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1.
(一)仪器误差与仪器读数误差仪器误差通常是指在正确使用仪器的条件下,测量值与真值之间可能产生的最大误差。它是由仪器制造工厂或计量部门通过与更精确的仪表、量具比较检定而给出的。对于不同的仪器,仪器误差表示的方法也不相同。有的给出仪器最大绝对误差,如液体温度计;有的给出仪器最大相对误差,如电阻器。电阻箱的仪器误差用准确度等级表示。其指示值的最大相对误差用准确度等级的百分数表示。例如0.2级的电阻箱,电阻为932Ω时,其绝对误差为932Ω×0.2%≈2Ω。各种电表(包括电流表、电压表)的仪器误差也用准确度等级表示。但它的含意是在任意读数下的测量值最大绝对误差为仪器量  相似文献   

2.
谢宗林 《考试周刊》2011,(16):153-154
基本电工仪表(电压表、电流表)在电工实验中,由于接入电路,就会改变电路原有的工作状态,这就导致仪表的读数值与电路原有的实际值之间出现误差。为了保证实验的准确性,必须计算出测量误差,并通过减小测量误差,提高实验数据的精确度。  相似文献   

3.
用电位差计检定电压表的不确定度分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
分析了用电位差计检定电太表时的不确定度。说明不确定度的A、B分量并不与误差的“随机的”、“系统的”分量之间存在简单的对应关系,以及能用误差传递公式表示的误差分量并不一定是不确定度的A分量,也不一定包含实验中的全部误差因素。  相似文献   

4.
按GB1158—80规定,平板平面度误差定义为“包容实际表面,且距离为最小的两平行平面的距离为△。”由于满足最小条件的平面度误差的评定基准是预先未知的,还要经过烦琐的“基准转换”过程才能获得最大平面度的最小值。因此,在实际中常用对角钱法来评定平面度误差。 对角线法是JJG117—78《平板检定规程》所规定的方法之一。它规定的理想平面A_0通过一条对角线平行,然后把各点所测得的数据向A_0平面转换,得到以A_0为基准的新的数据,从而求出最大平面度。  相似文献   

5.
电表读数的准确性探析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对电表测量值的准确性进行了研究.根据相对误差的定义,纠正了教材中测量值的最大相对误差表达式中的错误,分析了最大相对误差和实际相对误差的异同.指出使用电表进行测量时,测量值的准确性是由其实际相对误差而非最大相对误差决定的;并非电表的读数越接近满刻度,测量值的准确性就越高;使用电表进行测量时,电表的读数不必被限定在……以上.  相似文献   

6.
该装置引入了以PID为基础的智能控制算法,有效地改善了炉温大纯滞后过程启动和间歇大扰动的动态品质。独特的冷端补偿方法有效地减少了常规补偿引入的误差;利用参考函数使温度和热电势之间的转换很方便。由于改进为自动检定装置,实现了自动连续检定,从而提高了工作效率和检定质量。  相似文献   

7.
热电偶的冷端在生产实际中大都采用冷端补偿法来解决。与热电偶配合使用的温度指示仪表大都带有冷端补偿系统,为了更准确地对这些仪表进行计量检测,我们采用各种方法来消除补偿导线引起的误差,从而可以对高准确度的热电偶测温仪表进行计量。我们也可以对冷端补偿进行单独的计量,这样通过分别对直流电压测量准确度和冷端补偿的准确度的计量,就可以更加准确地评定多功能、智能化的测温仪表的准确度。  相似文献   

8.
热电偶的冷端在生产实际中大都采用冷端补偿法来解决.与热电偶配合使用的温度指示仪表大都带有冷端补偿系统,为了更准确地对这些仪表进行计量检测,我们采用各种方法来消除补偿导线引起的误差,从而可以对高准确度的热电偶测温仪表进行计量.我们也可以对冷端补偿进行单独的计量,这样通过分别对直流电压测量准确度和冷端补偿的准确度的计量,就可以更加准确地评定多功能、智能化的测温仪表的准确度.  相似文献   

9.
为解决传统的热电偶检定系统数据量大、误差大、检定炉温控制不准确、工作效率低等问题,设计了一种基于参数自整定的模糊PID控制的热电偶自动检定系统.该系统采用模糊PID控制器实现检定炉温的控制,并能够实现自动控温、自动升温、自动采集检测数据、自动计算、自动存储及判定级别,自动生成原始记录等功能.该系统采用模块化设计,具有良好的灵活性和可扩展性,可根据实际检测需要进行修改或扩展,提高了工业热电偶检测的精确性和工作效率.  相似文献   

10.
《化工仪表及自动化》是一门重要的技术基础课。本课程共分两大篇,第一篇是化工测量仪表,值此期末复习之际,就《化工仪表及自动化》课的教学要求和复习重点做扼要概述,并结合具体例题加以说明,以便帮助同学们把握住课程的基本内容。第一篇化工测量仪表基础知识要求了解测量的基本知识,了解测量仪表的分类。重点掌握仪表测量误差的各种表示方式及计算方法,要能根据仪表的误差数值确定仪表的精度等级.反之,  相似文献   

