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1.
联邦德国体育管理体制及其特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
联邦德国的基本法规定了联邦德国是民主制、法制福利和联邦制的国家。其体育体制也与国家体制相适应，它表现出以下特征：民间和社会办体育，并实行自治，政府只扮演协助的角色并在一些方面不成文地承担一些体育经费；各不同层次和不同部门的管理机构依据基本法规定的职权范围秩序参与体育管理，责、权、利明确；俱乐部是体育管理的最基层组织，也是体育运动的具体承办者，其成员数以每年８％的速度递增；各管理机构的管理人员以业余兼职为原则，以志愿奉献为信条；管理人员选举产生，以议宪制为形式；自下而上建构组织，再从上而下实施管理。从而使体育充分发挥了它的“闲暇价值、健康价值、休养价值、教育价值和社会价值”。 相似文献
2.
Annette R. Hofmann 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(9):970-975
In 1989, the International Society of the History of Physical Education (ISHPES) was founded as a merger of the International Committee for the History of Physical Education and Sport (ICOSH) and the International Association for the History of Physical Education (HISPA). In 2014, ISHPES will celebrate its 25th birthday. While at the beginning it was a very Eurocentric organisation, it is nowadays very international as seen in the countries from which the members come from. This paper will give an insight into the present state and work of this international sport history organisation. The conclusion will focus on the challenges that ISHPES faces in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
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4.
中国武术走向国际已近一个世纪，在武术的国际推广传播中取得的成就有目共睹。在中华传统文化与西方文化碰撞与交流中，如何使传统文化得以和谐的继承与发展，应该引起我们的思索。笔者试图通过对东、西方体育文化的发源与文化形态；东西方文化交流的同质、异质性以及中国武术国际化传播中技术层面与文化层面的同步性等问题展开分析，就如何继承与发展传统武术文化提出一些理论方面的建议。 相似文献
5.
Christian Ungruhe 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(15):1767-1785
AbstractSo far, academic contributions have widely framed football in Africa as a means for migration from a western point of view. At a time, they presented particular and one-dimensional understandings of transnational links in the realm of football migration between Africa and Europe. Macro-level perspectives which mostly focus on African exploitation and dependency and more recently those that take the players’ agency into account reproduce a Eurocentric view of the phenomenon, while disregarding its local perceptions in African settings. Thus, despite the recent shift from a macro- to a micro-level perspective there is still an analytical gap between the ambitions and experiences of migrating players and economic power relations at play on the one hand and the socio-cultural embedding of the transnational connections in football migration on the other. In order to understand why and how football mobilities are indeed linked to ‘the transnational’ in migration there is a need to localize the phenomenon and investigate how local understandings of migration and mobility are lived and expressed in a transnational sport like football. By taking data from fieldwork among West African football migrants, the paper thus shows the local embedding of transnational football migration practices in the West African context. 相似文献
6.
Maria Lenk is widely recognized as an exceptional athlete who participated in women's sport from around 1930 until 1950. In 1932, at the age of seventeen, she was the first woman to be included in a Latin American delegation to the Olympic Games. As a swimmer, she still sets world records at the age of eighty-six. This super-champion's sporting achievements and her persistent dedication to the advancement of sport still impress and surprise todays professional swimmers and researchers. Contextualised in the male-dominated society of Brazil during the first half of the twentieth century, this chapter traces the achievement, and rise to international fame, of Maria Lenk. It examines the factors that enabled her to emerge not only as an important figure in sport but also as an icon of female emancipation in Brazilian and Latin American society. The focus is on Lenk's influence on the issues which affected the development of women's sport in Latin America. It also highlights the significance of Lenk's contribution to the changing place of women in Brazilian and South American society. 相似文献
7.
Charles Little 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(13):1677-1693
This paper addresses a major blind spot in the history of Australian sport by investigating women's participation in sport with relation to social class. This is a question that has been largely overlooked in the current literature on the history of women's sport, but stands out as an issue deserving of further attention. The paper considers whether the obstacles faced by Australian sportswomen have been irrespective of social class and status, or if working-class women faced a double burden of both gender and economic barriers to sporting activity? Drawing upon an in-depth examination of sport and identities in an inner-city working-class Australian suburb, the paper examines and analyses the sporting experiences of local women in the early part of the twentieth century. Based on an extensive evaluation (and critique) of the local, city and sporting press and local histories, the paper argues that not only did working-class women have far fewer opportunities to participate in sport than their working-class male counterparts, but that they also had much less access to sport than middle- and upper-class women. It concludes that issues relating to class were the most significant deterrent to sporting involvement amongst local women. 相似文献
8.
