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知识共享是知识管理的重点,而"搭便车"则导致了知识共享实现的困难.从知识的准公共品性质入手,运用博弈理论分析了"搭便车"行为的产生机理以及危害性,在此基础上提出了防止该行为产生应采取的措施. 相似文献
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随着服务经济的兴起,服务创新已成为企业获取竞争优势的重要来源。作为服务科学研究的基本目标,服务创新过程本质上是服务系统间通过能力交换和相互作用而实现的知识传递和信息转移过程,服务系统间的知识共享影响服务创新。运用博弈论原理构建了服务创新中的知识共享博弈模型并进行了演化路径分析,得出了服务创新中的知识共享水平与奖惩力度、合作次数和协同系数均呈正相关关系的结论。 相似文献
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在考虑随机因素干扰的情形下,通过建立一个随机微分博弈模型研究了产学研协同创新主体间的知识共享问题。运用动态规划方法分别求得了Stackelberg主从博弈和协同合作博弈两种下均衡的知识共享策略和创新补贴比例,并对两种博弈模式下的均衡结果进行了比较。比较结果显示:(1)在Stackelberg主从博弈和协同合作博弈两种模式下,知识共享的成本及其创新能力、知识共享的边际收益及其折旧率对创新主体共享的知识量产生重要影响,当知识共享的成本及其折旧率提高时,共享的知识量将减少;当知识创新能力及其共享的边际收益提升时,共享的知识量将提高。(2)在协同合作博弈下,创新主体共享的知识量、知识创新系统的总收益、知识创新量的期望值和方差均高于Stackelberg主从博弈下的值。 相似文献
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在激励理论的分析框架下对早期阶段创新项目的财政资助政策进行了研究,主要结论包括:1)为担保创业企业家的努力投入,创新企业必须投入足够的自有资本才能吸引创业资本的进入,因此政府的财政资助可以弱化创新企业的财富约束,从而激励更多的创新活动;2)要求按比例分享项目收益的有偿资助方式帕累托劣于无偿资助,而仅要求固定回报的有偿资助则是激励中性的。根据上述结论进一步解释了创业投资家在投资项目选择上的阶段偏好现象,并分析了天使投资的矛盾性,证明了在对早期阶段创新项目的扶持中,公共资本起着不可替代的作用。 相似文献
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Consumers innovate usually for non-commercial motives. They generally lack incentives to diffuse, and this is expected to hamper first adoption – even if consumer innovations are valuable to many other people. We confirm this market failure with survey data of 164 German consumer innovators. First adoption by others is unrelated with general use value, unless the innovator is highly willing to commercialize. Next, as classical diffusion theory does not explain when consumer innovations become available to others, we propose an individual-object-process (I-O-P) framework to study factors alleviating the market failure. The viability of the framework is explored by studying the moderating role of entrepreneurial experience (I), product newness (O) and community engagement during the innovation process (P). First adoption of generally valuable consumer innovations is enhanced when a community was involved. We also find tentative evidence for a moderating role of entrepreneurial experience and product newness. 相似文献
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将知识看作一种准公共物品,知识共享是发生在知识网络之上的公共物品进化博弈,并且根据知识共享过程中的信任因素建立了两种理性水平下的知识共享进化博弈模型。运用仿真分析的方法研究了知识网络中知识共享的机制和知识网络对知识共享的影响。结果表明,在不同理性水平下知识网络的结构对知识共享具有不同的影响。模型有助于理解知识共享和传播的机制进而采用有效的策略来提高组织的知识共享水平。 相似文献
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人际关系对组织内部知识共享行为的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
路琳 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(4):116-121
以组织内知识共享为研究对象,借鉴经济学中公共物品理论,将组织内知识共享作为一种特殊的公共物品贡献行为,提出对个人利益的考虑将阻碍知识共享而个人功效感能够促进知识共享,进而提出团队工作以及信任度将通过对个人利益和个人功效感的作用影响知识共享行为.问卷调查的结果验证了理论研究的有效性. 相似文献
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How communities support innovative activities: an exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This study contributes to our understanding of the innovation process by bringing attention to and investigating the process by which innovators outside of firms obtain innovation-related resources and assistance. This study is the first to explicitly examine how user-innovators gather the information and assistance they need to develop their ideas and how they share and diffuse the resulting innovations. Specifically, this exploratory study analyzes the context within which individuals who belong to voluntary special-interest communities develop sports-related consumer product innovations. We find that these individuals often prototype novel sports-related products and that they receive assistance in developing their innovations from fellow community members. We find that innovation-related information and assistance, as well as the innovations themselves, are freely shared within these communities. The nature of these voluntary communities, and the “institutional” structure supporting innovation and free sharing of innovations is likely to be of interest to innovation researchers and managers both within and beyond this product arena. 相似文献
