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1.
The Internet segment of the information and communications technology industry has been forecast to reach nearly 1.5 billion users by 2007. Generally referred to as broadband, a number of alternative technologies are now deployed broadly across the United States. This article utilizes a unique data set of 9000 survey responses generated by the Pew Internet and American Life Project in 2004 to examine the impact of several spatial factors, including population size and economic structure, on the likelihood of broadband utilization, after controlling for a set of demographic characteristics. The utilization of broadband is found to be greater with larger cities and in cities with large telecommunications-intensive economic sectors. However, demographic characteristics are also found to be quite significant and relatively stronger than geographic factors in determining broadband utilization. 相似文献
2.
Robert Lee Chartrand 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):61-70
Using longitudinal time-series data, this article analyzes the causes of the recent sharp increase in household expenditure on telecommunications in South Korea with an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model. The analysis shows that the Korean household demand for telecommunications has become highly price elastic following structural changes associated with the rapid diffusion of mobile phones and the Internet during 1998–2008. Following these structural changes, telecommunications services have become complements for transportation, books and printed matter, and culture and recreation services, but substitutes for culture and recreation durable goods. Consequently, one important reason for the increase in the expenditure on telecommunications in Korea is the migration of many services from offline to online by means of telecommunications. 相似文献
3.
MILTON L. MUELLER 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):273-292
Ethnographic methods and geographic information systems were used to investigate the extent, causes and consequences of telephone disconnection in Camden, NJ. The results have significant implications for public policies intended to promote universal telephone penetration. Universal service is usually perceived as an issue for rural areas and the elderly, but the most extensive pockets of low telephone penetration are found in inner cities, where the problem is associated with the young, the transient, and ethnic minorities. The basic monthly rate paid by subscribers is usually thought to be the most important factor affecting affordability, but the data suggest that most marginal users are driven off the network by usage-related costs, and more generally by the problem of credit-worthiness. Given prevailing consumption patterns in low-income urban areas, ''electronic redlining'' seems less of a threat than that poor Americans will, upon exposure to the advanced features of the national information infrastructure (NII), buy services that they cannot afford. Intellectuals and policy analysts value telephone service more than cable television service, but residents of inner cities frequently do not agree with this evaluation. In reformulating universal service policy, we must take account of the growing heterogeneity of telecommunications services, and keep in mind the importance of credit risk as a factor affecting the public's ability to access and use telecommunication networks. 相似文献
4.
Milton L. Mueller 《The Information Society》1996,12(3):273-292
Ethnographic methods and geographic information systems were used to investigate the extent, causes and consequences of telephone disconnection in Camden, NJ. The results have significant implications for public policies intended to promote universal telephone penetration. Universal service is usually perceived as an issue for rural areas and the elderly, but the most extensive pockets of low telephone penetration are found in inner cities, where the problem is associated with the young, the transient, and ethnic minorities. The basic monthly rate paid by subscribers is usually thought to be the most important factor affecting affordability, but the data suggest that most marginal users are driven off the network by usage-related costs, and more generally by the problem of credit-worthiness. Given prevailing consumption patterns in low-income urban areas, 'electronic redlining' seems less of a threat than that poor Americans will, upon exposure to the advanced features of the national information infrastructure (NII), buy services that they cannot afford. Intellectuals and policy analysts value telephone service more than cable television service, but residents of inner cities frequently do not agree with this evaluation. In reformulating universal service policy, we must take account of the growing heterogeneity of telecommunications services, and keep in mind the importance of credit risk as a factor affecting the public's ability to access and use telecommunication networks. 相似文献
5.
Telecommunications services are for long subject to privacy regulations. At stake are traditionally: privacy of the communication and the protection of traffic data. Privacy of the communication is legally founded. Traffic data subsume under the notion of data protection and are central in the discussion. The telecommunications environment is profoundly changing. The traditionally closed markets with closed networks change into an open market with open networks. Within these open networks more privacy sensitive data are generated and have to be exchanged between growing numbers of parties. Also telecommunications and computer networks are rapidly being integrated and thus the distinction between telephony and computing disappears. Traditional telecommunications privacy regulations are revised to cover internet applications. In this paper telecommunications issues are recalled to aid the on-going debate. Cellular mobile phones have recently be introduced. Cellular networks process a particular category of traffic data namely location data, thereby introducing the issue of territorial privacy into the telecommunications domain. Location data are bound to be used for pervasive future services. Designs for future services are discussed and evaluated for their impact on privacy protection.Parts of this paper have been presented at Ubicomp 2002 in Goteborg and E-CAP 2003 in Glasgow. 相似文献
6.
