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1.
ABSTRACT

Background: Attendance of university students at their timetabled teaching sessions is usually associated with higher levels of educational attainment. Attendance is usually considered to reflect students’ level of engagement with their course and to be critical to student success; despite the potential for technological alternatives, lectures and other face-to-face sessions still tend to be the primary method of teaching at university.

Purpose: Here we review studies which have investigated these determinants of attendance in order to gain a better understanding of whether – and how – Higher Education Institutions are able to improve attendance rates.

Sources of evidence: Electronic databases (e.g. ERIC, Web of Science) were used to identify articles exploring attendance in Higher Education settings.

Main argument: Some of the most debated determinants of attendance are reviewed: teaching issues (e.g. quality, style and format); effects of university expectations and policy (e.g. mandating attendance, awarding grades for attendance); scheduling issues; provision of materials online; and the effects of individual factors arguably outside of the Higher Education Institution’s control (e.g. finance, student employment, student demographics and psychological factors).

Conclusions: It is suggested that, although some individual factors influence student attendance and are arguably out of the control of HEIs, it is possible for them to facilitate attendance through adjustments to aspects of degree delivery such as attendance policies and monitoring, timetabling and style of teaching. Implications for policies on the recording of lectures, curriculum design and student term-time working are also discussed. Future research on student attendance should include longer and larger studies which simultaneously consider a range of influences; examining both inter- and intra-individual variability and different types of teaching sessions.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT

This reflection on practice describes the first fifty days of a professional transition from student affairs into academic development. Campus collaborations, educational experiences, and holistic student learning are identified as professional parallels between these two institutional divisions. Professionals from student affairs can uniquely contribute to academic development because of their ability to view the campus as a working system and the student as a whole person. This reflection describes how a student affairs background can be a valuable addition and asset to academic development teams.  相似文献   

3.
Background: Science educators have sought to structure collaborative inquiry learning through the assignment of static group roles. This structural approach to student grouping oversimplifies the complexities of peer collaboration and overlooks the highly dynamic nature of group activity.

Purpose: This study addresses this issue of oversimplification of group dynamics by examining the social leadership structures that emerge in small student groups during science inquiry.

Sample: Two small student groups investigating the burning of a candle under a jar participated in this study.

Design and method: We used a mixed-method research approach that combined computational discourse analysis (computational quantification of social aspects of small group discussions) with microethnography (qualitative, in-depth examination of group discussions).

Results: While in one group social leadership was decentralized (i.e., students shared control over topics and tasks), the second group was dominated by a male student (centralized social leadership). Further, decentralized social leadership was found to be paralleled by higher levels of student cognitive engagement.

Conclusions: It is argued that computational discourse analysis can provide science educators with a powerful means of developing pedagogical models of collaborative science learning that take into account the emergent nature of group structures and highly fluid nature of student collaboration.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

Student participation at school is receiving heightened attention through international evidence connecting it to a range of benefits including student learning, engagement, citizenship and wellbeing, as well as to overall school improvement. Yet the notion of student participation remains an ambiguous concept, and one that challenges many deeply entrenched norms of traditional schooling.

Informed by understandings of ‘participation’ linked to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, this article takes the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) as a case study to explore how student participation is currently articulated in educational policy. It reports the findings of an analysis of 142 state and federal government policy-related documents, along with qualitative interview data from nine policy personnel. The findings suggest that students are conceptualised within these policies in contradictory ways, interpretations of participation are diverse yet frequently instrumentalist, and there is little conceptual coherence across the educational policy landscape in NSW in relation to ‘student participation’. The findings are discussed in light of international interest around student participation. The analytical framework used in this analysis is proposed as a possible tool for critically examining the place and purpose of student participation at school, regardless of jurisdiction.

