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1.
Nikoletta Onyestyák 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(11):1920-1941
Sport is a double-edged sword: it has the potential to bring nations together but it can also demonstrate and exacerbate the political tensions and conflicts of the world. Sporting events, especially the Olympic Games, can increase understanding, celebrate commonalities, facilitate cooperation and bridge differences but they can also provide a stage for political rivalries and struggles. This article critically compares the backgrounds of Hungary's non-participation in the 1920 Antwerp and the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Games, given the label ‘boycott’ by the international community. The unique international political circumstances and Hungary's dependent position restricted the role, strength and efficacy of the contemporary Hungarian sport diplomacy to decide freely. The research implicitly describes the objectives and targets of the actual international alignments, the policy of the Hungarian regime and the processes which resulted in the involuntary non-participation. 相似文献
2.
在欧债危机和欧美经济低迷的背景下,在伦敦奥运会中如何塑造英国国家形象是英国面临的一个难题。文章认为,伦敦奥运宣传片对国家形象的塑造起到了正面作用,通过各种符号形象的运用向世界展现了英国富有活力的一面;大众传媒通过新闻报道,对奥运会的舆论起到积极引导作用,使英国受众对其产生担忧后重拾信心;在国家形象塑造中,媒体及其工作者需要帮助受众进行信息疏导;明星符号的使用对国家形象的塑造具有大众化、普及化的作用;危机中的国家形象塑造需要媒体对相关信息进行客观的两面传播。 相似文献
3.
Answering the legitimate call for a more transnational approach to the history of sport in Europe, we seize upon the 2012 Olympic Games as an opportunity to look back on Belgo-British contacts in sport since the Middle Ages. Contextualising this history within the wider Belgo-British political, economic and cultural contacts is, indeed, much more revealing than recounting a superficial story about the three medals the Belgian Olympic delegation actually obtained in London. We illustrate that transnational flows and contacts – crucial to the shaping and diffusion of sport – are not always reflected at the level of the Olympic Games. The cases of cycle racing and soccer demonstrate the divergent adoption and adaptation processes of specific sporting disciplines in Belgium and Britain. At the end of the paper, we also reflect on David Cameron's competitive sport policy in primary education, and raise the question whether the dissipation of public funds for elite sport – to the detriment of ‘Sport for All’ – is still defendable in times of government budgetary scarcity. 相似文献
4.
《Sport in History》2013,33(2):195-196
This article, which is based on original archival and press research, examines the origins of the Cold War from the perspective of sport in the post-war occupied zones of Germany. Both the western Allies and Soviet communist victors claimed that they wished to use sport to help establish ‘democracy’ in Germany. However, their conceptions of ‘democracy’ were diametrically opposed and each side used the sporting press to caricature and criticise the other. In the Soviet zone, sports reporting portrayed the West as elitist, professional in their ‘Taylorist’ methods and nationalist in outlook. Reversing their former hostility to the Olympic movement, the Soviet-controlled German sports press argued that only socialist sport could deliver true amateur ‘Olympic’ sport by democratising athletics for the masses. The occupying Allied powers made up of Britain, France and the United States were united in their rejection of unproven claims of Soviet superiority and denounced the ‘undemocratic’ controls imposed by the Soviets across Eastern Europe. The holding of the Olympic Games in London in the summer of 1948 as Cold War tensions increased provides a focus for these divergent views, throwing new light on the political role of the reporting of sport and of the sporting press in post-war Germany. 相似文献
5.
世纪之交的奥林匹克运动 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
奥林匹克运动的现状是:普遍性原则基本得到了体现;冲破了业余和专业界限;亚非拉体育地位提高,欧洲仍是世界体育中心;国际奥委会确立在奥林匹克运动中的主导地位;奥运会举世注目。奥林匹克运动面临过度商业化、政治干预、兴奋剂、自身组织结构不尽合理等问题。奥林匹克运动的发展前景光明,将在各大洲更均衡地发展,奥运会项目将有重大调整,组织结构将更趋民主化。 相似文献
6.
随着现代奥运会不断地趋向于政治化、职业化、商品化,竞技中的异化现象日益凸显出来。从对“人奥运”理念内涵的理解,揭示现代竞技异化现象,指出“人奥运”理念有助于竞技人性的复归,促进竞技运动和谐、健康发展。 相似文献
7.
