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社交退缩行为影响着幼儿的身心健康发展,科学帮助幼儿解决社交退缩问题成为了幼儿园教育中的重要议题。文章立足幼儿园小班视角,基于幼儿身心发展特点、幼儿同伴关系现状,借助音乐区游戏的开展,对三种社交退缩型幼儿进行引导干预,最后达到改善其社交退缩行为的目的。引导幼儿在自由、自主的音乐游戏中学会自我管理,克服性格上的弱点,逐步树立自信,塑造开朗的性格。 相似文献
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本研究采用随机抽样法对上海市15所幼儿园小、中、大班共199名幼儿同伴交往能力的结构及其发展特点进行了研究.结果表明:(1)幼儿同伴交往能力的内部结构可分解为四个维度:社交主动性、亲社会性、语言与非语言能力以及社交障碍.(2)幼儿同伴交往能力随着年龄的增长而逐渐提高,其中发展最快的是小班到中班阶段,大班幼儿与中班幼儿的同伴交往能力无显著差异.(3)幼儿同伴交往能力的发展存在显著的性别差异. 相似文献
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研究者选取60名中班幼儿(平均年龄4岁)为被试,基于幼儿气质特点,进行自信心促进实验。先通过教师评定问卷来确定幼儿的气质特点和自信心水平,然后基于幼儿气质特点,结合自信心的三个维度设计教育活动方案,进行为期10周的促进实验。10周后发现,基于幼儿气质特点设计的教育活动方案能有效改善幼儿的气质,促进幼儿的自信心发展。 相似文献
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本文对南宁市第五幼儿园中班组发放的"南宁市第五幼儿园幼儿感恩意识前期问卷"调查表中的第七个表格进行了结果分析。通过种植教育实例,从成功的种植活动和失败的种植活动两方面去研究如何对幼儿进行感恩自然的教育。研究表明,对幼儿进行感恩自然的教育,有助于促进幼儿社会化的进程,对幼儿今后感恩父母、感恩教师、感恩同伴、感恩社会将会产生积极的影响。 相似文献
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本文对南宁市第五幼儿园中班组发放的“南宁市第五幼儿园幼儿感恩意识前期问卷”调查表中的第七个表格进行了结果分析。通过种植教育实例．从成功的种植活动和失败的种植活动两方面去研究如何对幼儿进行感恩自然的教育。研究表明．对幼儿进行感恩自然的教育,有助于促进幼儿社会化的进程．对幼儿今后感恩父母、感恩教师、感恩同伴、感恩社会将会产生积极的影响。 相似文献
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在幼儿园活动中,有些幼儿难以融入同伴群体,他们处在活动边缘,或是畏缩旁观,或是无所适从。本文依据布朗芬布伦纳的生态理论,从幼儿、家长、教师、社会等角度寻找幼儿不良同伴关系形成的原因,并从幼儿的自身身心发展规律、家长的教养方式、教师的态度等角度提出相应对策,力求帮助幼儿建立和谐的同伴关系,促进幼儿的身心健康发展。 相似文献
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《幼儿园教育指导纲要》中指出:"幼儿园的教育活动,是教师以多种形式的有目的、有计划地引导幼儿生动、活泼、主动活动的教育过程。"这一理论充分体现了教育活动的功能和教育活动中教与学双方的"主导"和"主体"的关系。教师的"主导"是为了让幼儿获得主动的发展,真正成为学习的主体,而幼儿的主动发展首先受制于幼儿的自主意识,因此,在幼儿教育活动中培养幼儿的小主人意识,对促进幼儿的主动发展是极为重要的。"城镇3-6岁小主人教育的研究"是我园的研究课题,我园努力为儿童营造民主、自由的人文环境,还孩子学习的权力,并为他们创造与同伴交往的空间,使他们真正成为"幼儿园的小主人"、"家庭小主人"和"社会小主人"。作为一名一线教师,在如何对幼儿实施"小主人"教育方面作了一些尝试,旨在让我们的孩子真正成为一名会生活、会学习的小主人。 相似文献
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《陕西教育学院学报》2018,(10):121-124
文章以巢湖市1所幼儿园的441名儿童为测查对象,运用幼儿同伴侵害问卷、师幼关系问卷(教师版)及儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)来考察师幼关系在幼儿同伴侵害与社交焦虑关系间的中介作用。结果表明:女孩亲密性、满意度发展水平显著高于男孩,而男孩的冲突性发展水平则显著高于女孩;同伴侵害、社交焦虑及师幼关系年龄差异显著,但无性别差异;同伴侵害与亲密性、支持性及满意度呈显著负相关,与冲突性、儿童社交焦虑及年龄呈显著正相关;满意度与社交焦虑呈显著负相关;满意度在幼儿同伴侵害与社交焦虑关系间的中介作用显著。 相似文献
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Pelin Munis Daryl B. Greenfield Heather A. Henderson J&#x;Lene George 《Early childhood research quarterly》2007,22(4):440-450
The purpose of the current study is to describe the development and validation of a new measure of temperament, the Preschool Temperament Classification System (PTCS). The PTCS was developed as a typological measure that identifies children's temperament styles as undercontrolled, resilient, or overcontrolled. The PTCS is a time efficient structured interview assessing children's temperament as it is observed in the classroom environment. During the 20 min interview, teachers classify all of the children in their class into one of the three temperament styles, rank order children within each temperament group, and assign an intensity rating to each child, indicating how well the child matches his/her assigned temperament group. Data were collected on 196 preschool-age children from 25 Head Start classrooms in an urban area. Teachers assessed children's temperament and peer play behaviors, and trained research assistants assessed children's school readiness. The PTCS classified children into temperament groups that showed expected relations to peer play competence and school readiness after controlling for age and gender, indicating good validity. Test–retest reliability was moderate to high. Overall the PTCS shows promise as a valid and reliable teacher measure of preschool children's temperament. 相似文献
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School psychologists and teachers are frequently asked to assess the level of social competence of preschool children as one indicator of their academic readiness. However, many assessment instruments available to psychologists working in early childhood settings fail to consider important contexts where children acquire social competencies. This study presents a comprehensive picture of multiple constructs that play a role in understanding African American preschool children's social competence. Domains of temperament, language, self‐regulation, and peer play were assessed within a classroom context for a sample of 139 low‐income African American children attending Head