共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
《体育科技文献通报》2004,(9)
G808.1运动员停训后心肺功能、能量代谢和骨骼肌代谢的变化=Changes of cardio-respiratory function,metabo-lism and muscular adaptations in detrained athlet-es[刊,中,A]／王蕴红,蔡明明,梁蕾,关英华,吴凝(首都体育学院)∥西安体育学院学报.-2004,21(1).-62-64参6(SJ)运动员∥停训∥心肺功能∥能量代谢∥骨骼肌∥成绩∥变化 相似文献
2.
《湖北体育科技》2020,(2)
运动员因运动训练的强度、负荷量、频次等对骨代谢产生或正面或负面的影响,涉及到神经、骨骼肌、内分泌、泌尿等系统的相互影响、相互作用,体现为骨吸收或骨形成。在运动员群体中监测骨代谢指标可以辅助进行身体机能状态的评定,对于过度训练、伤病停训的预防有一定积极意义,对运动寿命的延长、巅峰竞技状态的保持有积极作用,同时还可以为运动康复提供理论依据。综合相关文献发现针对夏季项目运动员骨代谢特点的研究比较多,而对于长期低温、高原、高寒等环境影响的冬季项目运动员骨密度特点的研究鲜见,提示我们应该从发生机制入手,进行"多位一体"的系统、跟踪研究,形成具有针对性的骨量丢失干预体系。 相似文献
3.
运动员心脏的功能水平直接影响着某些运动成绩的提高,如何合理有效地评定运动员的心脏功能,一直是运动医学研究的重要课题之一。迄今,对于心血管机能的评定方法很多,目前国内外采用的实验室试验,有哈佛氏台阶试验,PWC_(170)试验,平板运动,一次机能试验,联合机能试验,等等。然而场地的机能试验更能真实地反映运动员在训练和比赛时的机体变化情况。我国司勇等对100米跑运动员 相似文献
4.
《西安体育学院学报》2017,(3):369-376
高原训练是利用高原环境的低氧和运动缺氧的双重刺激,提高耐力性运动员的运动能力和生理机能,是耐力性项目提高运动成绩的重要训练方式。采用文献资料法、测试法和数理统计法等研究方法,对我国竞走国家队运动员备战2016年锦标赛前亚高原训练期间的训练负荷安排进行探索,结合晨脉、血红蛋白、血乳酸、尿蛋白、血尿素等生理生化指标变化的监控,来分析身体机能指标及其特征,明确其代谢属性,发现影响其运动成绩的敏感生理指标,摸索亚高原训练后运动员的最佳比赛时间,旨在探索优秀竞走运动员高原训练和下高原后的赛前训练的普遍规律,进一步为优秀竞走运动员亚高原训练机能监控和训练计划的制定提供理论依据。研究表明,从各项指标的变化可以看出整个备战期运动员身体机能处于较好状态,说明此次备战取得显著成效。 相似文献
5.
前言运动训练的多数项目对运动员的心脏工作能力要求很高。运动员的心脏功能直接影响着运动成绩的提高。一个合理而有效的机能评定方法,在运动训练中占有重要的实际意义。运动员的机能评定方法,也是运动医学研究的重要课题。 相似文献
6.
血乳酸测定在摔跤训练中的初步应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前,国内外已广泛运用血乳酸这一生理指标评定运动员机能状况,训练强度及预测运动成绩,但运用血乳酸来评定摔跤训练的强度报道甚少。为帮助运动员合理安排运动量及选择恰当的训练手段有效地发展运动员有氧代谢及无氧代谢能力,我们于2000年12月至2001年11月测定了西藏自治区男子摔跤队运动员九运会比赛及训练课中乳酸值的变化。 相似文献
7.
通过Omega wave系统(运动员实时机能评定)的心率变异性、心电图变异及Ω电位等指标在拳击小周期训练监控中的应用,探讨拳击运动的项目特征、人群特征和对板块训练构建的指导意义。结果表明拳击运动员迷走神经功能偏低,承受极限量负荷能力弱,板块训练模式是理想选择;拳击能量代谢具有以氧代谢为支撑,无氧代谢为主,磷酸源代谢为制胜关键的混氧运动代谢特征,拳击板块训练应突出强度要素;拳击运动员疲劳较多体现在中枢功能变化,且对心肺机能影响明显,不易开展持续的大运动量训练。综合评价各指标变化特点,拳击训练应采用板块训练模式为宜。 相似文献
8.
