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1.
P. Craig Boardman 《Research Policy》2009,38(10):1505-1516
This paper uses data from a national survey of academic researchers in the US to detect how different types of university research centers affect individual-level university–industry interactions. The results suggest that while affiliation with an industry-related center correlates positively with the likelihood of an academic researcher having had any research-related interactions with private companies, affiliation with centers sponsored by government centers programs correlates positively with the level of industry involvement, no matter whether these centers additionally have ties to private companies. The analysis takes the “scientific and technical human capital” approach, which draws from theories of social capital and human capital and proves useful for framing the institutional and resource-based perspectives that characterize much of the literature on university–industry interactions. The scientific and technical human capital approach is taken because its emphasis on the research capacities of individual academic researchers provides a more direct explanation of government centrality to academic researchers’ industry involvement than provide either the resource-based or institutional views. Implications for policy and management as well as for future applications of the scientific and technical human capital approach are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Research collaboration is perhaps the singular feature that university research centers, broadly defined, share. Yet, there has been little systematic study of the center-level attributes that facilitate (or hinder) research collaboration at the individual level. This paper estimates whether center-level measures of research capacity and structure affect center affiliated university scientists’ and engineers’ collaborative behaviors. We consider the effects of center multidisciplinarity, size, and center ties to private firms and to federally funded centers programs on the time allocated to collaboration with researchers from industry, other universities, government laboratories, and abroad. Our analyses compare center to non-center scientists and also address within-group differences among center scientists. The findings demonstrate some center-level attributes to “map” to the expected collaborative behaviors while other center-level attributes do not. We conclude with a discussion of areas for future research and implications for the design and management of university research centers. 相似文献
3.
University research centers have been institutionalized as a part of the science policy repertoire committed to strategic use of science and technology. Based on a representative sample of academic scientists and engineers in American research universities, this study investigates the selection dynamics, attempting to unfold the determinants of department-affiliated faculty members to be center affiliates. The findings suggest that university research centers select their affiliates on the basis of individual scientific and technical human capital. Scientists from prestigious departments are more likely to be center affiliates, so are prolific scientists, former postdoctoral scholars and the elder cohorts. In the meantime, university research centers are able to overcome the incentive incongruity with academic departments, as is evidenced by a higher likelihood among junior scientists to secure center connections. Dedicated to diversity and equity, university research centers provide a level playing field for women, minority and foreign-born scientists. The study concludes with a discussion of the scientific and technical human capital theory and policy implications in the science enterprise. 相似文献
4.
本文以中科院所属研究院所科研人员为主要调查对象，从跨界合作网络的视角出发，分析专利产出性别差异的社会网络机制。研究主要有3个发现：1.女性科研人员跨界合作网络规模和网络关系强度上均存在明显的欠缺；2.与企业界、其他学科领域合作网络规模和网络关系强度上的欠缺是影响专利产出性别差异的重要因素，而且网络关系强度的影响作用要大于网络规模的影响；3.性别对于跨界合作网络与专利产出关系的调节作用并不显著，即在拥有相同网络规模和网络关系强度的情况下，女性从与各类合作网络关系中获得专利产出回报的可能性与男性并无显著区别。与男性同事相比，女性的专利产出会更多地受到其他因素的影响，如职业早期的企业工作经历、单位组织的知识产权培训等。最后，在结果讨论的基础上提出在学术成果商业化新趋势下减少科技领域性别差异的政策建议。 相似文献
5.
We examine career patterns within the industrial, academic, and governmental sectors and their relation to the publication and patent productivity of scientists and engineers working at university-based research centers in the United States. We hypothesize that among university scientists, intersectoral changes in jobs throughout the career provide access to new social networks and scientific and technical human capital, which will result in higher productivity. For this study, the curriculum vitae of 1200 research scientists and engineers were collected and coded. In addition, patent data were collected from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The overarching conclusion from our analysis is that the academic scientists’ and engineers’ research careers we studied are quite different than characterized in the research productivity literature that is a decade or more old. The wave of center creation activity that began in the early 1980s and continues today has resulted not only in greater ties between universities and industry, but also markedly different academic careers. 相似文献
6.