Abbrevations: NSW = the Australian state of New South Wales; UNCRC = United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child; SRC = Student Representative Council  相似文献   

5.
After decades of fluctuating presence in gifted education, the arts are surprisingly establishing themselves in academic classrooms, spurred by arts integration with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curricula or science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM). This renewed interest provides the opportunity to recognize the artistic process as an effective way to deepen and enlarge the scope of academic content. Teachers can readily identify potentially talented students in their classrooms who immerse themselves in arts activities. Students in every classroom, if provided with substantive arts integrated curricula, can learn to perceive with discrimination, metaperceptively mold creative interpretations, and communicate these performances/products expressively to others with insightful critiques. Artistic ways of knowing mirror the artistic process and provide the opportunity for every student in every classroom to think like an artist.  相似文献   

6.
Teaching Trauma     
Abstract

Teaching about psychological trauma presents many challenges for the instructor, including creating an atmosphere of safety and confidentiality in the classroom, as well as handling student reactions to traumatic material. This paper describes the author's experience in a case-work practice class session where the topic of trauma produced an unexpected disclosure by a student; student and instructor reaction to that disclosure; the integration of the material and reactions into the content of the class session; and follow-up in the next session of the class.  相似文献   

7.
《师资教育杂志》2012,38(2):149-159

The effectiveness of a dyadic relationship between student teacher and individual child, referred to as 'mentoring', is examined. Interviews between student teacher and teacher educator revealed that student teachers benefited from the experience in their understanding of children, especially those at risk. They also improved interpersonal and teaching skills. These effects could be enhanced by supervisor guidance.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

In Australia, the university ethics approval process is guided by the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. The National Statement does not provide a hurdle to be overcome or avoided, nor is it a Godzilla-like monster that must be slain for truth to survive. Rather the National Statement provides an affirmation of an abiding respect for all life and a mechanism for beginning the intelligent questioning, theorization and contextualization for a work of art. Focusing specifically on the emergent discipline of artistic research, this article addresses the question of how the supervisory process may take on the ‘spirit’ of the National Statement to engender genuine ethical debate, rather than merely focus on the instrumental obstacles that seem to get in the way of the research. It specifically addresses the emergent field of artistic research and the concomitant resistance to ethical regulation of artistic research, in which bureaucratic instrumentalism and compliance or censorship are considered to potentially emasculate the vitality of an art work and the ability of art to serve as a truthsayer or agent provocateur. In this, the attitude of the supervisor toward research ethics in artistic research is considered a key factor in determining their students attitudes towards the ethics process. This article will present several initiatives undertaken with the intent of more fully engaging supervisors and students with research ethics.  相似文献   

9.
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10.
Abstract

Studies of individual environmental education (EE) field trip programs have found that pre-visit preparation and post-visit follow-up activities can enhance desired student outcomes. We examined these relationships across a broad sample of single-day EE field trip programs for adolescent youth (grades 5-8) across the United States. We measured student outcomes, reflecting environmental literacy, 21st century skills, positive youth development, and student learning, through end-of-visit retrospective student surveys and follow-up surveys with visiting teachers two weeks after the field trip. Pre-visit logistical preparation as well as both pre-visit preparation and post-visit follow-up related to the subject matter were each associated with more positive student outcomes. The study provides further evidence across a large sample of programs that pre-visit preparation and post-visit follow-up can have meaningful impacts on student outcomes for EE field trips. We discuss the implications of the findings and provide examples and guidance for future programming efforts.  相似文献   

11.
《师资教育杂志》2012,38(2):179-181
ABSTRACT

This study explores student teachers’ perceptions of a Faculty of Education. A content analysis was conducted of open‐ended comments from a sample of student teachers at a large Canadian university. Over 90% of these comments reflect the student teachers’ experiences which are interpreted in terms of three dimensions of alienation — powerlessness, meaninglessness, and self‐estrangement. These experiences are seen as the antithesis of the organizational conditions that are necessary for effective professional socialization. The exten‐siveness and consistency of the student teachers’ comments suggest that the organizational conditions provided by the faculty should be improved so that the student teachers are more adequately socialized.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

This article describes the effectiveness of the Structured Simulation Training Method (SSTM) as a pedagogical too] to prepare student teachers for work in inclusive early childhood settings. Simulations are a performance‐based methodology designed to allow student teachers to directly experience issues in diversity and practice interpersonal communication, consultation and decision‐making skills. Qualitative methodologies were employed to analyze data collected from student reactions to interactions with simulated clients. Themes that emerged from the data suggest that the SSTM allows student teachers to socially construct professional knowledge, improve attitudes about diversity and practice effective interpersonal skills in a realistic but supportive learning environment.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

This study investigated the mediating roles of self-efficacy and anxiety on the effects of teacher–student relationship on mathematical problem-solving ability. A total of 1667 fifth graders from central China participated in the large-scale survey. The findings indicated that (1) teacher–student relationship had a direct and positive effect on students’ mathematical problem-solving ability; (2) the positive link between teacher–student relationship and mathematical problem-solving ability was partially mediated through self-efficacy; (3) the teacher–student relationship affected students’ mathematical problem-solving ability through self-efficacy and maths anxiety, but the effect of self-efficacy on mathematical anxiety was smaller. Implications for the importance of teacher–student relationships in education as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Book Reviews     
Abstract

The basic problem of this investigation was to explore the attitudes of student teachers in elementary education before and after their student teaching experience in an effort to determine whether attitudinal change had occurred. The sample consisted of forty-four senior students enrolled as student teachers in elementary education at Indiana University.