A legacy emphasis was one of the fundamental pillars of the London 2012 Olympic Games. The notion of an Olympic legacy was predicated on assumptions that the event's value would not purely derive from the sporting spectacle, but rather from the ‘success’ of enduring effects met out in London and across the country. For physical education students and practitioners, Olympic legacy agendas translated into persistent pressure to increase inspiration, engagement, participation and performance in the subject, sport and physical activity. Responding to this context, and cognizant of significant disciplinary scholarship, this paper reports initial data from the first phase of a longitudinal study involving Key Stage Three (students aged 11–13) cohorts in two comparable United Kingdom schools: the first an inner-city (core) London school adjacent to the Olympic Park in Stratford, East London (n = 150); the second a (peripheral) school in the Midlands (n = 198). The research involved the use of themed questionnaires focusing on self-reported attitudes towards the Olympic Games and experiences of physical education, sport and physical activity. Students from both schools demonstrated a wide variety of attitudes towards physical education and sport; yet, minor variances emerged regarding extreme enthusiasm levels. Both cohorts also expressed considerably mixed feelings towards the impending Olympic Games. Strong and variable responses were also reported regarding inspiration levels, ticketing acquisition and engagement levels. Consequently, this investigation can be read within the broader context of legacy debates and aligns well with physical educationalists' ongoing discomfort regarding legacy imperatives being enforced upon the discipline and its practitioners. Our work reiterates a shared disciplinary scepticism that while an Olympic Games may temporarily affect young peoples' affectations for sport (and maybe physical education and physical activity), it may not provide the best, or most appropriate, mechanism for sustained attitudinal and/or social changes en masse. 相似文献
8.
运用文献资料法、统计分析法等方法,对2010年羽毛球世锦赛、亚运会和国际羽联巡回赛十二站超级赛各国的羽毛球项目比赛成绩进行对比,分析中国羽毛球项目备战伦敦奥运会的形势,结果显示:当今世界羽坛的竞争格局并未发生根本的变化,中国羽毛球项目依然处于世界一流水平行列,但世界各国的竞技实力正日趋接近,加之奥运会新参赛规则的设置,导致中国队以往的竞争优势已不复存在,面对伦敦奥运会的备战国羽的形势不容乐观,只有提前做好准备,才能期待在伦敦奥运会上有备无患,继续书写辉煌。 相似文献
9.
Cheong Rak Choi 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(15):1854-1866
South Korea has often been considered a successful host nation after the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and their apparent positive economic, cultural, social and environmental legacies. The purpose of this essay is to offer an analysis of economic growth as a consequence of earlier Olympic Games and to extrapolate to the 2012 London Olympic Games and beyond to the forthcoming 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. It is the intention of this essay to examine previous studies, economic indices of world banks and reports of each Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (OCOG). The hypothesis is that the Olympic Games have not positively influenced the economic growth of the host nations. The essay explores this conclusion with reference to London 2012. The essay will reveal past negative influences of the Olympic Games and ask the International Olympic Committee (IOC): ‘What is the IOC's responsibility to the host city after the Games?’ Finally, the essay will propose and recommend an economic tool to the IOC to ensure sustainable outcomes after the Games. 相似文献
10.
Simona Petracovschi 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(7):774-788
While the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984 constituted Romania's best performance ever, 2012 London Olympic Games were characterised by the worst performance in its history. During the time between these two events, the country went from being a communist regime to a liberal government. This transition invites consideration of the transformation Romania's sports policy underwent and its repositioning with regard to the Olympic Movement, both before and after the 1989 turning point. Analysis suggests that, in failing to professionalise Romanian sport, the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee (COSR) was tempted to readopt a model of state-financed sport, with the aim of reinstating the nation to its former position among the world's sporting elite. 相似文献
11.