Start. Findings support the importance of considering both children's developmental stage and their gender when evaluating aspects of social competence, particularly temperament and interactive peer play abilities. As a group, younger boys experienced the greatest difficulties with initiating and sustaining play activities with classmates. Language abilities and self‐regulation were significantly greater among older preschool children. Implications for school psychologists conducting preschool assessment, intervention, and outreach to parents and teachers within early childhood settings are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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《Early education and development》2013,24(3):403-413
We propose and discuss several hypotheses concerning the unique developmental status of peer relations in the first three years of life. We then suggest how these developmental differences might translate into hypotheses regarding early individual differences. The integrating questions revolve around whether individual differences in toddler and early preschool peer relations mean the same thing to young children as they do to older children, and whether they carry the same weight and serve the same functions in toddler peer groups as in peer groups among older children. Specifically, we suggest three ways that peer relations in the first three years are fundamentally different from later childhood peer relations: 1) they are likely to be more directly linked to and determined by temperament and attachment relationships; 2) limits in self and other understanding in the early years we likely to constrain both individual interaction skills and the formation of relationships with peers; 3) because emotion regulation in very young children is different from childhood emotion regulation, its role in governing peer relations will likely be different as well. Together, these proposals lead to the conclusion that individual differences in toddler peer relations must carry different meaning than in later childhood. A developmental perspective on individual differences suggests both continuities and discontinuities between toddler peer relations and childhood peer relations, and we offer several predictions. 相似文献
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Karyn Hartz Amanda P. Williford Helma M. Y. Koomen 《Early education and development》2017,28(4):441-456
Research Findings: The present study examined associations between children’s classroom interactions and teachers’ perceptions of teacher–child relationships during 1 year of preschool. Teachers (n = 223) reported their perceptions of closeness and conflict in their teacher–child relationships in the fall and spring. Children’s (n = 895) positive classroom interactions with teachers, peers, and learning activities and their negative interactions were observed midyear. Children’s positive interactions with teachers and learning activities predicted teachers’ perceptions of more closeness in the spring when we accounted for fall closeness. Children’s negative interactions predicted teachers’ perceptions of more relational conflict in the spring when we accounted for fall conflict. Children’s positive peer interactions did not predict spring closeness or conflict. Implications regarding teachers’ perceptions of teacher–child relationships and children’s independently observed classroom interactions are discussed. Practice or Policy: Findings provide empirical evidence for an aspect of Pianta, Hamre, and Stuhlman’s (2003) conceptual model of teacher–child relationships. Results indicate that children’s classroom interactions may be a factor related to how teachers report on their relationships with children across 1 year of preschool. Findings point to links between a range of children’s positive and negative interactions during typical instruction and teachers’ relationship perceptions. 相似文献