所谓过度训练(overtraining),是指运动员接受过量训练,经过适当的恢复期仍不能维持其正常的运动水平。运动成绩下降是诊断过度训练的必需条件。那些训练态度积极、没有经验、自我训练、停训一段时间后又积极参加训练的运动员、更易出现过度训练。 1 过度训练的表现过度训练的表现很多,依照运动员身体机能的差别、运动项目的不同以及其它因素而表现不同(表1)。 2 过度训练的诊断过度训练的原因因人而异。目前还不能靠一项诊断试验就可诊断过度训练。需要综合的指标,观察它们在恢复期后能否恢复到基础不平。这些系统和指标包括: 相似文献
9.
运动医学的重要研究任务之一就是研究如何简便、有效地评定运动员的机能情况。而机能情况与训练水平紧密联系,它反映在体力负荷的适应能力上,同时也表现在运动成绩上。因此在评定运动员的机能情况和训练水平时离不开对运动成绩的了解。为了评定运动员的心脏机能,重点对部分中长跑运动员的跑台机能试验与运动成绩进行了对比观察。方法: 采用12公里/小时的跑速和按不同体 相似文献
10.
力量训练是运动员体能训练的核心组成部分,它对于提升运动表现和预防运动伤害具有重要作用。文章旨在深入分析力量训练如何影响运动员的肌肉力量、耐力、心血管功能以及神经系统适应,并探讨这些变化背后的生理和生化机制。研究发现,力量训练通过对肌肉肥大、神经肌肉效率、心血管系统的改善和代谢途径的优化,显著提升了运动员的整体身体机能。此外,结合研究证实,不同项目的运动员都能从系统的力量训练中获益,这凸显了力量训练在运动训练中的重要性和应用价值。 相似文献
11.
Liu TC Liu YY Lee SD Huang CY Chien KY Cheng IS Lin CY Kuo CH 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):919-925
Athletes frequently adjust their training volume in line with their athletic competition schedule, onset of sport injury, and retirement. Whether maintenance of partial training activity during the detraining period can preserve optimal body composition and insulin sensitivity is currently unknown. Sixteen elite kayak athletes (mean VO2max: 58.5 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), s = 1.77) were randomly assigned to a totally detrained group (age: 20.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.74, s = 0.54) or partially detrained group (age: 21.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.20, s = 1.02), whereby totally detrained participants terminated their training routine completely and the partially detrained participants preserved approximately 50% of their previous training duration with equivalent intensity for one month. Body mass, waist circumference, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, leptin, cortisol, and testosterone were measured during the trained state and after detraining. Waist circumferences for both the partially detrained and totally detrained groups were significantly elevated after detraining, with no group difference. However, body mass was reduced in both groups. Significant elevations in the area under the curve for insulin and fasted leptin with detraining were observed. These changes were greater in the totally detrained participants. In conclusion, the present results show that maintaining partial training activity cannot prevent an increase in waist circumference. During the detraining period, the magnitude of increase in plasma insulin and leptin concentrations was regulated in an activity-dependent manner. 相似文献
12.
Complex training, a combination of resistance training and plyometrics is growing in popularity, despite limited support for its efficacy. In pre- and early pubertal children, the study of complex training has been limited, and to our knowledge an examination of its effect on anaerobic performance characteristics of the upper and lower body has not been undertaken. Furthermore, the effect of detraining after complex training requires clarification. The physical characteristics (mean+/-s) of the 54 male participants in the present study were as follows: age 12.3 +/- 0.3 years, height 1.57 +/- 0.07 m, body mass 50.3 +/- 11.0 kg. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 33) or control group (n = 21). The training, which was performed three times a week for 12 weeks, included a combination of dynamic constant external resistance and plyometrics. After training, participants completed 12 weeks of detraining. At baseline, after training and after detraining, peak and mean anaerobic power, dynamic strength and athletic performance were assessed. Twenty-six participants completed the training and none reported any training-related injury. Complex training was associated with small increases (< or =5.5%) in peak and mean power during training, followed by decreases of a similar magnitude (< or = -5.9%) during detraining (P < 0.05). No changes or minor, progressive increases (< or =1.5%) were evident in the control group (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, dynamic strength was increased by 24.3 - 71.4% (dependent on muscle group; P < 0.01), whereas growth-related changes in the control group varied from 0 to 4.4% (P > 0.05). For 40-m sprint running, basketball chest pass and vertical jump test performance, the experimental group saw a small improvement (< or =4.0%) after training followed by a decline (< or = -4.4%) towards baseline during detraining (P < 0.05), whereas the control group experienced no change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, in pre- and early pubertal boys, upper and lower body complex training is a time-effective and safe training modality that confers small improvements in anaerobic power and jumping, throwing and sprinting performance, and marked improvements in dynamic strength. However, after detraining, the benefits of complex training are lost at similar rates to other training modalities. 相似文献
13.