Hyun-Duck Kim 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(18):2197-2208
Historically, the Olympic Games have had a tremendous impact on the economy, tourism industry and social and political aspects of a hosting nation. The Olympic Games are the most globally promoted and commercialised sporting event in the world. This fact has led global firms to mandate significant changes in many aspects of traditional Olympics advertising relating to media content, media channel/placement and the overall budget allocation pattern. In pursuit of desired outcomes, sponsorship-linked promotion and marketing that primarily focuses on communication objectives allows both sport authorities and corporate sponsors to reach a considerable number of markets across the world. The aim of this paper was to explore the content characteristics of commercial partners who participated in the 2012 London Olympic Games on the basis of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental sustainability (ES). The intention is not to merely verify the marketing communication strategies of commercial partners, but to review historical and theoretical perspectives through a systematic review of the Olympic Partners. This facilitates our understanding of why there have been certain historical changes in their marketing communication strategies with regard to CSR and ES. Implications for mega-event managers and future research are also outlined. 相似文献
12.
丁剑翘 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(10):124-125
随着北京奥运会的结束,中国也随即进入了后奥运时代,本文从中西方体育价值观形成的文化体系入手,站在中国传统文化的角度上反思中国人在奥运会结束之后在健康观、经济观、社会观、政治观和荣誉观等方面的变化,以此来重新认识中国体育价值观。 相似文献
13.
AbstractOver the last three centuries (nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first) humanity has been facing huge political and ideological conflicts, especially wars. For these reasons, it was seen how necessary it was to create global institutions that aimed to promote peace and reduce or stop conflicts of this magnitude. Therefore, an international institution had already brought on its premises the principles of international peace and reconciliation through sport: the International Olympic Committee (IOC). However, despite bringing together nations around peaceful ties in an international competition, the IOC and the Olympic Games event have always been affected by constant conflicts along their path in the twentieth century, emphasizing issues involving nationalities. Thereby, in a mediator posture of international conflicts and in an effort to reduce the subversions that surrounded it, the IOC, in the 1990s, created the delegation of Independent Olympic Athletes. Such a delegation consists of athletes who cannot represent their respective nationalities at the Olympics due to political factors and/or armament conflicts. This proposal of the IOC demonstrates its posture to avoid, minimize, and even cease ideological and political events that might interfere with the Olympics Games or the athletes participating in them. 相似文献
14.
国际奥委会新一轮改革蓝本《奥林匹克2020议程》中,围绕"城市与奥林匹克运动"提出了颇具反转、颠覆意味的重大设想,同时也是对"无城来办"现实危机的被动应答。"无城来办",是现代城市开始后现代变革下,奥运会与之不相适应的矛盾体现。这种矛盾于多方面影射:城市规划的集约化与奥运会超大规模之间的矛盾;城市空间的公共化与奥运空间排他性之间的矛盾;城市民生的实际期许与奥运会政治经济宏大设想之间的矛盾;城市生活的休闲化与奥运会工业文明逻辑之间的矛盾。因而,未来奥运会应观望城市风向,跟进城市变化,主动而积极地进行调整与适应,才是实现奥林匹克运动可持续发展的重要路向。 相似文献
15.
由于历史的、现实的以及其他方面的原因,西方文化在奥林匹克文化中始终居垄断地位,表现在奥林匹克文化以西方文化精神为主导;奥运会组织为西方人士所控制;奥运会的项目绝大多数是西方体育项目等。奥林匹克文化垄断性造成国际奥委会决策的偏差和奥运会参赛主体的不公平,同时在某种程度上强化了体育的政治功能,影响了奥林匹克宗旨的实现。因此奥林匹克运动要实现良性发展就必须消除垄断,实现文化上的多元化。 相似文献
16.
Satoshi Shimizu 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(6):601-617
Since the first Modern Olympics in 1896 only a few cities have hosted or will host the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games more than once: London, Paris, Los Angeles, Athens and Tokyo. There is no doubt that the improvements in infrastructures and structural changes that were carried out for Tokyo in preparation for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics demonstrated that ‘Japan was experiencing remarkable economic growth’. The ‘development’ of Tokyo, 97% of the Olympic budget being earmarked for improvements to infrastructures, resulted in excessively centralised politics and economics. Looking at the bidding process to host the 2016 and 2020 Olympics, it can be seen that various expectations of sports are political in nature: from the political problem of remembering legacies as mere representations to the current situation of a nation basing its presence on involvement in the Olympics. The Sports Promotion Act enacted in 1961 was revised 50 years later, and policies on sport came to be regarded as national strategies. The new act became the basis for establishing the Sports Agency and specified governmental support for hosting the international sporting events it promotes. The time has come to seriously consider the necessity of critically arguing about nationalism, as well as how to determine the relationship between a nation and sport in terms of sport governance. 相似文献
17.
