共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 859 毫秒
1.
The main goal of this paper is to analyse the single and joint impact of regulation policies and research network policies on environmental innovation. Our theoretical framework combines the open eco-innovation mode approach with the Porter Hypothesis, by adapting them to the knowledge production function where green patents are the dependent variable. We focus on the factors that influence the production of green patents as a proxy of new “environmental” knowledge for a panel of European countries over time. We find that both marked-based regulation policies and participation in green European research networks (in particular with universities and public research centres) positively affect environmental innovation. Moreover, the two policy tools have a complementary effect. This suggests that the effectiveness of environmental regulation policies can be increased by combining them with appropriate innovation policies. 相似文献
2.
A frequently made claim in the innovation literature is that important inventions involve the transfer of new knowledge from one technological domain to another. This study uses U.S. patents granted from 1976 to 2006 to identify the role of knowledge acquired from outside each patent's technological domain. Our results do not seem to support the claim above. Increasing citations to external prior art is a significantly less important predictor of forward citation frequency than citing prior art that is technologically closer. This result is robust across several model specifications and ways of defining whether each flow of knowledge is external. The result is even stronger in the most highly cited technology categories. We discuss possible explanations for this apparently negative impact of external knowledge—including both measurement issues and challenges associated with assimilating disparate knowledge. 相似文献
3.
4.
S. Negassi 《Research Policy》2004,33(3):365-384
The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation. 相似文献
5.
Jue Wang 《Research Policy》2018,47(2):399-412
Government is one of the determinants for innovation capacity although its role and degree of involvement in innovation is debatable. Government intervention can be vital in supporting R&D and innovation as market alone cannot provide adequate incentives for knowledge production. Degrees of government intervention, however, vary in different economies and range from directive intervention by actively advising industrial policy and investing in selected areas, to facilitative intervention by creating positive environment and providing public goods for industry. This study uses Singapore and Hong Kong as two cases to explore the influence of government intervention on innovation performance. Singapore is known for strong government intervention while Hong Kong is famous for its positive non-intervention policy that minimizes the power of government in influencing the market. The comparison shows that innovation activities in Singapore are largely policy driven and dominated by big players, while in Hong Kong industry innovation is less active but the local industry has a dynamic innovation base contributed by small firms. Using a difference-in-differences analysis of USPTO patents filed by Singapore and Hong Kong, we find evidence for the effectiveness of government intervention on enhancing the technological significance and scope of innovation. The findings could shed light on the implication of government involvement in innovation. 相似文献
6.
Christian Köhler 《Research Policy》2012,41(8):1344-1356
The shift toward more open and interconnected innovation activities has been a major topic in recent academic and practitioner discussions. Firms must connect their in-house R&D activities with external partners, such as leading customers or universities, to increase the effectiveness of their innovation activities. Hence, management needs to define where to search for valuable knowledge in its environment. In this paper we argue that knowledge search has to reflect the heterogeneity of various knowledge sources with regard to the knowledge they can provide and how these sources can be activated. We hypothesize that search strategies driven by science, suppliers and the product market will contribute differently to innovation success with new-to-market versus imitated products. Moreover, we explore the effect of these types of knowledge search within different sectoral patterns of innovation. Our empirical analysis rests on a sample of almost 5000 firms from five Western European countries. The results support our hypotheses and highlight the potentials and shortcomings of different types of knowledge search. 相似文献
7.
Karen Manley 《Research Policy》2008,37(10):1751-1764
The methods by which small firms overcome the disadvantages of their size to implement innovation on construction projects are examined here through five Australian case studies. It is found that such methods include working with advanced clients, prioritising relationship-building strategies and using patents to protect intellectual property. Key obstacles to innovation implementation by small firms on construction projects are found to be bias in the allocation of government business assistance and regulatory inefficiencies under federal systems of government. The study’s findings derive from a theoretical framework which emphasises firm capabilities and environment, and innovation typologies. Further research is recommended into the impact of government assistance and regulation on small innovative construction firms. 相似文献
8.
从知识生产与技术创新对智慧施工实现的作用出发,深入挖掘智慧施工实现的科学逻辑;同时,基于所构建的科学逻辑体系,理清知识生产与技术创新因素内部的因果关系,并确定智慧施工实现的核心路径,构建了相应的系统动力学模型。最终,以1990—2016年间我国的工程科技知识文献和专利数据为样本,借助Vensim系统动力学平台分析了科学系统中知识生产和技术创新因素对智慧施工实现可能产生的不同影响。研究立足于智慧施工实现所需的知识生产与技术创新体系,探明智慧施工实现的科学逻辑,并揭示国家推进智慧施工所需努力的方向。 相似文献
9.
