共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Santosh Mehrotra 《Prospects》2014,44(2):267-277
In the first decade of this century, India became one of the world’s fastest growing large economies, and began to face serious skill-related shortages of workers. Its TVET system has not responded adequately to the growth in demand for semi-skilled and skilled workers. This article describes six sets of reforms that India’s educational planners and policy-makers must put into place if these shortages are not to constrain India’s ability to benefit from the demographic dividend. 相似文献
2.
The impending retirement of the baby boom cohort represents the first time in the history of the United States that such a large and well-educated group of workers will exit the labor force. This could imply skill shortages in the U.S. economy. We develop near-term labor force projections of the educational demands on the workforce and the supply of workers by education to assess the potential for skill imbalances to emerge. Based on our formal projections, we see little likelihood of skill shortages emerging by the end of this decade. More tentatively, though, skill shortages are more likely as all of the baby boomers retire in later years, and skill shortages are more likely in the near-term in states with large and growing immigrant populations. 相似文献
3.
Gerald A. Collins 《Journal of Career Development》2003,30(2):145-157
As the baby boomers begin to retire in great numbers later this decade, there will not be enough workers in younger age categories to replace them. In this review, an attempt is made to integrate the demographics of an aging workforce with the projected economic revitalization. Implications are discussed regarding the concept of retirement and the paradox of an oversized generation preparing to retire in the context of extended life expectancies and projected worker shortages. 相似文献
4.
Stuart Palmer Malcolm Campbell Elizabeth Johnson Jan West 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(5):989-1006
Recent national reports have highlighted the contribution that the sciences make to the Australian economy. Many developed economies report perceived shortages of STEM qualified workers, and at the same time, many science graduates have difficulty in finding work, especially work in their discipline. Rational education design dictates that science curricula at all levels should be based on a realistic representation of the actual practice of science graduates. So where do Australian science graduates go postgraduation? Using the Australian national census data set, we present a focussed investigation into the occupational status of Australian science bachelor graduates, how this status varies with graduate age and gender, how this status varies between science degree specialisms and how this status compares to a range of other disciplines. We consider the implications of these findings for undergraduate science degree curriculum design. We find that Australian science bachelor graduates work in a wide range of occupations, and even immediately postgraduation, only a minority of science bachelor graduates are working in traditional science occupations. Occupational outcomes vary significantly between science degree specialisms. For a contemporary undergraduate science curriculum to reflect the occupational outcomes of science bachelor graduates, there is a balance required to ensure adequate technical preparation for those students who pursue a career in their discipline as science professionals and to also address the broader knowledge, skills and attitudes that will equip the majority of graduates from Australian science programs for successful employment, further education and active participation in their communities, using their science knowledge. 相似文献
5.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(4):80-81
In the forty years since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, Tibet's achievements in politics, economics, and culture, obtained under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, have attracted worldwide attention. Tibet's education has also undergone fundamental changes, and a multilayered and multiformatted educational network extending from preschool education to basic education, ordinary tertiary education, vocational/technical education, and adult education has already basically taken shape. Or course, because of the constraints of various factors, the level of productive forces in Tibet is still very low compared to the that in the interior regions, and its economic development is uneven. The agricultural and pastoral districts, where natural, insular, and supply-type economies predominate, basically depend on nature for farming and animal husbandry, and their ability to resist natural calamities is poor. A number of simple scientific and technological achievements that practice has proven to be effective and amenable to popularization can hardly be used, and excellent natural advantages cannot be turned into economic advantages. In industrial enterprises, economic returns are poor because of meager foundations and irrational product structures. But the principal reason is the low quality of the workers. Statistics compiled in 1988 among people of various professions in Tibet indicate that the proportion of people with college, senior middle school, junior middle school, and primary school educations as well as illiterates and semi-literates is 1:26:70:102 [sic], and that 93.7 percent of the illiterates and semi-literates are workers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery. In the present era of constantly deepening reforms of the economic system and of a thriving commodity economy, there is an acute shortage of trained personnel in all Tibet's trades and professions, and the contradictions engendered by the low quality of personnel are coming increasingly to the fore. Raising the quality of the people, vigorously developing education, and, in particular, developing vocational/technical education that rapidly converts science and technology into forces of production are matters of increasing urgency. 相似文献
6.
尔肯·阿不都卡德尔 《新疆职业大学学报》2010,18(2):24-26
通过对我国技术工人短缺现状的阐述,对短缺的成因进行了深层次的分析,提出了加大职业教育投资以及企业培训力度,完善技术工人激励机制等来缓解技术工人短缺的措施和办法。 相似文献
7.