A case study for impelling university research productivity and impact through collaboration is presented. Scientometric results support the hypothesis that a knowledge management model increased research collaboration and thereby boosted a university’s number of publications and citations. Results come from fifteen years of data at a Mexican university with 2400 researchers who produced 24,000 works in fifteen research disciplines. These data are treated with social network visualizations and algorithms to identify patterns of collaboration and clustering, as well as with normalizations to make disciplines comparable and to verify increasing citation impact. The knowledge management model implemented in the study may be a cost-effective way for universities to intensify collaboration and improve research performance. 相似文献
7.
国际科学合作研究状况综述/FONT 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着科学的迅速发展,科学研究中的合作关系日益成为影响科学生产能力发挥的巨大力量,引起越来越多的科学家以及科技管理人士的关注,对科学合作的研究也在逐渐深入。本文对国际科学合作的研究进展作以综述,以期发现科学合作活动的规律,为提高科学研究绩效提供信息。 相似文献
8.
“Scientific and technical human capital” (S&T human capital) has been defined as the sum of researchers’ professional network ties and their technical skills and resources [Int. J. Technol. Manage. 22 (7-8) (2001) 636]. Our study focuses on one particular means by which scientists acquire and deploy S&T human capital, research collaboration. We examine data from 451 scientists and engineers at academic research centers in the United States. The chief focus is on scientists’ collaboration choices and strategies. Since we are particularly interested in S&T human capital, we pay special attention to strategies that involve mentoring graduate students and junior faculty and to collaborating with women. We also examine collaboration “cosmopolitanism,” the extent to which scientists collaborate with those around them (one’s research group, one’s university) as opposed to those more distant in geography or institutional setting (other universities, researchers in industry, researchers in other nations). Our findings indicate that those who pursue a “mentor” collaboration strategy are likely to be tenured; to collaborate with women; and to have a favorable view about industry and research on industrial applications. Regarding the number of reported collaborators, those who have larger grants have more collaborators. With respect to the percentage of female collaborators, we found, not surprisingly, that female scientists have a somewhat higher percentage (36%) of female collaborators, than males have (24%). There are great differences, however, according to rank, with non-tenure track females having 84% of their collaborations with females. Regarding collaboration cosmopolitanism, we find that most researchers are not particularly cosmopolitan in their selection of collaborators—they tend to work with the people in their own work group. More cosmopolitan collaborators tend have large grants. A major policy implication is that there is great variance in the extent to which collaborations seem to enhance or generate S&T human capital. Not all collaborations are equal with respect to their “public goods” implications. 相似文献
9.
Akshay Bhagwatwar Noriko Hara Marcus A. Ynalvez 《International Journal of Information Management》2013,33(6):963-970
Journal and conference publications are well-known measures of scientific and academic research productivity. Prior research on scientific productivity that studies dimensions such as research culture, technological support, and researcher collaboration focuses on Western world contexts. Asian countries, such as Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan have received attention recently for the quality of their educational institutions, which have increasingly emphasized research productivity. With a large number of established and funded public universities, these countries show a strong potential for future scientific research. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence the research productivity of scholars in these countries. In this paper the focus is specifically on the research productivity of students and faculty members in three countries: Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan. We investigate an important factor that influences research productivity: technology usage, which we conceptualize as the summation of mobile phone and computer usage. In addition, we analyze the relationship between technology usage and international collaboration. 相似文献
10.
