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Élodie Grossi 《Endeavour》2021,45(1-2):100766
To the keen observer of American political and medical history, a disturbing set of debates surrounded the sanity of free Black residents of the United States of America after the publication of the controversial 1840 census returns on race and insanity. This article analyzes how the census became a battlefield where physicians and other commentators fought over—and thus shaped—various political meanings of Black insanity before and after the American Civil War, up until the 1890s, as the South underwent a massive political and social transformation, from slavery to emancipation. It also highlights the arguments raised by authors such as James McCune Smith and Ramón de la Sagra who attempted to disprove the returns shortly after their publication, and whose arguments contributed to efforts to combat scientific racism. 相似文献
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《Endeavour》2019,43(1-2):25-31
How did ordinary people – artisans, laborers, servants, and children – come to know the Newtonian universe? And what effects did this knowledge have on how they contextualized their place in society? When it appeared in 1733, Henry Bridges’ “Modern Microcosm” promised to give paying customers a view of the entire universe ingeniously recreated in a ten-foot-tall automaton theater. A hit with audiences, this clockwork wonder was displayed in Britain and the American colonies until disappearing mysteriously in the 1770s. This paper attempts to recover non-elite understandings of public science by examining the career of an astronomical wonder in the rowdy marketplace of ideas that was the London show scene. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2005,(4)
Supported by the US NationalScience Foundation and theNational Natural ScienceFoundation of China, a rare anden dang er e d f er n, I s oe t e shypsophila, was discovered by aSino-US research team headed byProf. SUN Hang from the CASKunming Institute of Botany (KIB)and Dr. David E. Boufford fromHarvard University in a recent tripto Jiulong, Sichuan, during its bo-tanical survey in the HengduanMountains in south China. Scien-tists say the plant is found for thefirst time in the r… 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):323-339
This paper studies the evolution of the photovoltaics industry in Australia, Germany and Japan taking a comparative perspective. A modification of the sectoral innovation system framework is used to discuss: knowledge and technologies, actors and interactions, institutions and funding, development of markets and technological structure, as a way to understand the changes. In the process of transition from niche to mass production, national players have specialised in different activities, and the institutions’ building block has been a key determinant. In the case of Australia, it is also the least developed area which ultimately exposes the country to losing its innovation benefits. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2006,(3)
CAS and the Max Planck Society (MPS) for the Ad- vancement of Science have established two more partner groups in China. On August 3, CAS President LU Yongxiang and MPS President Peter Gruss were present at the inaugural ceremony of the groups in Shanghai… 相似文献
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Although previous research indicates a variety of facilitators of knowledge transfer, many firms still suffer from knowledge transfer difficulties. This study explores the relational antecedents of knowledge transfer by integrating the motivation–opportunity–ability framework with a social network approach, which emphasizes the relations among people rather than their attributes. To rigorously validate causal relations among network variables, the social networks of employees in a research and development department were surveyed twice in 6 months. A regression analysis with 76 × 76 networks using a multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure showed that opportunity and motivation were the first- and second-most influential factors for knowledge transfer, respectively. There was a marginal, but statistically significant effect for ability. The creation of a working environment in which knowledge transfer can easily take place, and motivating competent employees to transfer their knowledge, are critical to successful knowledge transfer. 相似文献
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Drinking water is essential for the health, everyday life and social development of human beings. Its importance is evident to all the people. Because China now is experiencing an unprecedented urbaniz... 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2007,21(4)
Co-hosted by CAS, the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE) and the Australian Academy of Science (AAS), a Sino-Australian Workshop 相似文献
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《Endeavour》2019,43(3):100697
In 2019, the world scientific community celebrates the 110th anniversary of the death of Nikolai Vasilevich Sorokin (1846–1909), an eminent Russian biologist. On this occasion, this paper reviews the life and work of Sorokin, who was known for many important scientific breakthroughs, particularly in botany, mycology, and microbiology. Drawing upon Sorokin’s publications and unpublished papers from archives, this account traces his key educational influences and the development of his research interests, research-related travels, contributions to the Russian movement in women’s higher education, and his key publications, particularly his four-volume treatise on plant parasites. 相似文献
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We review the recent progress in the emerging area of devices and circuits operating on the basis of ionic currents. These devices operate at the intersection of electrochemistry, electronics, and microfluidics, and their potential applications are inspired by essential biological processes such as neural transmission. Ionic current rectification has been demonstrated in diode-like devices containing electrolyte solutions, hydrogel, or hydrated nanofilms. More complex functions have been realized in ionic current based transistors, solar cells, and switching memory devices. Microfluidic channels and networks—an intrinsic component of the ionic devices—could play the role of wires and circuits in conventional electronics. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(3):104712
Household sector innovation is significant in scale and scope. Thus far, it has been studied in isolation and with mixed evidence regarding the role of personal resources (consumers' income and discretionary time). We recognize that household sector innovation is embedded in the broader phenomenon of do-it-yourself (DIY) by consumers, as the literature reveals conceptual similarities, parallel motivations, and antecedents. The main distinction is that, whereas DIY goods may replicate existing products, household sector innovation is restricted to goods embodying a novel function. We explore if studying household sector innovation and DIY in an integrated framework helps to resolve previous inconsistent evidence on the role of personal resources. Based on a neoclassical model in which agents optimize their time allocation, we hypothesize that income and discretionary time positively relate to their DIY output, but—given that agents develop DIY goods—we hypothesize that income negatively relates to innovation. For discretionary time, we formulate a research question regarding its effect on innovation which we answer empirically. Our findings suggest that consumers with more personal resources derive more process benefits from DIY but that these benefits crowd out individuals' focus on the function of their objects, hence, the likelihood of developing innovations. Survey data from the United Arab Emirates (n = 2728) confirm our suppositions, showing that the relationship between personal resources and household sector innovation is more refined than suggested by previous studies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2007,(4)
CAS has recently signed a protocol with the Government of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to jointly rehabilitate the depleted ecosystem in the local Karst areas. 相似文献