11.
平均值电表被广泛应用于大、中学实验教学中 ,由于平均值电表的特殊定度方法 ,电表的读数与所测电量的实际有效值有一定的差异 .本文将讨论由电表读数求交流电压最大值、平均值、有效值的方法 ,平均值电表测量交流电压的读数与其有效值的误差和使用该表应注意的事项  相似文献   

12.
Simulations of computerized adaptive tests (CATs) were used to evaluate results yielded by four commonly used ability estimation methods: maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and three Bayesian approaches—Owen's method, expected a posteriori (EAP), and maximum a posteriori. In line with the theoretical nature of the ability estimates and previous empirical research, the results showed clear distinctions between MLE and the Bayesian methods, with MLE yielding lower bias, higher standard errors, higher root mean square errors, lower fidelity, and lower administrative efficiency. Standard errors for MLE based on test information underestimated actual standard errors, whereas standard errors for the Bayesian methods based on posterior distribution standard deviations accurately estimated actual standard errors. Among the Bayesian methods, Owen's provided the worst overall results, and EAP provided the best. Using a variable starting rule in which examinees were initially classified into three broad/ability groups greatly reduced the bias for the Bayesian methods, but had little effect on the results for MLE. On the basis of these results, guidelines are offered for selecting appropriate CAT ability estimation methods in different decision contexts.  相似文献   

13.
Research in covariance structure analysis suggests that nonnormal data will invalidate chi‐square tests and produce erroneous standard errors. However, much remains unknown about the extent to and the conditions under which highly skewed and kurtotic data can affect the parameter estimates, standard errors, and fit indices. Using actual kurtotic and skewed data and varying sample sizes and estimation methods, we found that (a) normal theory maximum likelihood (ML) and generalized least squares estimators were fairly consistent and almost identical, (b) standard errors tended to underestimate the true variation of the estimators, but the problem was not very serious for large samples (n = 1,000) and conservative (99%) confidence intervals, and (c) the adjusted chi‐square tests seemed to yield acceptable results with appropriate sample sizes.  相似文献   

14.
采用相关原则的零件的尺寸公差和形位公差可以相互补偿,零件的尺寸公差和形位公差可以超出给定的公差值.对于尺寸公差和形位公差的补偿问题,教科书上一般只进行文字性说明,使初学者对该问题认识模糊,不能解决实际问题,如果把尺寸公差和形位公差的补偿关系用公式来表达,零件不同实际尺寸时所允许的形位误差,以及零件不同形位误差时所允许的尺寸范围都能用公式来计算,那么对于尺寸公差和形位公差的补偿问题,初学者就会有一个较为明确的认识.  相似文献   

15.
灵敏检流计内阻测量实验是电磁学实验中一个比较复杂有相当难度的实验 ,难就难在如何提高测量精度。本文结合实验教学中的实际情况对灵敏检流计内阻测量异常误差来源进行分析 ,并探讨如何提高测量精度  相似文献   

16.
在机械产品设计中,绝大多数情况下尺寸公差和形状、位置公差间的关系都采用独立原则。相关原则应用极少,但相关原则的意义重大,不容忽视,其中最大实体原则在实际生产中起着重要作用。本文对最大实体要求相关术语概念及应用等方面进行了分析。  相似文献   

17.
利用RFPA系统对不同围压条件下岩石的剪应力状态、最大主应力状态及宏观破坏模式进行模拟研究,为实际操作提供较精确的数据基础。  相似文献   

18.
针对光伏电池最大功率跟踪控制实验特点,为启发学生积极探索,以虚拟仿真实验对现有实验设备进行有效的补充,将理论分析与实际编程控制及调试完善很好结合,改革实验教学模式和考评办法,强化学生创新能力和综合能力培养。  相似文献   

19.
As the first step in a longitudinal investigation ofSwedish beginning readers' reading behaviour, thisstudy investigated the role of different linguisticlevels in beginning readers' oral reading. The 30participating beginning readers were all able to reada short running text without help. Recordings of theiroral readings of unfamiliar texts were video-recorded,transcribed and analysed as to linguistic consequencesof reading errors, and tendency to correct errors withdifferent linguistic consequences. The results revealthat the readers are sensitive to all of thelinguistic levels analysed: the majority of readingerrors lead to acceptable linguistic consequences,regardless of what linguistic level is analysed;moreover linguistically unacceptable errors weresignificantly more frequently corrected thanlinguistically acceptable errors, independent of thelinguistic level affected by the error.  相似文献   

20.
Data are presented which show striking differences between the characteristics of oral reading errors made to content and function words. Content word errors tend to be graphically similar but contextually unacceptable, whereas the reverse is true for errors made to function words — which are contextually acceptable but graphically dissimilar. This was true for two samples: for one child reading a total of 2,588 words, and for 12 children reading about 450 words each. There were however differences between the samples, and reasons for these are discussed. It is argued that some errors are better viewed not as errors in word recognition, but as post-recognition errors — that is, errors which occur even when the word has been correctly identified. The errors in this study are also compared with those made by an adult with acquired deep dyslexia reading words in isolation, and similarities between the two sets of errors were observed. Finally it is concluded that teachers and researchers should (1) categorize errors into visual, semantic, derivational and function word errors, (2) should calculate the proportion of function word errors, and (3) bear in mind that oral reading errors may occur even when words are correctly recognised.  相似文献   

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