共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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<正> 在实施《国家体育锻炼标准》过程中,有关提高学生耐久跑兴趣、方法的探讨很多,而耐久跑测验前的准备活动,则是一个被人们遗忘的角落。实践证明,测验前准备活动得当与否,对学生耐久跑成绩产生直接的影响,因此,在达标测验中,耐久跑的准备活动应注意以下四个方面。 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》2003,(5)
G822.02 20032353准备部分慢跑四法[刊,中,B]／许德俊(江苏东台中学)∥中国学校体育,-2003(1).-32图1(TY)准备活动∥跑∥教学法 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》1999,(3)
G822.03,G804.63 9901255对跑动力争鸣的剖析=Analyzing the contention ofthe running motive force〔刊,中,I〕/谢永文,胡耿丹//中国体育科技.-1999.-35(1).-41-43参9(BJ)跑//蹬伸动作//作用力对有关跑的动作不是蹬地反用力的种种新观点进行了剖析,本文赞同跑“动力是蹬地反用力”这一传统理论,而各种新观点仅仅是对跑动时运动器官和肌肉活动的表象描述,其错误根源在于混淆了内力和外力的内涵、作用效果和互相转化关系。 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》1994,(4)
G822.014.53,G804.53 9401265通过准备活动、整理活动和牵拉运动预防跑步损伤=Prevention of running injuries by warm-up,cool-down,and stretching exercise[刊,英]/Mechelen W V,Hlobil H,Kemper H C G//Am J Sports Med.—1993,21(5).—711—719图1表8参49(QJX)准备活动//整理活动//伸张训练//跑//损伤 相似文献
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跑是人们的基本活动能力,同时也是一种有效而简单的体育锻炼方式。跨栏跑也是跑步的一种,是在快跑中又增加了跨(跳)动作,虽然要求有一定跳跃能力以及跨栏技术和跑的节奏等,但儿童、少年们正处在神经系 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》2001,(6)
G822.019 20013505合理弯道跑技术与人体跑步距离的关系=Analysison the relation between rational bend runningtechnique and running distance[刊,中,A]/骆官平∥四川体育科学.-2000(4).-44-46图4表 1参2(TY)田径∥跑∥弯道∥距离∥技术∥途中跑∥人体根据人体在弯道跑时的生物形态学特性,分析了合理弯道技术与人体跑步距离的关系。提出掌握好合理的弯道跑技术可以少跑弯道距离的观点,只是根据纯运动学的因素看问题,而忽略了人体运动的生物形态学因素。人体在任何弯道的分道跑时,人体的弯道运动距离并非有缩短的情况,而是弯道跑技术越好,似与计算圆周长度趋近。 相似文献
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中长跑运动员跑台跑与场地跑下肢肌肉工作情况的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:通过EMG记录分析跑台跑和场地跑肌肉用力情况特征,比较这两种状态跑时肌肉用力方式的各自特点。方法:11名中长跑运动员,每名运动员分两天测试,随机让其以10 km/h、12 km/h、14 km/h、16 km/h、18 km/h的速度在场地和跑台(0%、5%、10%坡度)运动6min,每种速度跑之间间歇10min。使用便携式Megawin ME-6000肌电仪记录其下肢肌群(臀大肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌、腓肠肌内侧头、胫骨前肌)EMG变化情况。结果表明:在肌肉用力方面,5%坡度的跑台跑可以模拟场地跑,而10%坡度的跑台跑则可以给予下肢肌群更强的刺激,以满足训练的需要;跑台跑时,胫骨前肌需要比在场地跑时动员更多的运动单位参与工作,而跑台的坡度和速度增加对动员更多的运动单位影响不大。 相似文献
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以公共经济学、财政学、全民健身等相关理论为基础,采用文献资料调研、数理统计、逻辑分析等研究方法,对湖南省全民健身公共支出现状进行深入剖析,并指出其存在的问题。研究表明:1)湖南省体育公共支出规模及体育财政支出占文化体育与传媒财政支出比例低于全国平均水平;2)湖南省体育财政支出结构不够合理,各项支出所占比例相差悬殊;3)湖南省全民健身场地设施支出结构不合理,投资效率和使用效率均偏低;4)湖南省全民健身活动举办次数和规模低于全国平均水平;5)湖南省每10万人拥有社会体育指导员人数偏低,城乡社会体育指导员发展不平衡。 相似文献
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试论运动减肥的神经—内分泌机制 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
肥胖发生的根本原因是能量不平衡，即食物摄入与能量消耗间的失衡。在食欲和能量消耗的调节过程中，神经－内分泌网络起着至关重要的作用。本文详细阐述了脑胰岛素和肥胖基因（ｏｂｇｅｎｅ）产物－Ｌｅｐｔｉｎ对机体食欲和能量消耗的调节作用，并对系统有氧运动减少腹部脂肪积累的神经－内分泌机制进行了初步探讨。研究结果提示，运动所引起脑胰岛素和脂肪组织ｏｂｍＲＮＡ表达水平升高，在运动减少腹部脂肪积累的过程中起重要作用 相似文献
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武汉市居民体育旅游消费现状与发展对策 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
何国民 《武汉体育学院学报》2005,39(11):30-33
对武汉市居民体育旅游消费进行了调查,从体育旅游人口、消费规模、消费结构等方面对武汉市居民体育旅游消费现状进行了分析,并用扩展线性支出系统模型对武汉市居民体育旅游基本消费需求、边际消费倾向、收入弹性进行了定量分析,提出了促进武汉市居民体育旅游消费增长的对策构想。 相似文献
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大型体育事件游客消费经济影响实证研究——以第16届广州亚运会为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以第16届广州亚运会为例,对大型体育赛事游客消费经济影响评估技术层面的难点与问题进行研究;同时,研究偶发性的体育赛事的经济影响力,其影响是否可单纯用经济数据来评估?直接经济影响研究采用问卷调查获取消费数据,间接经济影响研究采用投入产出模型进行测算。研究表明:1)在技术层面上,针对赛事活动的参与者类别、参与者人数做了专门的实证探究,剥离了部分"挤出效应"。其中,"亚运游客"是游客消费经济影响的主要来源,数量仅占游客总数的32.56%,但其经济影响占总经济影响的61.39%;2)"亚运游客"数量722 074,其经济影响2 709 247 693元,人均支出1 688元,产出乘数2.22。比较亚运会新增投资以及相关的游客消费预期,亚运会的游客消费经济影响并不显著,对广州经济的带动作用有限。研究对审视大型活动申办热潮有启示意义,建议评估偶发性的大型活动应该把更多的关注视角放在经济影响因素之外,如城市空间结构重构、城市形象效应、政治效应等。 相似文献
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D L Ballor L M Burke D V Knudson J R Olson H J Montoye 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1989,60(4):362-368