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本文考虑随机因素干扰的情形下,运用HJB方程和动态规划方法分别求解Nash非合作博弈和协同创新博弈模型下大学与企业的知识共享策略。结果表明：(1)两种博弈情形下,知识共享的成本越高,共享的知识量越少,知识共享边际收益越高;(2)协同创新博弈模式下的知识共享量、系统总收益均高于Nash非合作博弈,更易于达到Pareto最优,即推动产学研协同创新有助于提升系统总收益;(3)在合作情形下,大学与企业的决策目标定位于整体收益最大化,使得双方在知识共享努力程度与整体收益情况均优于Nash非合作博弈,在对知识共享行为有效协调下,合作策略是大学与企业构建协同创新系统,促进系统内知识共享的最优选择。 相似文献
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文献信息资源的本质属性是准公共物品,文献信息资源共享的过程实际上就是准公共物品的供给过程。本文采用博弈论的方法,按参与馆的规模与实力,将我国文献信息资源共享活动分为三种类型:小馆与小馆之间的博弈、大馆与大馆之间的博弈、大馆与小馆之间的博弈。通过借鉴公共物品供给的经典博弈模型对三种情况下参与方的供给决策行为进行分析,并求出纳什均衡解。最后通过比较分析提出了一些有益的结论和启示。 相似文献
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本文运用演化博弈论方法分析了研发联盟企业间知识共享策略的进化稳定性,研究发现:企业自主研发水平P不会影响知识共享策略的选择,而超额收益的分配系数Z是策略选择的先决条件。在此基础上,影响分配系数Z参数包括知识创新水平U、专有知识水平A、知识可共享度B、知识转化能力R和知识共享的风险程度I。这些参数一定程度上的变化会推动博弈趋向于某一进化稳定策略(ESS)。 相似文献
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Kazimierz Poznański 《Research Policy》1980,9(3):232-253
This paper presents the results of research covering 86 innovations from seven Polish industries. The sample of innovations includes traditional and modern branches - clothing, leather and automotive industry; intermediate products - synthetic fibres and dyestuffs; capital goods - textile machinery; and final consumption goods - furniture and electrical equipment. The purpose of the research was to identify the stimuli and restraints on innovation, especially from the economics and financial system of enterprises in which the innovations were implemented.The research findings show that process innovations are more frequent than product innovations and that Polish enterprises innovate more often because of a need to overcome supply shortages than to meet demand needs. There is evidence of the dominance of in-house developments based on wide utilisation of foreign technological knowledge, both from socialist and from capitalist countries. The important pressure to innovate comes in current economic conditions from research establishments and the above enterprise level (associations and industrial ministries). This study also showas the important role of the non-financial motivations of individuals to engage in innovations,and the existence of some weak points in financial incentives to promote innovations. The Last fact partly explains, The former findings. 相似文献
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企业能力差异与合作创新动机 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
企业参与合作创新主要有两个方面的动机，成本共享和技术共享，合作伙伴间能力的差异对合作动机重要，本文通过一个有知识溢出的两个阶段双寡头博弈模型，比较了自主创新、成本共享、技术共享几种创新方式的均衡结果，得出结论：当企业具有同质的资源和能力时，成本共享是企业合作创新的主要动机，当企业的能力互补时，技术共享是企业合作创新的主要动机。 相似文献
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Digital platforms are becoming increasingly important for household sector innovators that seek support for the innovation process and that want to make innovations available to large audiences. Innovation development and diffusion is especially challenging for first-time innovators as they cannot build on experiences from prior innovations. We argue that first-time innovators can increase the diffusion success of their innovations by engaging in pre-innovation platform activities. We use the context of the 3D printing platform Thingiverse to show that a consumer's pre-innovation platform activity increases innovation diffusion success and that frequency, quality and relatedness of a consumer's pre-innovation platform activity promotes this effect. We find support that innovation quality, the use of recombinant innovations, and innovation documentation are three mechanisms through which pre-innovation platform activities translate into higher diffusion success of consumers’ first innovation. 相似文献