目前,创新已成为驱动中国社会经济发展的重要因素,但较为详细的研究中国社会创新能力现状及其影响因素的文献并不多见。本文采用2008-2017年中国31个省市的空间面板数据,运用空间自相关模型（SAC）,并构建邻接权重矩阵和地理距离矩阵,考察互联网发展对区域创新能力影响的异质性与关联性。研究表明：区域创新能力会形成空间依赖性;互联网发展会显著促进区域创新产出水平的提高,并且这种促进作用具有空间异质性,相较于东部地区,中部和西部地区无法完全发挥网络效应,互联网发展的促进作用较弱。进一步研究发现,互联网发展会通过外商直接投资间接提升区域创新能力,但互联网的这一间接影响要小于其对区域创新能力的直接影响。 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(5):748-758
The expansion of big data and the evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have played an important role in the feasibility of smart city initiatives. Big data offer the potential for cities to obtain valuable insights from a large amount of data collected through various sources, and the IoT allows the integration of sensors, radio-frequency identification, and Bluetooth in the real-world environment using highly networked services. The combination of the IoT and big data is an unexplored research area that has brought new and interesting challenges for achieving the goal of future smart cities. These new challenges focus primarily on problems related to business and technology that enable cities to actualize the vision, principles, and requirements of the applications of smart cities by realizing the main smart environment characteristics. In this paper, we describe the state-of-the-art communication technologies and smart-based applications used within the context of smart cities. The visions of big data analytics to support smart cities are discussed by focusing on how big data can fundamentally change urban populations at different levels. Moreover, a future business model of big data for smart cities is proposed, and the business and technological research challenges are identified. This study can serve as a benchmark for researchers and industries for the future progress and development of smart cities in the context of big data. 相似文献
8.
Sharon Eisner Gillett 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):147-149
The current universal service policies for the Internet focus almost entirely on physical connectivity. This emphasis is misplaced because the Internet is an overlay network that rides piggyback on the existing telecommunications infrastructure. The focus instead should be on Internet services and the end-user equipment and training needed to access them. 相似文献
9.
Abstract Rural America has historically been plagued with a disproportionate shortage of health, education, and other public services. However, the application of rapidly changing telecommunications technologies can alleviate many of the problems associated with these isolated and “technologically undernourished” areas. Technologies such as low‐power television, direct broadcast satellites, and satellite‐fed cable services offer the opportunity for building a rural telecommunications network and thus improving services and the quality of life. However, in order for this goal to be realized, the economic constraints presented by insufficient consumer demand and unprofitable markets must be overcome. Direct government subsidization or increased support of projects may be necessary to encourage the private sector to increase investment in telecommunications facilities in rural communities. 相似文献
10.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):169-187
Abstract The development and deployment of technologies for delivering broadband services to homes in Australia are investigated using the ‘social shaping of technology’ (SST) approach. The focus is on the period from 1993 to 1998 when there were five main technological options for delivering residential broadband services: ‘hybrid’ fibre coaxial (HFC) cable; direct broadcast satellite (DBS); multipoint microwave distribution systems (MDS); ‘Integrated Services Digital Network’ (ISDN); and ‘Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line’ (ADSL). The main broadband services planned for delivery to homes over this period were pay television and fast Internet access. A sequence of snapshots of sociotechnical relationships at critical times during the study period, termed ‘sociotechnological configurations’, is used to track the evolutionary pathway of the broadband technologies. The mapping technique assists in identifying key features and explaining the driving factors of the pathway, including why HFC cable emerged as the predominant technology, and two competing HFC cable networks were rolled out in capital cities at an additional cost of over $2 billion when a single network would have had ample capacity. 相似文献
11.
高技术产业集聚是开辟区域发展新赛道、加速城市群一体化发展的关键，因此，厘清高技术产业集聚的空间溢出规律、明晰如何有效释放其创新外溢效能，对实现各地区联动发展和推动城市群一体化进程至关重要。基于2010—2019年我国长三角城市群面板数据，构建空间计量模型，实证考察空间溢出视角下高技术产业集聚对城市创新的影响规律及特征，结合产业结构优化升级探索高技术产业集聚的创新空间溢出效应的形成机制，从都市圈与城市发展阶段这两个空间与时间维度探讨空间溢出效应的时空异质性。研究发现：各城市高技术产业集聚的直接创新空间溢出效应呈现倒U形特征；长三角城市群各城市高技术产业集聚通过对邻近城市产业结构优化产生倒U形非线性空间溢出效应，进而影响邻近城市创新产出；空间异质性上，上海大都市圈中各城市之间呈现明显的倒U形创新空间溢出，杭州都市圈、南京都市圈、合肥都市圈中各城市之间的这种倒U形创新空间溢出效应依次减弱；时间异质性上，长三角城市群各城市从工业化发展阶段到城市化发展阶段，高技术产业集聚的正向创新空间溢出效应凸显。研究结论为充分发挥高技术产业集聚的创新空间溢出效应，进而突破城市发展瓶颈，形成优势突出、结构合理的... 相似文献
12.