Abstract Complex training, a combination of resistance training and plyometrics is growing in popularity, despite limited support for its efficacy. In pre- and early pubertal children, the study of complex training has been limited, and to our knowledge an examination of its effect on anaerobic performance characteristics of the upper and lower body has not been undertaken. Furthermore, the effect of detraining after complex training requires clarification. The physical characteristics (mean±s) of the 54 male participants in the present study were as follows: age 12.3 ± 0.3 years, height 1.57 ± 0.07 m, body mass 50.3 ± 11.0 kg. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 33) or control group (n = 21). The training, which was performed three times a week for 12 weeks, included a combination of dynamic constant external resistance and plyometrics. After training, participants completed 12 weeks of detraining. At baseline, after training and after detraining, peak and mean anaerobic power, dynamic strength and athletic performance were assessed. Twenty-six participants completed the training and none reported any training-related injury. Complex training was associated with small increases (≤5.5%) in peak and mean power during training, followed by decreases of a similar magnitude (≤ ?5.9%) during detraining (P < 0.05). No changes or minor, progressive increases (≤1.5%) were evident in the control group (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, dynamic strength was increased by 24.3 – 71.4% (dependent on muscle group; P < 0.01), whereas growth-related changes in the control group varied from 0 to 4.4% (P > 0.05). For 40-m sprint running, basketball chest pass and vertical jump test performance, the experimental group saw a small improvement (≤4.0%) after training followed by a decline (≤ ?4.4%) towards baseline during detraining (P < 0.05), whereas the control group experienced no change (P > 0.05). In conclusion, in pre- and early pubertal boys, upper and lower body complex training is a time-effective and safe training modality that confers small improvements in anaerobic power and jumping, throwing and sprinting performance, and marked improvements in dynamic strength. However, after detraining, the benefits of complex training are lost at similar rates to other training modalities. 相似文献
14.
运动心脏作为运动员所特有的＂高功能,高储备,大心脏＂一直被认为是运动员良好体能状态的重要保障,但在运动训练监控中我们发现一些运动员或多或少存在某些心脏结构改变和心律失常现象,往往影响运动员的系统训练和竞技水平的提高,常常困扰着运动员和教练员。运动医学研究也显示,在大运动量训练与反复大强度运动后运动心脏细胞与亚细胞的形态结构与功能代谢发生了某些失代偿性改变,引起运动性心肌微损伤,而且,右心房、右心室及内膜下心肌组织是运动心脏对大运动量训练与反复大强度运动的敏感区域,又称易损部位。尽管目前运动性心肌微损伤现象已为人所知,且运动性心律失常发生也与运动性心肌微损伤有关,但其病因、病理及发病机制尚不十分明了,运动员心肌微损伤与运动性心脏意外的发生很难早期诊断、预测和防治。针对优秀运动员潜在心脏隐患的调研也证实优秀运动员存在较高的心律失常风险,且专项训练年限长的运动员更为常见,一些运动员因此而退赛,甚至退役。运动性心律失常已经成为影响运动员体能、健康以及正常训练比赛的重要原因之一,制约了部分优秀运动员竞技水平和比赛成绩的提高。部分退役运动员留下了永久性的心律失常。本文主要针对运动性心律失常的常见类型以及病理变化与发生机制进行了综述与探讨,并对未来研究前景进行了展望,希望开展运动性心律失常电生和分子病理的研究,规避运动场上心血管意外的发生,保障运动员健康、延长运动寿命。 相似文献
15.