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基于开放式创新的过程管理思想,考虑一个由知识源、知识转移中介、信息服务机构组成的闭环知识链系统,通过构建知识源领导(SL)、知识转移中介领导(OL)与信息服务机构领导(TL)等博弈模型,分析了权力结构对知识供给、转换、反馈等环节的创新绩效的影响。研究表明,掌握领导权可提高组织的知识产出、知识定价与创新利润;在创新绩效表现上,SL模式是分散决策时的最优权力结构;OL与SL模式具有同等的知识创造效率,但OL模式系统利润偏低并存在组织间的利益冲突风险;市场机遇、合作伙伴的创新能力与组织的知识创造效率正相关,弥补知识链成员创新能力的短板是提高系统创新绩效的关键。 相似文献
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Increasing numbers of consumers who engage in the development of new products are selling their innovations on online marketplaces. We contribute to the scarce research on the commercialization activities of consumer innovators by comparing the consumers’ price decisions with the pricing of firms. Our predictions build on the baseline assumption that the price decisions of consumers are influenced by the same motivations that originally prompt them to innovate. We use a sequential mixed-method approach with a quantitative main study and follow-up qualitative research. The quantitative results draw on a matched-pair analysis of 4,242 computer games released on the online game platform Steam. We find that consumer innovators charge lower prices than firms for comparable games and that consumers and firms show different inclinations in aligning prices with the games’ development costs and perceived quality. The subsequent interview study with 29 hobbyist game developers provides clear support for the motivational explanations of consumers’ pricing decisions. The findings contribute to research on consumer innovation marketing and nascent entrepreneurship. They also improve the understanding of welfare effects resulting from increasing commercial activities of consumers. 相似文献
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In the past few decades, much research has documented the importance of users as sources of innovations. Over the last 10 years, Research Policy alone has published 56 research articles investigating this phenomenon. We ask to what degree the findings of users as innovators have been absorbed by decision-makers responsible for new product development (managers) and by those who shape the contextual conditions for innovation (policy makers and public administration). A realistic perception of the sources of innovation is important as it constitutes the basis for a rational allocation of resources and thus indirectly impacts the innovation performance of companies and societies at large.In a large-scale survey of n?=?1500 decision-makers, we found support for a substantial underestimation of users as a source of innovation: While the true proportion of user innovation among the most valuable 1678 innovations in nine industries is 54.4% (as established in existing research articles), decision-makers estimate it to be 21.7%. A content analysis of transfer media (450 academic textbooks, popular innovation books, and business articles) underscores this theory-practice gap: Of 3469 text paragraphs dealing with the sources of innovation, only 2.7% mention users as innovators. We develop six propositions on the reasons for and consequences of this underestimation that may serve as a starting point for future research and practical consequences. 相似文献
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运用演化博弈理论,在有限理性的假设前提下,借助科技创新利益主体非对称性演化博弈分析的复制动态模型,对政府与中小企业之间的科技创新行为进行博弈分析,重点探讨利益相关主体间的行为及相互影响的动态演变过程,讨论演化参数结果的稳定性及如何形成稳定均衡策略,最后运用Matlab软件仿真演化过程。研究结果表明,在利益双方科技创新意识越强、科技创新成本越小、利益双方获取的收益越大的条件下,系统更容易收敛于理想状态;政府对中小企业科技创新行为的激励力度应当合理控制,激励力度过大容易使中小企业受经济利益驱使,最终使利益双方陷入一种不良"锁定"状态。 相似文献