This study examined the accuracy of a new device (Caltrac) in estimating energy expenditure via acceleration measurements. Energy expenditure of 20 high school students during basketball class activity (average length = 37 min) was estimated using the Caltrac, heart rate recording, and video analysis. Heart rate recording and video analysis estimates of energy expenditure were determined from heart rate, caloric expenditure curves, and an activity rating scale, respectively. The following estimates of caloric expenditure (M +/- SD) were found: heart rate recording = 196 +/- 73 greater than Caltrac = 163 +/- 49 greater than film analysis = 123 +/- 30 kcal (p less than .05). Laboratory simulations of the basketball activity revealed that the Caltrac energy expenditure was not significantly different from the actual energy expenditure (p greater than .05). The heart rate recording and video analysis estimates of energy expenditure were significantly (p less than .05) higher and lower, respectively, than the actual energy expenditure. The Caltrac is a lightweight, low-cost device that provides a relatively accurate estimate of energy expenditure in free-ranging activities, such as basketball. 相似文献
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现阶段影响我国体育消费的社会学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
体育消费是一种较高层次的享受资料。只有当社会经济发展,国民人均收入水平的提高,人们才会逐步建立起体育必要的消费价值观。目前影响我国体育消费主要因素有文化因素、经济因素和社会因素,研究和分析这些因素,采取科学的对策,以不断提高体育消费水平。 相似文献
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David Sundström 《Sports Engineering》2016,19(4):251-263
Bioenergetic models for exercise performance simulations and pacing strategy optimizations currently lag behind empirical knowledge in human bioenergetics. Therefore, the objective of this study was the construction of a four-compartment hydraulic bioenergetic model that incorporates separate oxidative phosphorylation of lipids and carbohydrates and describes the regulation of these energy substrates’ utilization. Furthermore, the aim was also to model efficiency and the impact of muscle fatigue and the force–velocity relationship on the maximal attainable rate of energy expenditure. The model is formulated with five systems of differential equations that regulates the fluid levels in three of the compartments, while the fat compartment energy is kept constant. Regulations had to be imposed on the system of compartments to achieve the desired carbohydrate dependent functionality and efficiency of the model. Equilibrium equations are modeled for the alactic compound composition and a constraint is modeled for the maximal energy expenditure rate, dependent on the intramuscular inorganic phosphate. A separate force–velocity relationship is modeled to constrain power output at low speeds and efficiency is modeled with a linear but off-set relationship between power output and rate of energy expenditure. The relative aerobic contribution to total energy expenditure showed good congruence with empirical results, while time to exhaustion was overestimated due to the constraint on maximal rate of energy expenditure. Therefore, further experimental studies are necessary for complete validation of the model. 相似文献
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Gradually community and scholarly support for large-scale sport events is declining as sustainability and efficiency are becoming primary concerns. Thus, a drive for the creation of small-scale event portfolios that comply with a community’s resources and infrastructure is developing. In the current study, a portfolio of four small-scale mountain bike events located in the Northwest United States were investigated to better understand their impact on the local economy. An online survey was conducted after each event that assessed visitor spending, travel behavior, and participant demographics resulting in a total sample of N?=?614. Through general linear modeling, chi-square testing, and multiple regression each of the four events were compared with each other and determinants of visitor expenditure were tested. The results demonstrated the four events significantly differed in regards to total expenditure, daily expenditure, daily expenditure per person, trip duration, amount of travel party event participants, travel distance, age, income, and lodging type/location. Overall expenditure and daily expenditure per person were found to be significantly determined by participant travel distance, travel party size, trip duration, and income. Managerial implications derived from these results for destinations and event organizers are discussed. 相似文献