城市聚集了不同才能、教育、文化和语言背景的人群,为创新的产生及溢出创造良好环境。本文依据2009～2012年全国272个地级以上城市的面板数据,利用Moran’s I系数发现城市创新产出具有明显的空间自相关性,进而基于负指数衰减空间权重矩阵选择个体固定空间杜宾模型开展城市创新空间溢出效应的测算,并利用求偏微分法分解出空间杜宾模型下各自变量对因变量的直接效应、间接效应和总效应,考察全国及东中西部地区城市创新空间溢出随地理距离的变动模式。结果表明：(1)我国城市创新活动具有显著的空间正溢出效应,且在不同空间权重矩阵下和不同地区表现出较强的稳健性,但地区之间的溢出效应差异较大。(2)科技经费支出、科技人员数量、城市经济发展水平和外商直接投资均对城市创新产出产生促进作用,其中科技经费支出与人均GDP的空间溢出总效应、直接效应和间接效应都很明显。(3)全国城市创新空间溢出效应从150公里到1000公里范围内显著为正,650公里处效应最强;东部、中部及西部地区的城市创新空间溢出效应分别在150公里、550公里及750公里处达到最大值。 相似文献
13.
随着城市间网络联系的快速发展,城市绿色经济效率将越来越多地受到城市网络资源支配能力和合作伙伴经济绩效的影响。本文基于数据包络分析（DEA）的窗口模型测度城市绿色经济效率,并利用2019年中国上市公司500强企业网络数据构建城市网络,在此基础上研究了网络权力、知识溢出对中国城市绿色经济效率的影响。结果表明：①网络权力和建立在网络基础上的知识溢出已经成为影响中国城市绿色发展的重要因素,更高的网络资源支配能力、更高的合作伙伴经济绩效意味着更高的绿色经济效率。②网络权力和知识溢出对中国城市绿色经济效率提升具有递增的边际影响,表明多样化的中间产品和非竞争性的知识资源所带来的收益明显高于网络链接的交易成本,意味着中国城市网络嵌入对生产率的影响还处于倒U型曲线关系中收益递增的发展阶段。③网络权力和知识溢出能够显著改善核心地位城市、东部地区城市和较大规模城市的绿色经济效率,但是对边缘地位城市、中西部地区城市和较小规模城市绿色经济效率的影响不显著,这意味着中国城市绿色经济效率的发展差距在多个维度上趋于扩大。未来中国政府应加快城市网络建设,并促进资源和知识的有序流动,为城市绿色经济效率的提升提供支撑,同时高度关注网络外部影响的异质性特征,促进不同类型城市绿色经济的协调发展。 相似文献
14.
江苏省区域竞争力实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为深入研究江苏省各地区当前经济发展状况和各城市的实际竞争力水平,引进了区域竞争力评价指标体系,并采用多元统计分析中因子分析方法对江苏省十三个城市的各项经济数据进行综合分析,得出各城市的综合竞争力得分排名。通过对江苏省区域竞争力的实证研究我们发现:目前江苏省的十三个城市中,发达城市之间区域竞争力的差距相对较小,并且竞争非常激烈,但是由于江苏省十三个城市的经济发展极不平衡,各地区的竞争力水平差异很大,南北地区经济差距非常明显,尤其是苏南和苏北两极化现象比较严重。因此,当前要提升江苏省整体区域竞争力的关键在于缩小南北两地差距,要坚持江苏省政府提出的提升苏南发展水平,促进苏中快速崛起,发挥苏北后发优势区域分类指导方针,并进一步加大对苏北地区的基础建设投入,以实现全省区域协调发展。 相似文献
15.