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We propose and discuss several hypotheses concerning the unique developmental status of peer relations in the first three years of life. We then suggest how these developmental differences might translate into hypotheses regarding early individual differences. The integrating questions revolve around whether individual differences in toddler and early preschool peer relations mean the same thing to young children as they do to older children, and whether they carry the same weight and serve the same functions in toddler peer groups as in peer groups among older children. Specifically, we suggest three ways that peer relations in the first three years are fundamentally different from later childhood peer relations: 1) they are likely to be more directly linked to and determined by temperament and attachment relationships; 2) limits in self and other understanding in the early years we likely to constrain both individual interaction skills and the formation of relationships with peers; 3) because emotion regulation in very young children is different from childhood emotion regulation, its role in governing peer relations will likely be different as well. Together, these proposals lead to the conclusion that individual differences in toddler peer relations must carry different meaning than in later childhood. A developmental perspective on individual differences suggests both continuities and discontinuities between toddler peer relations and childhood peer relations, and we offer several predictions. 相似文献
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Marissa Swaim Griggs Sandra Glover Gagnon Timothy J. Huelsman Pamela Kidder‐Ashley Mary Ballard 《Psychology in the schools》2009,46(6):553-567
Ecological approaches to preschool assessment, which consider both within‐child and environmental variables, are considered best practice for school psychologists. This study employs such a model to investigate the interactive influence of child temperament and student–teacher relationship quality on peer play behaviors. Parents of 44 preschool children (25 girls, 19 boys) ranging in age from 40 to 68 months (mean [M] = 53.00) and primarily White (92.9%) provided ratings of their children's temperaments on the Behavioral Style Questionnaire. Their teachers completed the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale and the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale. Results indicate that (a) student–teacher relationships characterized by low conflict and low dependence are associated with less disruptive peer play, and (b) the association between temperament and disruptive play is attenuated in low conflict student–teacher relationships. Implications for school psychologists include the importance of student–teacher relationships in the context of preschool assessment and intervention planning. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Filiz Yurtal 《Pastoral Care in Education》2004,22(2):39-41
Name-calling is a common problem among primary school children in Turkey as in other countries. The Name-Calling Survey and Peer Beliefs Inventory were used to determine the relationships between name-calling and peer beliefs amongst a group of 319 primary school children in Turkey. Name-calling was found to be more common amongst boys than girls. A negative relationship was found between name-calling and peer beliefs, so that the greater experience of name-calling, the more children disliked their peers. Gender and grade level were found to have a significant negative relationship. The name-calling experiences of students affected their friendship relationships negatively, which contributed to violence in schools. School counsellors must be aware of name-calling victims and perpetrators, as well as organizing educational programmes aimed at helping students to cope with these problems. 相似文献
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Understanding children's decisions to include a child with a disability in activities is an important component of the social environment of children with disabilities. We examined preschool children's understanding of the motor and social competence of hypothetical children with a physical disability, children's decisions to include or exclude a peer with a physical disability in play activities, and children's justifications of their inclusion/exclusion decisions. Children understood that a peer with a physical disability would have more difficulty with activities requiring motor skills than social skills and were more likely to include a peer with a physical disability when the activities required minimal motor skills. The role of typically developing children's understanding of social contexts in peer relationships is discussed. 相似文献