“十三五时期”,广东省生产力服务体系快速发展,规模逐年壮大,服务内容从传统的中介服务逐步向全链条创新服务转变,发展趋势不断往专业化、网络化、集成化和国际化转变,逐步成为粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心和广东科技创新强省建设的重要支撑。为适应广东省生产力服务体系发展的新形势,进一步提升生产力中心系统的科技创新服务能力,亟需建立一套系统、全面的生产力科技创新服务能力评价体系,客观、科学地推进生产力体系的创新发展,作为其动态管理及政策支持的重要依据。因此,本文运用基于熵权法的TOPSIS综合评价方法,构建广东省生产力服务体系科技创新服务能力评价模型,并通过灰色关联分析法验证了评价模型的合理性,确定了关键影响因素。经实证研究发现,2010-2018年间广东省生产力服务体系科技创新服务能力总体呈上升趋势;各区域生产力促进中心发展不均衡,珠三角地区遥遥领先于粤东西北地区;企业服务能力、人力资源、科技创新资源对生产力服务体系科技创新服务能力影响相对显著。 相似文献
11.
本研究利用“一带一路”沿线国家跨国PCT专利合作申请信息构建5个技术领域科技合作网络,采用社会网络分析方法从网络可视图、网络整体结构指标和网络中心性指标三方面进行对比分析。研究结果表明,一方面,各技术领域科技合作网络中节点国家的合作广度和合作强度均表现出明显的不均衡性,网络均呈现网络规模较大、网络密度低、平均距离短的特征,网络中核心国家基本上都是经济较发达的国家;另一方面,5个技术领域科技合作网络中的大节点及高频合作国家对有所区别,网络分属不同类型,网络中核心国家的分布与排序亦有所不同。上述研究结果对沿线各国制定适合的科技合作政策、开展各具特色的跨国科技合作有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
12.
Funding incentives, collaborative dynamics and scientific productivity: Evidence from the EU framework program 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper we examine how incentives for collaboration shape collaborative behavior and researcher productivity in the context of EU-funded research networks. EU-funded research networks require researchers to collaborate as a condition for securing research funding. The presence of research funding, therefore, may influence collaborative behavior. Our approach involves isolating the effects of funding, collaboration and previous collaborations (prior to funding) on research output, and examining how the pattern of collaboration affects research productivity over time. Employing a panel of 294 researchers in 39 EU research networks over a 15-year period we find that while the impact of funding on productivity is generally positive the overall impact of collaboration within the funded networks is weak. When we delineate between pre-, during- and post-funding periods, however, we find some important differences. During the period of funding, collaboration did not lead to an increase in research production. In the post-funding period we find that although the number of collaborations decreases within the network, the impact of collaboration on productivity is positive and significant. Our findings suggest that collaborations formed to capitalize on funding opportunities, while not effective in enhancing researcher productivity in the short run, may be an important promoter of effective collaborations in the longer run. 相似文献
13.
[目的/意义]研究科研论文的著者合作模式有助于发现科研合作中存在的合作关系以及评价不同合作模式的科研绩效,为进一步的科研合作提供方法和参考。[方法/过程]从作者属性和科研众包的视角对科研论文的著者合作模式的相关研究进行梳理和归纳。[结果/结论]基于作者的机构、地域、年龄、性别、职称、研究方向等属性和科研众包对科研论文的著者合作模式的研究进行归纳和论述,并提出未来可能的研究重点：著者合作模式综合视角下的科研绩效评价;作者贡献声明视角下的著者合作模式及合作规律研究。 相似文献
14.
国际科技交流、校企合作与高校科研效率——基于随机前沿超越对数生产函数分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用随机前沿超越对数生产函数和2005～2009年省际面板数据,对中国省际高校科研效率进行了估算,并从国际科技交流、校企合作等方面分析了效率的影响因素。研究发现:中国省际高校科研总体效率水平较低,且科研效率水平逐年下降,各省市区之间以及东、中、西三大经济区之间的效率水平存在一定差距;国际科技交流、经济水平、教育水平对高校科研效率存在显著的正向影响,而校企合作与高校科研效率关系不显著。根据研究结论就提升高校科研效率提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
15.
