers have duties and concerns which transcend those of professionals in the private sector because the public domain is a necessary focus for the promotion of collective life as opposed to individual interests. The second, an appreciation of the ‘ecological’ context of teaching, locates its practice within wider political and social issues and deepens the teaching profession's understanding of itself The evidence of neglect of these areas is derived from questionnaire data drawn by the authors from primary and secondary schools on their inservice priorities. 相似文献
12.
办好地方高校,促进地方经济和社会发展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文以德州学院为例，论述了地方高等院校与地方经济、基础教育是社会发展之间的互动关系。一方面发展地方高等院校，对促进当地经济、基础教育和社会发展具有巨大的推动作用，另一方面，当地经济、基础教育和社会发展，又为地方高校的改革和发展提出了更高的要求，地方高校必须进行专业的调整和观念的更新，才能更好地适应地方经济和社会发展的需要。 相似文献
13.
随着人们对职业教育认识的不断深入,人才培养目标进行了多次调整:从高层次实用技术人才到高技能人才再到高素质技术技能型人才。这种变化反映了我国经济社会不同发展阶段对教育的不同要求,需要根据高职人才培养目标定位中存在的实际问题重新建构。在现代信息社会中,具有巨大发展潜力的现代高素质技术人才,是高职人才培养目标的必然选择。 相似文献
14.
Jin Xiao 《Economics of Education Review》2002,21(6)
Using 1996 surveyed data of 1023 employees in Shenzhen, China, this study estimated the effects of three forms of human capital on employee salary, namely formal education, on-the-job training provided by employers, and adult education pursued by employees. Using a hierarchical linear model, the analysis estimated employee monthly salary growth over a maximum of six years due to (a) such temporal factors as work experience and improved performance, (b) individual-level characteristics, and (c) firm-level characteristics. This study found that (a) pre-work formal education was positively associated with salary only at hiring, (b) employees' experience in changing production technology as well as on-the-job training were positively associated with salary increases through improved technical proficiency, formal education was not; (c) manufacturing firms introduced more new production technology than the service sector and provided more on-the-job training, thus improving workers' performance and increasing their salary. 相似文献
15.
从另一种视角看远程教育质量提升的突破口问题——兼与蒋国珍、匡贵秋商榷抑或补充 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
武筑生 《中国远程教育(综合版)》2008,(5)
远程开放教育从技术到运行模式基本上是"西学东渐"之物,附加上中国的成分而为我所用的时候,或许忽略了诸多深层次影响因素。在今日十分强调远程开放教育质量工程建设的时刻,这些影响因素中会有对解决问题来说十分棘手的主要成分,我们应该关注和研判。即便一时求解有一定的困难,但也有助于我们预测远程开放教育近期目标应落实在什么位置上,这不失为特定环境下的有效着力点。 相似文献
16.
Pungpond Rukumnuaykit 《Journal of Education & Work》2016,29(8):922-955
Human capital investment is a necessary condition for improving labour market outcomes in most countries. Empirical studies to investigate human capital and its linkages on the labour demand side are, however, relatively scarce due to limitations of firm-level data-sets. Using firm-level data from the Thai manufacturing sector, this paper aims to investigate the effects of skill and human capital on labour productivity. Costs and benefits of human capital improvement are compared indicating that hiring workers who have higher education as well as providing them with in-service training has a statistically and significantly positive impact on an increase in labour productivity. However, hiring workers who have higher education yields less benefit than costs which come from higher average wage expenditures. However, providing training should contribute more benefit than cost. Besides education and training measures, we also measure workers’ skill levels into cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills and find that skill in information technology is found to be the most important cognitive skill for increasing labour productivity among Thai manufacturers. Non-cognitive skills such as those in leadership, time-management and communication are also important and seem to have positive relationship to labour productivity among Thai manufacturers. 相似文献
17.
Xenia Danos Renata Górska Eddie Norman 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(6):666-684
Curriculum planning for the development of graphicacy capability has not been systematically included in general education to coincide with the graphicacy needs of human society. In higher education, graphicacy curricula have been developed to meet the needs of certain disciplines, for example medical and teacher training and engineering, among others. A framework for graphicacy curricula, anticipating the graphicacy needs in higher education, has yet to be strategically planned for general education. This is partly a result of lack of research effort in this area, but also a result of lack of systematic curriculum planning in general. This paper discusses these issues in the context of graphicacy curricula for engineering. The paper presents three broad individual case studies spanning Europe and the USA, brought together by the common denominator, graphicacy. The case studies are based on: an analysis of graphicacy within general education curricula, an analysis of graphicacy for engineering education in Europe and an analysis of graphicacy for engineering education in the USA. These three papers were originally presented in a plenary session at the American Society for Engineering Education, Engineering Design Graphics Division at the University of Limerick in November 2012. The case studies demonstrate the potential for strategic curriculum planning in regard to the development of graphicacy in general education and an overview of a methodology to achieve that. It also offers further evidence towards the importance of the systematic classification of graphics capabilities in Engineering and how the lack of a developed theoretical framework in this area undermines the case for the importance of graphics within engineering education. 相似文献
18.
从大学和知识的关系、大学和个体发展的角度看,公益性反映出高等教育的本质属性.讨论我国高等教育的公益性问题,不能脱离我国社会转型的大背景.高等教育公益性的弱化是我国社会转型引发的特殊问题.重塑公益性的高等教育,需要政府、大学和社会的共同努力,但是政府需要发挥主导性的作用. 相似文献
19.
人才培养与社会服务是高等成人教育的两大重要任务。在国家加强教育投入、鼓励发展成人教育的背景下,高等成人教育事业迅猛发展,培养了很多社会需要的各层次各方面的人才。但由于多重因素的影响,使得高校成人教育教学与管理不尽如人意。文章着重从当前成人教育教学管理的现状及特点人手,分析当前成人教育工作中存在的问题,然后针对所面临的问题寻找出解决的途径,进而提出自己的一些建议和方法,供大家参考。 相似文献
20.
Vocational education and training (VET) can contribute to the attainment of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. A key to economic and social progress is the training of better-qualified individuals and skilled enterprise staff who will be more productive, improving goods, increasing incomes and adapting to changing markets. Experts from international cooperation agencies see VET projects as suitable instruments for poverty alleviation in target groups working in the informal sector and rural economy. The recent shortages and high prices of rural products in many developing countries support this position. For the past two years a skills development for poverty reduction (SDPR) project has been running in rural areas of Central Asia to address rural poverty. The approach and findings of the project are discussed against the background of the international debate on VET in the context of poverty alleviation. It is hoped that the conclusions will contribute to optimising the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of similar VET projects. 相似文献