共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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社会定向是指个体在注意选择过程中对社会刺激优先觉察和注视的倾向。社会定向缺陷是孤独症谱系障碍者的核心缺陷。主要表现为3个方面：社会刺激注视时间比例更低;首次注视社会刺激潜伏期更长;首次注视社会刺激试次比例更小。目前,该缺陷的研究范式多样,如注视偏好范式采用眼动技术直接探讨社会定向缺陷的眼动特征,视觉探测、视觉搜索和中断连续闪光抑制范式采用手动按键方式分析孤独症社会定向缺陷行为特征。社会定向缺陷会受到测量范式、被试性别、社会刺激复杂程度和凝视与声音线索的影响。未来,应该进一步区分孤独症社会定向亚型,研发有效眼动检测算法,整合相关影响因素,并开发具体有效的干预策略。 相似文献
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该研究的目的在于,考察父母接受培训后在自然的家庭生活环境中对孤独症儿童实施共同注意干预训练的效果.研究采用多基线设计,通过培训家长对三名平均年龄为46.6月的被试进行为期八周、四个阶段的干预,发现孤独症儿童共同注意行为及社会互动行为均有不同程度的改善.在被试的主动性和响应性共同注意、工具性和交流性共同注意、高强度和低强度刺激下的共同注意三方面,干预效果呈现不同特征且具有个体间差异.通过对结果的讨论,研究分析了促进干预取得成效的因素以及后续研究的方向. 相似文献
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采用空间线索任务,以身体攻击图片和表情图片两类实验材料,对暴力游戏玩家的注意偏向机制及其时间进程进行探讨.结果发现,暴力游戏对个体注意偏向的影响主要表现为:玩家对于他们所熟悉的身体攻击图片,在线索仅呈现100 ms时即产生对攻击信息的注意警觉,在500 ms时该注意偏向消失;对于表情图片,暴力游戏玩家在线索呈现500 ms时表现出对负性表情和愉快表情的注意回避,在1 250 ms时注意回避消失.从而表明,暴力游戏经验与个体对相关信息的注意偏向的改变有关,且这种改变依赖于刺激内容及加工时程. 相似文献
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研究选取了注意缺损多动障碍儿童34名,普通儿童36名,采用选择性注意任务,考察在目标刺激的知觉负荷高低两种情况下,注意缺损多动障碍儿童面对不同干扰程度的分心刺激时,对其的过滤能力是否落后。结果发现,注意缺损多动障碍儿童过滤分心刺激的能力是否落后取决于目标刺激的知觉负荷的高低:(1)在低知觉负荷任务中,不相容分心刺激对两组儿童的干扰程度要大于面对中性分心刺激时受到的干扰。但是注意缺损多动障碍组儿童受到的干扰效应要大于普通组儿童,说明注意缺损多动障碍组儿童过滤分心刺激的能力落后,并出现在注意选择的晚期阶段;(2)在高知觉负荷任务中,所有被试都没有因为分心刺激干扰程度的不同而受到不同的影响,即过滤中性分心刺激与不相容分心刺激的模式一样。 相似文献
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听障伴孤独症特质儿童存在社会沟通与交往障碍,且相对单一障碍类型表现得更为突出。研究发现,在评估方面,当前主要参照孤独症及儿童发育评估的一些工具,将直接和间接评估相结合,对听障伴孤独症特质儿童的非语言线索、语言能力进行评估。在干预方面,目前主要使用图片交换沟通系统、辅助沟通系统等直接干预策略,以及对儿童进行行为干预、对儿童父母进行相关培训等间接策略提高该类儿童的社会沟通与交往能力。基于以上研究,可通过动态调整教育安置、灵活运用优势感觉通道、综合干预、多学科干预等方式对该类儿童进行干预。 相似文献
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正儿童孤独症又称儿童自闭症,在婴幼儿时期表现为社交沟通障碍和行为刻板,是一种广泛性发育障碍综合症。它是一种对儿童、家庭和社会影响重大的残障疾病。笔者在从事孤独症儿童康复教育过程中,发现许多孤独症儿童的饮食行为与正常儿童存在较大的差异,这对孤独症儿童的身心健康发展及家长的生活造成了不同程度的影响。笔者通过问卷调查,对孤独症儿童的饮食行为进行分析,同时例举了一些康复训练的方法,以期对家长及康复训练师提供帮助。一、孤独症儿童偏食行为的原因分 相似文献
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共同注意是孤独症儿童的核心缺陷,在孤独症儿童群体中具有基础性、典型性与普遍性。共同注意与儿童的语言、模仿、游戏及社会互动等能力关系密切,积极地对孤独症儿童的共同注意进行干预对其生涯发展意义重大。本文利用PROQUEST和EBSCO两大数据库,搜索了国外2000-2019年间发表的有关孤独症儿童共同注意干预的文献,从研究设计、干预方法及干预结果等方面对相关干预研究的特征进行了分析,并在此基础上为后续干预的展开提出了反思与展望。 相似文献
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有相当一部分孤独症儿童存在语言缺陷,发音极少甚至没有口语,建立口语行为对于他们而言是重要任务。“刺激—刺激配对”程序的假设是将发音建立成条件强化物,可以用来增加无口语孤独症儿童的发音。通过筛选的13篇采用“刺激—刺激配对”程序干预孤独症儿童发音的实证研究,从语言技能评估、刺激偏好评量、目标行为、“刺激—刺激配对”程序的实施、干预效果这五个方面对文献进行深入分析,并为未来研究提出了五点建议。 相似文献
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Automatic attention cueing by perceived changes in gaze direction was studied in 2-year-old children with autism and typically developing (TD) controls using a visual attention cueing paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2 the cue consisted of an eye movement (Eyes) and a nonbiological movement (SimEyes), respectively. The results suggest that visual attention in children with autism and their TD counterparts is cued by perceived eye movement. Thus, although in naturalistic situations toddlers with autism do not follow the gaze of others, they are sensitive to directional cues inherent in eye movement. Cue-specific differences in performance related to the level of engagement and cue-processing time may suggest reliance on different underlying strategies for gaze processing in autism. 相似文献
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Stefanie Hoehl Vincent M. Reid Eugenio Parise rea Handl Letizia Palumbo Tricia Striano 《Child development》2009,80(4):968-985
The importance of eye gaze as a means of communication is indisputable. However, there is debate about whether there is a dedicated neural module, which functions as an eye gaze detector and when infants are able to use eye gaze cues in a referential way. The application of neuroscience methodologies to developmental psychology has provided new insights into early social cognitive development. This review integrates findings on the development of eye gaze processing with research on the neural mechanisms underlying infant and adult social cognition. This research shows how a cognitive neuroscience approach can improve our understanding of social development and autism spectrum disorder. 相似文献
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In humans, effortful cognitive processing frequently takes place during social interaction, with eye contact being an important component. This study shows that the effect of eye contact on memory for nonsocial information is different in children with typical development than in children with autism, a disorder of social communication. Direct gaze facilitated memory performance in children with typical development (n = 25, 6 years old), but no such facilitation was seen in the clinical group (n = 10, 6 years old). Eye tracking conducted during the cognitive test revealed strikingly similar patterns of eye movements, indicating that the results cannot be explained by differences in overt attention. Collectively, these findings have theoretical significance and practical implications for testing practices in children. 相似文献
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Andy Kempe 《Support for Learning》2014,29(3):261-274