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Douglas L. Ballor Lynne M. Burke Duane V. Knudson John R. Olson Henry J. Montoye 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):362-368
Abstract This study examined the accuracy of a new device (Caltrac) in estimating energy expenditure via acceleration measurements. Energy expenditure of 20 high school students during basketball class activity (average length = 37 min) was estimated using the Caltrac, heart rate recording, and video analysis. Heart rate recording and video analysis estimates of energy expenditure were determined from heart rate, caloric expenditure curves, and an activity rating scale, respectively. The following estimates of caloric expenditure (M ± SD) were found: heart rate recording = 196 ±73 > Caltrac = 163 ±49 > film analysis = 123 ± 30 kcal (p < .05). Laboratory simulations of the basketball activity revealed that the Caltrac energy expenditure was not significantly different from the actual energy expenditure (p > .05). The heart rate recording and video analysis estimates of energy expenditure were significantly (p < .05) higher and lower, respectively, than the actual energy expenditure. The Caltrac is a lightweight, low-cost device that provides a relatively accurate estimate of energy expenditure in free-ranging activities, such as basketball. 相似文献
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Keytel LR Goedecke JH Noakes TD Hiiloskorpi H Laukkanen R van der Merwe L Lambert EV 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(3):289-297
The aims of this study were to quantify the effects of factors such as mode of exercise, body composition and training on the relationship between heart rate and physical activity energy expenditure (measured in kJ x min(-1)) and to develop prediction equations for energy expenditure from heart rate. Regularly exercising individuals (n = 115; age 18-45 years, body mass 47-120 kg) underwent a test for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max test), using incremental protocols on either a cycle ergometer or treadmill; VO2max ranged from 27 to 81 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The participants then completed three steady-state exercise stages on either the treadmill (10 min) or the cycle ergometer (15 min) at 35%, 62% and 80% of VO2max, corresponding to 57%, 77% and 90% of maximal heart rate. Heart rate and respiratory exchange ratio data were collected during each stage. A mixed-model analysis identified gender, heart rate, weight, V2max and age as factors that best predicted the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure. The model (with the highest likelihood ratio) was used to estimate energy expenditure. The correlation coefficient (r) between the measured and estimated energy expenditure was 0.913. The model therefore accounted for 83.3% (R2) of the variance in energy expenditure in this sample. Because a measure of fitness, such as VO2max, is not always available, a model without VO2max included was also fitted. The correlation coefficient between the measured energy expenditure and estimates from the mixed model without VO2max was 0.857. It follows that the model without a fitness measure accounted for 73.4% of the variance in energy expenditure in this sample. Based on these results, we conclude that it is possible to estimate physical activity energy expenditure from heart rate in a group of individuals with a great deal of accuracy, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass and fitness. 相似文献