Evidence suggests that teacher shortages in Western Society, largely attributable to social and economic change, are threatening the future of school education in many developed economies. Questions concerning the subject areas affected and the impact teacher shortages have on schools and on pupil learning are topics of mounting speculation. In contrast to the increasing body of research undertaken to explore these issues in other parts of the UK, much less is known about staffing patterns in post‐primary schools in Northern Ireland. This paper seeks to inform the debate and to present findings from the perceptions and experiences of 136 post‐primary school principals. Results suggest that most principals have experienced recruitment difficulties in a range of subjects; those most frequently cited include the sciences, particularly physics, mathematics, technology and design, home economics and ICT. Principals believe that staff shortages not only have a negative impact on teaching and learning but are also set to increase. This paper discusses these findings and argues the need for intervention and a change in government policy to break this self‐perpetuating cycle. 相似文献
8.
The politics of mergers in higher education in South Africa 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
How do political forces come together to influence merger forms and outcomes? This question is posed in a context of an analysis of the forms and outcomes of three “case studies” of mergers that took place in South Africa in the past decade. The theoretical stance, borne out by the data under review, places political actors at the centre of the explanation for change and continuity in the merger of institutions. While there are clearly broad lessons that could apply in other national contexts, the paper recognises that the fact that most published studies on mergers originate in established economies like those of Norway, Australia, England, the USA. The paper poses the question, therefore: do mergers follow different processes and deliver different outcomes in the social, economic and political contexts of third world institutions? 相似文献
9.
改革开放以来,大量的农村剩余劳动力向城镇转移,形成了声势浩大的“民工潮”,但进城农民工与城市的关系表现出矛盾的不和谐的态势。农民工进城后不能很好地融入和适应城市环境,这对我国“三农”问题的解决和城市化的推进具有不利影响。农民工的城市适应主要有经济、社会和心理三个层面。当前有诸多因素影响到农民工对城市的适应,对此应采取相应措施,使农民工真正融入城市,更好地适应城市生活。 相似文献
10.
宋尚桂 《青岛大学师范学院学报》2014,(3):60-67
大学心理服务是大学教育工作的重要组成部分。目前我国大学心理服务宏观管理体制在认识观念、机构体系建设、管理队伍专业化、管理政策与法律环境以及发展规划制定等方面还存在诸多问题。我国大学心理服务宏观管理体制改革需要明确主管部门的管理职能．制定和完善大学心理服务机构及人员的准入制度,健全大学心理服务专业评价与监督机制．充分发挥心理学专业学术组织在推动心理服务工作中的专业服务和引导作用。 相似文献
11.
Children need a balanced set of cognitive, social and emotional capabilities to adapt to today's demanding, changing and unpredictable world. OECD countries and partner economies recognise the importance on the holistic development of individuals. However, there are big gaps between stakeholders' knowledge, expectations and practices on how to foster such skills. This paper presents evidence on the importance of social and emotional skills; on how policy makers and schools are currently enhancing and monitoring such skills; and, on the existing gaps between knowledge, expectations and practices to mobilise these skills. The paper concludes by pointing ways in which education stakeholders can do more to better develop and mobilise the skills that drive individual's well-being and social progress. The paper draws on findings and frameworks that are being published in a full OECD report entitled ‘Skills for Social Progress: the Power of Social and Emotional Skills’ in the first half of 2015. 相似文献
12.
Institutions of higher education are looked to by society as the training grounds and gatekeepers for college-trained workers.
However, despite a long history of being viewed by many as unresponsive to labor force needs, the academy has not found ways
of effectively meeting these demands, nor articulating why it is that they have difficulty doing so. This paper discusses
how institutional researchers can help explain to campus administrators and others the role that institutions play in training
individuals for the workplace, and why they cannot always quickly respond to and solve shortages of college-trained workers.
The first section outlines what economic theory and research has to say regarding labor markets, how labor market shortages
arise, and how students make decisions about which major to pursue. The last section describes problems institutional researchers
face when using their skills with data to identify solutions to this problem. Using data from the state of New Hampshire,
it will be shown that the data available to institutional decisionmakers can be out of date, inaccurate, and not particularly
useful for designing policies that would enable an institution to respond to the labor needs of the economy. 相似文献
13.
沈渝 《四川教育学院学报》2009,25(1):1-5
农民工在城市的绝大多数职业属于非正规经济,流动性高、工作辛苦、收入低,在城市的职业分类中明显处于边缘状态。而工作本身的边缘化对农民工融入城市社会、工人阶级认知的形成、人力资本的积累以及他们的城市生存状态产生了不利的影响。因此需要从制度的层面改善农民工的就业环境。 相似文献
14.
Professional shortages of geriatrically trained social workers pose a barrier to mental health care for older adults. Integrating graduate social work interns into primary care settings may increase the availability of trained social workers. However, few studies provide guidance on how to develop an interprofessional healthcare placement focused on the needs of older adults. This article discusses a model training program created by a psychology department (with input from social work faculty) that can be adapted by schools of social work. Client outcomes (n = 47) indicate significant improvement when using this model. 相似文献
15.