Sport has proven to be an unstoppable globalising force. The Olympic Movement has come to epitomise modernisation and the extent to which Western sport has become globalised. The philosophy of Olympism, once resting upon just two pillars of Excellence in Sport and Culture has since 1994 been underpinned by a third, the Environment. All of the Olympic Games host cities now have to support a responsible concern for environmental issues and with that the very sustainability of ‘our’ culture, and sport itself. They must do so by bequeathing a holistic positive legacy from their Games. This paper will analyse the three ‘Asian’ Olympic Summer Olympic Games – Tokyo 1964, Seoul 1988 and Beijing 2008 – by looking at the cultural, sporting and environmental legacies each has left. The discussion of the concept of sustainability as an element of culture will embrace Littig and Griessler’s idea that social sustainability is about the quality of societies expressed through the nature-society relationships and is not merely an economically based notion.1 In this paper we consider the three Asian Summer Olympic Games. Each has been related to a specific nodal point in the host country's national history, as a means of illustrating, indeed emphasising, the always unique impacts of context on event and process. Yet we propose that, locked as they are in distinct epochs and differing cultural, political and economic contexts, they are nonetheless marked in common by an Asian discourse heavily reliant upon economic and nationalistic motivations. The progressive analysis of each Games demonstrates that although each was unique, particularly in regards to the expectations stakeholders had of ‘their Olympics’, all three host nations represented themselves as ‘modern hybrids’ by simultaneously demonstrating their modernised characters and emphasising their ancient cultures. The analysis demonstrates the holistic impact of these events by reference to the wide range of economic, social, cultural and sporting changes that have emerged for each host from each festival. The evaluation of the nature and significance of these legacies reemphasises the impact of the Olympic Games as a vehicle for social change and illustrates the transformative power of sport at national and global levels. 相似文献
18.
民族主义是支撑民族国家参与奥林匹克运动的政治基础，也是冲击奥林匹克运动独立性的介入力量；奥运会是超级大国彰显民族控制力、民族自豪感的舞台，也是中小国家加强民族认同、形成民族凝聚力的手段。奥林匹克运动在与民族主义的交互演进中努力实现自身的理想，应科学看待2008年奥运会和中国民族主义的互动关系。 相似文献
19.
四年一届的奥运会堪称人类集会的轮回形态。2012年的伦敦奥运会同样呈现出活跃的态势。奥运会不仅是体育活动,其所拥有的诸多超体育的附属价值却更为中国人看重。复合化的奥运会不仅未能消解奥运会的竞技因素,反而提升了奥运会的传播学价值,也为过度竞争化的奥运会竞技添加了一种优美的情愫。中国人将参与奥运会当成全民族融入世界主流社会的捷径。进化论是资本主义时代高强度竞争意识的理论原生点。更高、更快、更强的现代奥运思想是人类竞争的终极性思想,进化论和现代奥运会是同一类思想的派生物。中国人更热衷于在各种常规的文化类型中强力地提炼出一种属于自己文化的信仰性元素,奥运会在中国就变成了一种抗拒祛魅的因子,并成为具有理论高度的奥运主义,且逐渐演化为一种中国人的信仰对象。奥运会及其所倡扬的奥运精神也成为百年来对中国文化影响较大文化类型。 相似文献
20.
中国赛艇训练关键问题研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2012年伦敦奥运会是对我国赛艇项目能否续写2008年奥运会辉煌的一次严峻考验。总体上,我国赛艇的女子项目优于男子项目,轻量级项目优于公开级项目,但与世界赛艇优势国家比较仍然存在较大差距。当前,我国赛艇亟待解决竞技能力的长期计划与赛前竞技状态的调控等问题,从运动生物学的角度研究竞技能力的积累和赛前竞技状态的控制。同时,还应该在技术训练和力量训练等方面审视并反思我国赛艇运动当前的训练,积极引进新的训练理念和方法,从运动的经济性和训练的实效性两个方面快速提高我国赛艇训练的质量。 相似文献