科技服务业对科技创新有关键的支撑推动作用,是现代服务业的重要组成部分,是推动产业结构升级优化的关键产业。面对未来创新经济发展的要求,我国科技服务业在体制机制方面存在诸多不适应性。在分析我国科技服务业发展水平的基础上,利用1995—2012 年中国各省级行政区域科技服务业有关数据,通过空间基尼系数等,解析了中国科技服务业空间集聚发展态势,运用层次聚类分析法考察了我国科技服务业存在的区域非均衡性,阐述了中国科技服务业非均衡发展的深层原因,在借鉴国外发达国家经验基础上,认为对作为现代服务业发展新业态的科技服务业,分别从横向支撑体系、纵向支撑体系、结构支撑体系以及不同区域发展路径提出推进中国科技服务业发展的对策。 相似文献
16.
新型工业化视角下“双三角”都市圈的工业能源效率差异——基于超效率DEA方法的实证研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选取长三角和珠三角都市圈24个城市2003年-2010年的面板数据,运用基于规模报酬不变、投入为导向的超效率DEA模型,在考虑“新型工业化”背景下,将环境污染作为非合意产出、知识存量作为技术投入要素纳入到全要素能源效率的测算中,对“双三角”各城市工业能源效率的动态演进和区域间差异进行比较分析.研究发现:“双三角”都市圈的工业能源效率均不高,而长三角地区的能源效率略高于珠三角地区,只有上海、无锡、舟山、江门等少数城市的能源效率处在生产前沿面上;各城市具有不同程度上的要素节约空间,而东莞市的节约空间最大;同等规模等级的城市的能源效率存在明显的差异.总体上,“双三角”地区节能减排的潜力仍存在很大的提升空间. 相似文献
17.
资源枯竭城市转型成效测度研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
资源枯竭城市转型是当前中国国家转型的一个重要组成部分。在经历了改革开放、东北老工业基地振兴以及近5年国家针对资源枯竭城市大规模援助的发展形势下,资源枯竭城市转型发展的成效如何？本文试图从资源枯竭城市转型的静态和动态两个视角,构建资源枯竭城市转型成效测度体系,测算2006-2010年各资源枯竭城市的转型成效,并分析各城市转型成效差异的原因。研究发现:通过从产业、民生、生态环境3个维度综合评估城市转型过程和转型后达到的状态等指标,可以将城市转型发展的成绩与其由于周边区域发展所取得的共同成绩分离出来,较为有效的测度资源枯竭城市的转型成效;中部城市转型成效相对较好,而东北地区城市转型相对较差;石油类城市转型成效较好,而森工类城市转型成效较差;各城市转型成效的差异与其外部经济环境、内部历史矛盾的积累深度以及发展基础有较大关系。 相似文献
18.
Daniel C. H. Mah 《The Information Society》2005,21(5):353-366
This article provides a framework by which rival firms' incentives for interconnection in unregulated telecommunications markets may be analyzed and argues that the widespread voluntary interconnection observed among Internet service providers (ISPs) is anomalous when compared with examples of other similar markets from U.S. industrial history. However, the fact that it is anomalous provides an opportunity to test common explanations and to explore new explanations for the remarkable connectivity observed among ISPs through a comparative analysis. The comparative analysis reveals that (1) network effects and competitive forces in telecommunications markets will not necessarily drive firms to interconnect their networks voluntarily as there are other options to them, and (2) government actions played an important role in shaping the interconnection behavior competing firms in telecommunications markets. The article then explores some of the implications of these findings for telecommunications policy, and interconnection regulation in particular. 相似文献
19.
Steven Casper 《Research Policy》2007,36(4):438-455
Regional technology clusters are an important source of economic development, yet in biotechnology few successful clusters exist. Previous research links successful clusters to heightened innovation capacity achieved through the existence of social ties linking individuals across companies. Less understood are the mechanisms by which such networks emerge. The article uses social network analysis to examine the emergence of social networks linking senior managers employed in biotechnology firms in San Diego, California. Labor mobility within the region has forged a large network linking managers and firms, while ties linking managers of an early company, Hybritech, formed a network backbone anchoring growth in the region. 相似文献
20.
以2000-2009年的中国286个地级及以上城市为样本,从马歇尔、雅各布斯外部性及新经济地理的综合视角,采用基于面板VAR模型的动态计量经济方法探讨了生产性服务业集聚对城市经济增长的影响.结果表明生产性服务业规模、专业化集聚和多样化集聚与城市经济增长之间具有长期的均衡关系,且存在生产性服务业集聚对经济增长的单向因果关系;生产性服务业多样性而非专业化集聚促进了城市经济增长.由于城市生产性服务业整体规模偏小,其对经济增长的规模效应尚不显著.鼓励生产性服务业多样性发展,避免同一部门的过度集聚,扩大重点生产性服务部门的运营规模可能是较为理想的政策安排. 相似文献