目的:对国家击剑队运动员生理、生化指标进行监控,为教练员及时了解运动员的身体反应、修订训练计划和调整训练负荷,保证运动员在大赛前机能处于良好状态提供参考.方法:选取国家击剑队2008年奥运会前体能训练和模拟比赛密集期,运用生理、生化指标对国家队4个剑种18名运动员进行训练监控.结果:安静状态下运动员各测定指标均在正常范围,整个训练期间各组运动员Hb、CK、BU、T、C发生了不同程度的变化.结论:显示出Hb、CK、BU、T、C结合使用可较好监控击剑运动员的机能状态,CK对运动强度敏感,而Hb、BU对运动量敏感;比赛前2周运动员T维持在较高水平,C有所升高,教练员对运动负荷的控制适宜. 相似文献
16.
本文通过综述几种常见的力量功能训练方法,为提高运动训练成绩和大众体质健康健身服务。近年来,力量训练方法越来越多,有速度力量和耐力力量训练。常见的力量训练功能训练有振动训练、PNF训练、悬吊训练、超等长训练、本体感觉与核心训练。力量训练通常与速度、敏捷、耐力和反应训练密切相关,适时加强与力量有关的素质练习尤为重要,只有这样才能提高力量训练的效果,保持运动成绩,以力量为基础的功能训练衍生出来多种训练方法,本文对这些方法梳理和总结,为后人研究学习提供方便。 相似文献
17.
探讨寒假停止系统的体育锻炼和运动训练对普通大学生和体育专业大学生身体机能状况的影响;机能测试的内容为寒假前、后受试者定量负荷机能反应测试、最大耗氧量测试和几种常见体质指标测试.研究表明,假期停止系统的体育锻炼和运动训练后,大学生定量负荷状态下的机能反应表现为动员慢、反应大、恢复慢,且这种变化与学生在校期间体育锻炼或运动训练的状况、性别差异等因素有关;假期后大学生机体有氧工作能力明显下降,平时体育锻炼和运动训练中获得的越多,假期里停止系统的体育运动后失去的越多;假期停止系统的体育运动可使学生下肢等张力量和爆发力显著下降,并且这种变化与学生的运动能力和训练水平密切相关,假期后体育专业女生下肢柔韧性水平呈显著性降低. 相似文献
18.
“Core” exercise is a basic part of many physical training regimens with goals ranging from rehabilitation of spine and knee injuries to improving athletic performance. Core stiffness has been proposed to perform several functions including reducing pain by minimising joint micro-movements, and enhancing strength and speed performance. This study probes the links between a training approach and immediate but temporary changes in stiffness. Passive and active stiffness was measured on 24 participants; 12 having little to no experience in core training (inexperienced), and the other 12 being athletes experienced to core training methods; before and after a 15 min bout of isometric core exercises. Passive stiffness was assessed on a “frictionless” bending apparatus and active stiffness assessed via a quick release mechanism. Short-term isometric core training increased passive and active stiffness in most directions for both inexperienced and experienced participants, passive left lateral bend among experienced participants being the exception (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the inexperienced and experienced groups. The results confirm that the specific isometric training exercise approach tested here can induce immediate changes in core stiffness, in this case following a single session. This may influence performance and injury resilience for a brief period. 相似文献
19.
竞技体育后备人才是竞技体育可持续发展的基础。辽宁、山东、江苏、上海、浙江、广东6省市作为我国的传统竞技体育强省,他们的竞技体育后备人才培养的状况将在一定程度上影响着今后几年我国整体竞技体育在国际上的表现。运用文献资料、比较研究、逻辑分析等研究方法,对6省市的一、二、三线的体育后备人才数量、教练员状况、项目布局、培养途径和普遍存在的问题进行分析和研究,希望能够为我国其他省市竞技体育的可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献
20.
减量训练对大白鼠骨骼肌组织学的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
周思红 《西安体育学院学报》2002,19(2):46-48
大鼠经 6周渐增负荷训练后 ,随后进行 4周减量训练 ,通过对大鼠腓肠肌进行了组织学实验 ,即电镜与光镜观察。结果发现 ,通过 4周减量训练 ,采用光镜与电镜可观察到各组肌肉内肌纤维和结缔组织结构的细微变化情况。分析了 4周减量训练可能引起骨骼肌运动能力下降的机制 ,并建议肌肉在减量训练时宜采用较合理强度进行训练 ,才能较好地保持运动能力不致下降过多 相似文献