John Flemming 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(3):37-44
This article presents and discusses in slightly paradoxical terms the increasing action of market forces in the academic world in the United Kingdom as set against the transition in eastern and central Europe of centrally planned economies to market economies. The process in neither case is simple, nor does it necessarily deliver the desired results. For instance, can the massive job losses associated with privatization, East and West, really be construed as liberation? Since in the United Kingdom markets for health and education will always retain a degree of artificiality, their privatization must be undertaken with particular care of a kind which is not necessarily forthcoming. The tentative conclusion is that higher education will have to come to grips with the market whether it be considered inspiring or insidious. 相似文献
16.
陈跃兵 《扬州职业大学学报》2001,5(3):16-20
生产力是以自然为条件的生产力，生产力的可持续发展必须以保护自然为条件。现代生产力的主体已由劳动嬗变为科学技术和全面的劳动。重塑生产力概念必须代表先进生产力的发展要求。 相似文献
17.
Joan A. Royle Jennifer Blythe Kevin Brazil Maureen Montemuro Anne Church Fred Cipryk 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(3):189-205
As alternate care levels are transferred from hospital to community settings, health care workers in long term care are caring for individuals where conditions are more medically complex. In response to this situation decision makers in long term care are pursuing the goal of practice based on the best evidence. Identifying the information needs of health care workers in this environment represents the first step towards cultivating a best practice culture in long term care. The purpose of this study was to identify what information resources staff need to improve clinical and managerial decision making. The perceptions of health care workers at two long term care organizations were investigated through quantitative and qualitative methods, using a questionnaire and focus groups. In each of the settings there were gaps in the availability of resources and perceived needs for education. The findings from both settings revealed the need for more information resources to assist staff to improve individual care of residents and develop better approaches to health problems. 相似文献
18.
Ann M. Nichols-Casebolt 《Research in higher education》1993,34(5):583-601
It has been argued that one of the most pressing concerns for higher education during the next two decades is going to be the shortage of faculty. Unfortunately, there are also projections that institutions will continue to experience significant budget reductions. Current fiscal realities and projections of increasing faculty shortages suggest that in the short run market forces will be the predominant determinant of salary adjustments for many institutions. However, responding purely to market forces in an academic setting challenges fundamental values about equity and the merit of a given professor's work. This paper discusses how one major public university used faculty input in its process of distributing salary dollars specifically designated as market adjustment monies. Findings from an analysis of data on faculty perceptions about the process and its outcomes indicated that, net of receiving an adjustment, the more opportunity faculty members have had to be involved in the salary adjustment process, the greater their level of satisfaction with its outcomes. 相似文献
19.
Neels Botha Jeff Coutts Hein Roth 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2):125-138
Abstract The aim of this study was to understand the role that agricultural consultants in New Zealand were undertaking in the Research, Development and Extension (RD&E) system—and in particular in relation to environmental extension. New Zealand does not have a public extension service and hence there is a strong reliance on consultants and regional councils for environmental management information and advice. As they are independent of the formal RD&E system there is no guarantee that RD&E outcomes are reaching farmers, nor that effective environmental extension is occurring. The study used a combination of case studies, phone interviews with informed persons and a national web survey to explore the role of the consultant. The study found that agricultural consultants are playing an important role in working with farmers to improve agricultural production. There are, however, indications that gaps have developed over time between agricultural consultants and the agricultural research sector which limit the effectiveness of the RD&E system. Agricultural consultants are playing a minimal role in proactive environmental extension because insufficient market forces are driving this role. The paper suggests that a national database of agricultural consultants could improve the flow of tailored information between research and agricultural consultants and also suggests mechanisms where consultants could be better integrated into the RD&E system and provide feedback to research programs. Market failure in the area of environmental extension could be addressed by publicly funded incentive programs. 相似文献
20.
农民工在经济社会发展中的作用日益凸显。目前,我国农民工教育培训因循守旧,存在教育培训的内容和组织形式单一,师资队伍质的保障低和量的稳定性低,经费来源渠道单一、社会力量投资不积极,办学主体各自为政、资源整合不到位等问题。而英国工人教育协会敢于革故鼎新,具有满足个人、社会发展需求的课程设置,涵盖专职、兼职和志愿者的师资结构,涵括政府、地方和社会力量的资金来源,自身独立兼具注重合作的办学手段等特点。因此,我国农民工教育培训应借鉴工人教育协会的办学经验,力求教育培训的内容和组织形式多样化,建设囊括专职、兼职教师及志愿者的师资队伍,筹集多渠道的办学经费,注重校企合作、产学结合的办学手段。 相似文献