《Sport in History》2013,33(1):34-48
It has been argued that scholars of sports history have denied criticism of sport. However, during the nineteenth century there was considerable criticism of various aspects of sports, ranging from elaborated systems of thought to the minutiae of daily life. Opposition to hunting, boxing and gambling (for example) is well documented, but criticism of a day-to-day nature has been relatively neglected. This paper illustrates the varieties of criticisms of sports in nineteenth century England using examples mainly from university sport. 相似文献
9.
AbstractThe article is part of a research project on the history of German sports medicine, from its organized beginnings in the early twentieth century until today. Through analyzing newly available archival documents, the focus is on the 1950s, when both German society and the political system had to be rebuilt after the war and ‘complete surrender’ of the Third Reich in 1945. Sports and sports medicine in both Germanys of the 1950s had the same roots or traditions, but had to be developed under completely different political and economic conditions. However, a crucial legacy of German sports medicine in East and West was and still is prevention. The specific and very different roles and systems of top-level sports, including sports medical and scientific support which developed since the 1960s, are by contrast, one of the major differences between East and West, causing major conflicts and problems until today. 相似文献
10.
Donna de Haan 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(6-7):648-665
Olympic equestrian sport has to date evolved through three distinct phases of development. The genesis of equestrian sport in the modern Olympics began in 1900 and was predominantly shaped by military influences until 1948. Pre-1900 equestrian sport existed in various forms around the world primarily to develop and practice skills of hunting and warfare. At this time, equestrian sport lacked governance and internationally standardized rules. This paper’s aim is to explore the influence of the military on the first phase of equestrian sport development in the Olympic Games between 1900 and 1948 with regards to their format and rules. Through thematic analysis of the narratives evident in the literature, we highlight influential military developments/changes that occurred outside the confines of sport, and place the sociocultural development of equestrianism within this framework. This reconstructive approach has enabled us to highlight the relevance of the military influence on the development of equestrian sport. Through the identification and analysis of perceptions of Olympic equestrianism, which are centred upon the Eurocentric, military-influenced development of the sport, the paper also discusses implicit and explicit references to, and the relevance of, masculinity elitism and social class, along with issues of amateurism and professionalism. 相似文献
11.
Modern Korean sports have been adopted mostly from the West, but now Korea has emerged as a sporting power demanding global attention. The influence of historical and political ideology has been in the cultural background of Korean sports development, and the process of cultural evolution in soccer may be explained in the similar context. What helped the Korean soccer team qualify for the World Cup eight consecutive times – only the sixth country in the world to do so – thus making it the most powerful soccer team in Asia? Soccer initially appeared in Korea during the threat of Japanese invasion, and this backdrop provided the opportunity for soccer to be combined with nationalism and transformed into a cultural product that confronted Japanese imperialism. Since the Korean War, South Korean soccer has become a vehicle for ideological confrontation with North Korea amid the atmosphere of the Cold War, and it thus gave rise to sports nationalism by revealing an ideological superiority and nationalistic disposition. Soccer, which arrived in Korea on a British ship, has become a representative Korean sport and continuously challenges the global stage ahead of Asia's leading economic power. It was against the background of such rapid development that nationalism formed. 相似文献
12.
中华民族传统体育--在休闲时代体现文化多样性 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
体育进入休闲,是社会和谐发展和小康生活质量提高的标志。在休闲时代开展体育活动,其重要特征是满足人们的个性需要,提供多样化的运动休闲元素。民族体育由于能够体现文化的多样性,将重返世界体育舞台,尽显本土的文化魅力。中华民族所创造的民族民间传统体育,承载着东方人特有的与自然和谐同步的休闲娱乐观,在休闲时代将获得新生的土壤,极大丰富和充实由西方体育独领风骚的当代体育,也将为中华民族文化的世纪复兴写下浓重一笔。 相似文献
13.
Terence J. Roberts 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):215-226
In this article, we examine philosophy of sport as a field of study in Japan, its history, characteristics, and future prospects, as part of a contribution to the international development of the discipline of sport philosophy. The Japan Society for the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education has been holding an annual sport philosophy conference every year since its inception in 1978. Nevertheless, the trends of sport philosophy in Japan have not been conveyed abroad. The language barrier between Japanese and English as an international communication tool makes it difficult to spread our work on the philosophy of sport throughout the world. The question arises as to whether the philosophy of sport in Japan has the same trends as those in the Western countries. Is it reasonable to assume that it has different aspects and interests than philosophy of sport in English-speaking countries? We will also try to address these questions for our audience 相似文献
14.