Families living with autism often feel unable to attend social and cultural events, largely due to the fear of their child attracting negative or even aggressive reactions from others. The ‘joint attention’ that is part of the theatre experience, however, may be a powerful factor in the development of social and communication skills for such children. ‘Relaxed performances’ offer an opportunity for them to access and engage with theatre by making special arrangements designed to reduce tensions associated with visits to public places. Aspects of the production such as the use of lighting and sound effects which may trigger adverse reactions are also adjusted. This paper reports on how one local theatre drew on the findings of a national project to mount a ‘relaxed performance’ of their annual pantomime. It discusses the theatre's preparations and presents evidence of the impact the event had on local children with autism and their families. The success of both the national project and this local one marks a new beginning for improved access to the theatre for an audience that has hitherto felt largely excluded. 相似文献
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共同注意的缺陷是自闭症儿童最重要的症状之一,其区分度高于游戏、模仿技能等早期指标,能够筛查出80％-90％的自闭症儿童。自闭症儿童共同注意的训练能够促进和带动其他领域的发展,是自闭症儿童干预的关键技能。本研究主要运用提示和辅导的方法,注重道具的使用和家长的作用,对1名自闭症儿童的共同注意行为进行训练,以探讨提高自闭症儿童共同注意行为的方法。 相似文献
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Do Children with Autism Use the Speaker's Direction of Gaze Strategy to Crack the Code of Language? 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Normal toddlers infer the referent of a novel word by consulting the Speaker's direction of Gaze. That is, they use the Speaker's Direction of Gaze (SDG) strategy. This is a far more powerful strategy than the alternative, the Listener's Direction of Gaze (LDG) strategy. In Study 1 we tested if children with autism, who have well-documented impairments in joint attention, used the SDG or the LDG strategy to learn a novel word for a novel object. Results showed that although 70.6% of children with mental handicap passed the test by making the correct mapping between a novel word and a novel object, via the SDG strategy, only 29.4% of children with autism did so. Instead, their reliance on the LDG strategy led to mapping errors. In Study 2 a group of normal children, whose chronological age (24 months old) was eqated with the verbal mental age of the 2 clinical groups in Study I, was tested using a similar procedure. Results showed that 79% of this normal group passed the test by making the correct mapping between a novel word and a novel object using the SDG strategy. Taken together, the results from both studies suggest that children with autism are relatively insensitive to a speaker's gaze direction as an index of the speaker's intention to refer . This result is consistent with previous findings showing that children with autism are relatively "blind" to the mentalistic significance of the eyes. Discussion centers on how the absence of an SDG strategy might disrupt specific aspects of language development in autism. 相似文献
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The present article shows that infant and dyad differences in hand–eye coordination predict dyad differences in joint attention (JA). In the study reported here, 51 toddlers ranging in age from 11 to 24 months and their parents wore head‐mounted eye trackers as they played with objects together. We found that physically active toddlers aligned their looking behavior with their parent and achieved a substantial proportion of time spent jointly attending to the same object. However, JA did not arise through gaze following but rather through the coordination of gaze with manual actions on objects as both infants and parents attended to their partner's object manipulations. Moreover, dyad differences in JA were associated with dyad differences in hand following. 相似文献
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Does Gaze Direction Modulate Facial Expression Processing in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Hironori Akechi Atsushi Senju Yukiko Kikuchi Yoshikuni Tojo Hiroo Osanai Toshikazu Hasegawa 《Child development》2009,80(4):1134-1146
Two experiments investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) integrate relevant communicative signals, such as gaze direction, when decoding a facial expression. In Experiment 1, typically developing children (9–14 years old; n = 14) were faster at detecting a facial expression accompanying a gaze direction with a congruent motivational tendency (i.e., an avoidant facial expression with averted eye gaze) than those with an incongruent motivational tendency. Children with ASD (9–14 years old; n = 14) were not affected by the gaze direction of facial stimuli. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2, which presented only the eye region of the face to typically developing children ( n = 10) and children with ASD ( n = 10). These results demonstrated that children with ASD do not encode and/or integrate multiple communicative signals based on their affective or motivational tendency. 相似文献