A situational type teacher attitude scale was developed and validated, and the reliability coefficient of .80 was established. The test was administered to the student teachers at the begining and again at the end of their student teaching.

The data was analyzed using chi square and the McNemar test for the significance of change in the expressed attitudes of the student teachers.

1. The Lipscomb Scale of Teacher Attitudes appears to have reasonable validity and reliability for the measurement of expressed teacher attitudes.

2. Significant change occurs in the expressed attitudes of student teachers during their student teaching experience. This was found to be true at better than the .001 level of confidence.  相似文献   

15.

Dotti researched how students in her tertiary dance class ascribed personal meaning to her use of different dance pedagogies. Jane was involved in the supervision of her thesis within the research process. However, what they discovered was a tension between researching and writing about artistic experiences within the confines and limitations of traditional academic scholarship. In this article each tells her story and shares how these tensions were or were not addressed. They then look at what a thesis is and what different forms of thesis presentation have been used. Finally, some suggestions are offered as to how both academic scholarship and artistic integrity might be maintained in a formal research process. The authors suggest that as an academic community there is a need to seek new ways of researching creative fields, such as dance, so that the academic process does not strangle the artistic endeavor.  相似文献   

16.
创作是艺术的特征，培养学生的创作能力是色彩教学的主要任务。在教学中，教师应该注意加强学生基本功的训练，这是创作的前提；应该针对学生特点正确运用教学方法，通过多种途径培养学生的创作能力。  相似文献   

17.

This paper describes an attempt to introduce greater variety into the learning experiences of students studying physics as part of a Science and Engineering Foundation Programme at Loughborough University. Approximately one-tenth of the content of a Foundation Year physics course was delivered in a supported self-study format instead of the usual lecture/tutorial mode. The outcomes were evaluated in terms of student achievement and student opinion. Achievement was mixed and opinion was divided. However, the student response was sufficiently encouraging for the initiative to be extended for a further academic year after which time re-evaluation will take place to determine the longer-term plans for course modification.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

This paper examines the processes of regulation of student learning that are associated with formative assessment in the classroom. It discusses the concept of co-regulation and presents a model of co-regulation developed in a situated perspective on classroom learning. This model conceptualises co-regulated learning as resulting from the joint influence of student self-regulation and of sources of regulation in the learning environment: namely, the structure of the teaching/learning situation, the teacher’s interventions and interactions with students, the interactions between students, and the tools used for instruction and for assessment. Examples of research showing how co-regulation functions are discussed, in particular students’ use of tools for self-assessment and peer assessment, and the role of teacher–student interactions that encourage active student participation in formative assessment.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Student attrition remains a persistent problem within the Australian higher education sector. Contributing factors include financial, reputational and quality issues, which can pose significant risks for a university’s sustainability. Institutional culture is fundamental to decisions student make about withdrawing or remaining in higher education. Therefore, student retention requires a sustained, deeply embedded commitment from all parts of the institution, placing student experience at the forefront of all activities in the student lifecycle. Applying a lifecycle approach to the way in which institutions think about student retention benefits students by providing comprehensive and consistent support. Given that less is known about how professional staff contribute to student academic learning journeys as part of whole of institution responses to student retention, this paper focusses on the contributions that professional staff make within the student lifecycle and how they can most readily map their contributions to student retention and success.  相似文献   

20.

While criminal justice undergraduate enrollments continue to burgeon, rarely do criminal justice departments conduct comprehensive surveys of their majors as part of the baccalaureate curriculum review process. This paper describes one such survey completed by 238 criminal justice majors at Wayne State University in Detroit. Major survey findings are presented along with their implications for student and faculty diversity, curriculum design, teaching and grading methods, student advising, and department administration.  相似文献   

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