学校体育呼唤人文精神 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
回顾了中西方人文精神产生、发展的历史背景及其在体育中的价值体现,分析了我国学校体育中人文精神缺失的特殊原因,阐述了在新时期学校体育要向人文精神回归,提出了有关措施. 相似文献
15.
Patricia Vertinsky 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(14):1453-1467
AbstractThe women’s college gymnasium’s geographical, architectural and spatializing arrangements have historically been important ingredients in the social constitution of the gendered body. It has provided a critical stage on which struggles within the profession of physical education and its relation to competitive sport have been enacted both within its own boundaries and at the level of the broader campus and its shifting priorities. This paper explores the rise and demise of women’s gymnasia on North American college campuses from the late nineteenth to the latter decades of the twentieth century to illuminate how the shifting academic landscape has reflected changing attitudes towards the perceived needs of female students and the nature of their training in physical education and movement sciences. The analysis focuses upon two women’s colleges in the United States remarkable for their architectural splendour and programme integrity: the University of California at Berkeley’s Phoebe Apperson Hearst Memorial Gymnasium for Women and the Anna Hiss Gymnasium at the University of Texas, Austin. It laments their gradual demise as academic institutions have increasingly shifted their priorities and the world of the female gymnasium has retracted to be reinserted into college campuses’ twenty-first century vision for student recreation and competitive sport. 相似文献
16.
Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(3):347-362
In the last century, professional sport has experienced a process of standardization that has favoured the development of its two most recent characteristics: the quantification and the pursuit of records, as Guttmann exposed in From Ritual to Record (1978). This article reflects on the ramifications that those characteristics have had in the sport consumption of sport in recent times, focusing particularly on the temporal consequences. The work proposes an ‘evolutive time’ perspective to understand the double fundaments of the sporting temporality: its cyclical dimension of recurrences and familiar elements; and its linear dimension of newness and uniqueness. The argument is that sport draws on elements derived from quantification and records such as time serialization and time disruptions in order to produce a globally appealing and intelligible commodity. 相似文献
17.
《Sport in History》2013,33(1):32-62
This article examines the value for historians of sport of works of fiction in which sport is a central motif. The novel that is explored in this context is Eva Menasse's Vienna which offers a unique representation of Austrian soccer throughout a significant part of the twentieth century and thereby provides a vivid account of the more general relationship between soccer, society and identity. It is argued that the novel also allows us to reflect on the ways in which professional athletes view their world. Does Vienna add to the uninitiated's knowledge about the ‘facts’ of Austrian football in the period depicted? Perhaps not. Does it increase our understanding of the place of football in Austrian society at that time and, indeed, in the lives of individuals in many societies even during times of crisis? Here the answer is almost certainly an unequivocal ‘yes’. 相似文献
18.
跳伞是高空中勇敢者的运动,是集勇气、意志、智慧和科技于一体的体育项目。跳伞运动在我国有着较长的发展历史,并且是我国竞技体育优势项目之一,特别是定点项目曾多次在世界锦标赛、世界杯和世界航空运动会等大型比赛中取得优异成绩。所谓定点跳伞就是:跳伞员操纵降落伞在指定跳靶内着陆的跳伞。跳伞员操纵降落伞从天而降,能否准确的落在30cm直径的跳靶上,近而多数次均能踩中2cm直径的靶心,除要求要有极高的准确性外,还有诸多的因素如天气状况、心理状况、操纵手法以及降落伞的稳定情况等都起着很大的作用,这中间能否走好空中航线是提高定点成绩的关键。 相似文献
19.
Dominic Malcolm 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(15):1808-1812
This paper provides sociological reflections on the use of research methods in the history of sport. In light of the convergence of social scientific approaches and social research methods in recent years, it draws upon Durkheim’s reflections on the principles of sociology to explore the potential of the discipline to provide a distinctive methodological orientation to the study of sport. It subsequently uses this framework to assess the tendency in sports history to present interview data in non-anonymized form, and to advocate the value of particular kinds of comparative analysis for forwarding our understanding of the social world. 相似文献
20.
奥林匹克运动产生于西方 ,现以发展成全球性的运动。奥林匹克运动不仅仅是体育竞技比赛和运动会 ,而且是一个特定的世界性的社会文化运动。当前 ,国人更多地是了解夏季奥林匹克运动 ,而对冬季奥林匹克运动的了解不是很多。如何使国人更深入了解冬季奥林匹克运动及其文化 ,首先应对奥林匹克与中国联系的历史有所了解 ,对指导这一运动的哲学思想和价值观有所认识 ,以便更多的人们参与 ,进而使国人在实践中 ,体验到奥林匹克是全人类的文化 ,中国应当作出自己的贡献。 相似文献