我国知识资本生产特征及其对经济增长的影响 《科学学研究》2017,35(8):1155-1166
以专利为代表的我国知识资本高速增长,是否具备支撑经济长期增长的潜力,是否能对经济增长产生显著的促进作用,成为各界广泛关注的焦点,也是本文研究的核心问题。本文基于内生经济增长理论中关于知识生产函数的设定,测算了1996年-2014年我国30个省份以专利为代表的知识资本生产函数,认为目前我国知识资本存量的内生积累效应仍不明显,尚不具备突破经济增长约束、推动经济长期增长的能力。进一步地,本文采用参数回归和半参数回归方法,分时间区间测算了不同增速水平下知识资本对经济增长的促进作用。结果表明,随着专利制度的逐步完善,专利存量对经济增长的促进作用将逐渐凸显;在知识积累的过程中,当知识资本增速过高,超过了技术转化和市场接受的范围,其对经济增长的促进作用有限;而以发明专利为代表的高质量知识资本增加,则表现出对经济增长的明显促进作用。因此,本文建议我国专利制度和相关科技创新政策,应加强专利的审查和监督,提高专利质量;弱化政策追求专利数量的干预,确立市场配置地位;突出专利成果转化的重要性,形成产学研协同创新网络。 相似文献
10.
该文以科技竞争态势分析为目标,从科学与技术的关联性角度,通过充分挖掘、结合学术论文和专利数据所包含的信息,将科学研究与技术研发两方面结合起来,设计研究出基于知识图谱和专利地图的科技竞争态势分析方法。通过多个不同角度和纬度的分析,采用知识图谱和专利地图对分析结果进行可视化揭示,最终从科技竞争环境、科技创新环境、竞争机构和人才三方面,对科技竞争现状和趋势进行揭示和描述,能有效协助、引导科技创新活动的开展。同时,以张力腿平台(TLP)科技领域为例,对所设计的科技竞争态势分析方法的实用性进行实证分析。 相似文献
11.
科学合作网络知识多样性与企业技术创新绩效 《科学学研究》2021,39(5):867-875
科学合作在科学知识生产中扮演着重要角色,而科学研究所产生的科学知识对于企业技术创新至关重要。运用2000-2017年新能源汽车产业相关学科在web of science刊载的32715家中国组织参与的合作论文585348篇,构建组织间科学合作网络139090个（个体网）。同时从德温特数据库下载了1893家中国组织在新能源汽车产业申请的专利16112条,将参与了科学合作（合作论文）与产生了技术创新绩效（专利申请）的组织进行匹配,最终聚焦于174家企业,利用面板数据,实证分析我国新能源汽车产业科学合作网络关系如何影响企业技术创新绩效。研究发现,企业在网络中的关系广度与关系强度均能正向影响企业技术创新绩效,关系强度比关系广度对企业技术创新绩效的影响更直接;知识多样性（学科多样性和技术多元化）中介于网络关系对企业技术创新绩效的影响,学科多样性中介于关系强度对企业技术创新绩效的影响,而关系广度则通过技术多元化影响企业技术创新绩效;研究还发现,企业进行学科多样性和技术多元化均有利于其提升技术创新绩效。 相似文献
12.
Science and the diffusion of knowledge 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Scientists, social scientists and politicians frequently credit basic science with stimulating technological innovation, and with it economic growth. Despite a substantial body of research investigating this general relationship, relatively little empirical attention has been given to understanding the mechanisms that might generate this linkage. This paper considers whether more rapid diffusion of knowledge, brought about by the norm of publication, might account for part of this effect. We identify the importance of publication by comparing the patterns of citations from future patents to three groups of focal patents: (i) those that reference scientific (peer-reviewed) publications, (ii) those that reference commercial (non-scientific) publications; and (iii) those that reference neither. Our analyses strongly implicate publication as an important mechanism for accelerating the rate of technological innovation: Patents that reference published material, whether peer-reviewed or not, receive more citations, primarily because their influence diffuses faster in time and space. 相似文献
13.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104850
This paper revisits the patents debate and considers the role of intellectual property rights and their impact on society in the context of inventions designed to protect global common pool resources (CPRs) such as public health and the environment. A review of the theoretical and empirical literature suggests that there has never been a clear consensus among researchers on the benefits of the patent system and intellectual property rights. As Robinson notes, “The patent system introduces some of the greatest of the complexities in the capitalist rules of the game and leads to many anomalies.” We explore these anomalies by specifying a taxonomy of patents for different classes of inventions, including inventions to protect CPRs. This includes vaccines and inventions that reduce externalities, such as, CFC gases and greenhouse gas emissions. In these instances, the effectiveness of innovations depends critically on rapid global diffusion. Our theoretical analysis utilises Ostrom's CPR dilemma to analyse the complexities surrounding innovation and CPRs.We find that the effectiveness of innovations to protect CPRs depends on industrial characteristics and the wider regulatory environment. Empirical evidence is brought to bear on these conclusions via 2 case studies that each embodies a natural experiment; one on vaccines pre- and post-TRIPS and one on environmental technologies to reduce CFC gases and CO2 emissions with and without an agreed UN Protocol. The insights gained are explored in our policy section. Our analysis suggests the need for a more nuanced approach to patent policy that is embedded in the wider context of innovation systems and takes account of the anomalies raised by CPRs. For CPR protecting innovations subject to positive network externalities, we advocate that policy should prioritise diffusion over private incentives for R&D and use alternative policies to patents to stimulate investment in R&D. 相似文献
14.