We test the hypothesis that scientific collaboration is associated with increased publication productivity. We differentiate our approach from other studies by (a) incorporating professional networks in the productivity model, (b) casting productivity and collaboration as distinct phenomena, and (c) examining these phenomena in the context of resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. We use survey data and employ negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that publication productivity is significantly linked to professional network factors, but there is no evidence of any association with scientific collaboration. We observe that most scientists collaborate in research projects despite coordination difficulties, and without any measurable impact on their productivity. Our interviews reveal that a possible answer to this puzzle appears to be rooted in a practice that views collaborative research projects not mainly as a means to producing knowledge and gaining recognition, but for acquiring professional opportunities and extrinsic rewards. Our findings suggest a new way of modeling publication productivity, with implications for science and innovation policy in both the developed and the developing world. 相似文献
16.
以Scopus数据库引文数据,运用文献计量分析方法,构建科研竞争力评价指标体系框架,对高水平行业特色研究型大学进行综合分析,从科研生产力、科研影响力、科研创新力、科研发展力四个维度评价高校科研竞争力的现状、水平及其发展趋势。研究发现,高水平行业特色研究型大学科研生产力水平已具有一定的优势、呈现良好的发展态势;科研影响力也不断扩大、有了显著的提升;但科研创新力、科研发展力还有较大的提升空间。高水平行业特色研究型大学应重视学术品质,关注国际科技前沿、注重学科交叉融合,加强与国际一流大学和科研机构实质性合作,加大海外引智、引才力度,加快绩效考核与分配制度改革、引导科研人员重视基础研究。 相似文献
17.
如何通过制定科学的科技政策提高科研水平是中国高校科技政策制定的重要目标。通过对欧盟研发框架计划缘起、演变的分析及其分阶段计划比较,提出对中国高校科技政策创新的启示及建议：以资金投入为保障,强化在战略优先领域或优势学科中的支撑引领作用;以发展基础研究设施为前提,推动跨学科合作与释放创新人才潜力;以协同创新机制为纽带,提升全球资源配置能力;以科研人员分层激励为前提,加速高层次研究人员的层次晋升;以人员培训与交流为重要措施,培养科研人员的合作创新能力;以科学与社会的融合为重要目标,提高应对社会挑战的能力。以期为高校科技政策创新提供借鉴与范式。 相似文献
18.
科技成果转化是一个由企业、科研机构、大学及中介机构等各类机构构成的系统,科技成果转化政策体系是这个系统的统一框架体系的主要内容。科技成果转化系统中各要素要形成联动,有效地促进企业、大学及科研院所的技术诚信及生产力的实现。科技成果转化政策的制定应紧密围绕科技成果转化系统的运行、政策的统一性和系统性等方面来完成。 相似文献
19.
基于2011—2018年我国30个省（区、市）的面板数据，运用DEA-BCC模型测算出我国科技金融发展效率，并运用模糊集定性比较分析法探讨了科技金融政策、金融发展程度、科研经费强度、政府科技支持力度、科研人数和科研人员学历等因素对我国科技金融发展效率的协同效应。研究表明：（1）高效的科技金融发展具有“多重并发”的特点，受多个因素共同作用，其中科技金融政策是促进科技金融发展的重要因素；（2）推动地区实现高效科技金融发展的路径有四条，分别为政策平衡型、全面协作型、科研投入型和环境人力型。 相似文献
20.
【目的/意义】从科学数据监管的角度对高校新型智库建设进行策略分析,强调科学数据在高校智库建设中的重要作用,发挥科学数据的成果转化新形式,以智库产品的形式进行数据传播。【方法/过程】以黑龙江省高校新型智库建设为例,通过文献调研、网络信息搜索和访谈等形式,收集黑龙江省高校新型智库建设基础、现状等数据,探索黑龙江省新型高校智库建设的策略。【结果/结论】提出:"以科技创新为目的"的高校智库服务理念;"以政府和高校政策创新为导向的"的高校智库建设研究;"以学科和学术为导向"的高校智库服务模式;"以协同合作为基础"的高校智库学术交流与学术传播方式的创新;"以数据为基础"的高校智库决策方式的建立。 相似文献