利用系统动力学因果联系、互相反馈特点,分析系统内部各个变量之间的因果反馈关系,从区域创新环境、区域创新载体、区域创新投入3个方面定义区域技术创新能力指数,并建立技术创新与区域经济增长的系统动力学模型,并利用湖南省2006-2013年数据进行模拟和仿真.研究发现:知识产权保护水平、教育投入和企业自主研发投入水平是影响区域技术创新的关键因素;而一味通过政府投入,盲目增加专利数量对于经济增长效果不明显. 相似文献
15.
We conducted empirical analysis of the role of corporate scientists in Japanese pharmaceutical companies using data on published papers and patent applications. We found that scientists with the highest publication performance scores did not apply for a considerably greater number of patents than other researchers in their companies. Instead, we found that these “core scientists” had a positive effect on the number of patent applications filed by their co-authors. Our findings suggest that core scientists play an important role as central conduits for the in-flow of knowledge from outside their companies, thereby stimulating innovation. 相似文献
16.
本文在理论上分析互联网发展对技术创新的可能影响机制,利用2007—2014年我国230个地级市的面板数据,通过主成分分析法构建了互联网发展指数。并进一步应用工具变量法实证研究了互联网发展对技术创新产生的影响及其内在传导机制。本文采用1984年各城市每百人固定电话数量与电信投资量的交互项作为研究的工具变量。实证表明：（1）无论从专利数据还是城市创新指数来看,互联网发展都显著促进了技术创新;（2）互联网发展加速了专利的折旧速度,有利于提高创新知识的更新速度;（3）互联网发展加快信息的传播,提升了专利的国内外引用,显著增加了创新知识的溢出。本文为我国“互联网＋”行动计划、创新型国家建设奠定了理论与事实基础。 相似文献
17.
习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想指出创新引领经济高质量发展。本文以内生经济增长理论为基础,利用中国2003—2017年省级数据,采用动态面板模型分析了专利质量对经济高质量发展的影响。结果表明专利质量能够有效促进经济高质量发展,而知识产权保护正向调节专利质量和经济高质量发展的正向关系。本文聚焦于更能体现创新程度的专利质量,从专利角度构建了专利质量对经济高质量发展影响的理论框架,为理解经济高质量发展的内涵“更有效率和更加可持续”提供经验证据,对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想的相关研究文献进行补充,同时研究结论为政府制定创新激励政策和考核评价体系提供参考。 相似文献
18.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104854
How patents affect follow-on innovation is a key question for the patent system. We disaggregate follow-on innovation into activities that infringe patents and others that do not infringe but can be indirectly affected by patents. Replicating an important study using our disaggregated measure, we find that 87 percent of follow-on scientific publications describing patented genes do not constitute patent infringement. Supplementing our empirical strategy with data on patent expiration dates, we find that gene patents which are not close to expiration cause an increase in noninfringing follow-on research, but the effect disappears for patents close to expiration. Our nuanced measure helps better identify the mechanisms of patents’ effect, reconcile disparate results in the literature, and evaluate policy reform. 相似文献
19.
从知识流动视角探讨组织创新问题日益受到学术界的关注,但知识流入尤其是知识流出如何影响企业管理创新的研究还非常缺乏。在理论研究的基础上,构建了知识流出、外部环境与企业管理创新之间关系的理论模型,并考察研发投入和地理集聚对模型的控制作用。通过对458家申报广东省高新技术企业和民营科技型企业的企业问卷调查数据进行实证检验,发现知识流出以完全中介作用影响外部环境和企业管理创新的关系,且这三变量之间的关系受制于研发投入的大小和地理集聚程度的高低,即高研发投入企业中的知识流出在外部环境与管理创新之间起不完全中介作用;高地理集聚企业中的外部环境对知识流出并不存在直接的正向影响,说明企业应善于发现适合自身发展的地理环境。研究结论对完善知识和创新管理理论具有一定的学术贡献。 相似文献