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At the beginning of the 2013/2014 season in England and Wales, 90 head coaches of the 92 men's national professional football league clubs and 20 of the 22 men's professional rugby union clubs had tenure as a professional elite player in their respective sports. Moreover, Rynne [(2014). ‘Fast track’ and ‘traditional path’ coaches: Affordances, agency and social capital. Sport, Education and Society, 19, 299–313] has claimed that many former elite athletes are ‘fast-tracked’ through formal accreditation structures into these high-performance coaching roles. The reasons why former elite athletes dominate head coaching roles in professional sports clubs and why a ‘fast-track’ pathway from elite athlete to high-performance coach is supported remain unclear. Thereby the present study sought to address this issue by investigating the basis for ‘fast-tracked’ head coaching appointments. Eight male directors of men's professional football and rugby union clubs in England were interviewed to examine how particular coaching skills and sources of knowledge were valorised. Drawing upon Bourdieu's conceptual framework, the results suggested that head coaching appointments were often based upon the perceived ability of head coaches gaining player ‘respect’. Experiences gained during earlier athletic careers were assumed to provide head coaches with the ability to develop practical sense and an elite sporting habitus commensurate with the requirements of the field of elite sports coaching. This included leadership and practical coaching skills to develop technical and tactical astuteness, from which, ‘respect’ could be quickly gained and maintained. The development of coaching skills was rarely associated with only formal coaching qualifications. The ‘fast-tracking’ of former athletes for high-performance coaching roles was promoted by directors to ensure the perpetuation of specific playing and coaching philosophies. Consequently, this may exclude groups from coaching roles in elite men's sport. The paper concludes by outlining how these findings might imply a disjuncture between the skills promoted during formal coaching qualifications and the expectations club directors have of elite coaches in these sports. 相似文献
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职业足球运动本质上是市场经济的商业行为,职业足球主要利益主体是处于法律平等地位的职业足球俱乐部、球员、行业管理协会等社会组织团体和自然人主体。在我国,职业足球俱乐部与球员之间是劳动合同的法律关系;职业足球俱乐部之间是合伙型联营的法律关系;职业足球俱乐部与足球协会之间既可能表现为平等主体之间的民事法律关系,又可能是不平等主体之间的行政管理关系。 相似文献
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There has been very little study of female football spectators, especially in a historical context. This paper aims to demonstrate that despite the restrictions placed on women's leisure time in this period, it is clear from evidence that a small but significant number of women could and did attend professional football matches throughout the period, and participated as consumers in this new leisure industry. Contrary to some modern readings that assume that the female football spectator is a relatively new phenomenon, patterns of leisure consumption were similar for women in this context, albeit with certain important restrictions, such as available leisure time, money, and parental and familial responsibilities. The study illustrates the potential female market for professional football, using numerous examples of women attending matches gathered from contemporary evidence, especially from the cotton area of South East Lancashire, where there was a concentration of early professional clubs within an economically developed industrialised society. It discusses issues of identity, both regional and local, and with respect to particular football clubs. It also describes female reactions to incidents, players and significant events, indicating the similarities and differences between the sexes, and addresses the issue of how far women were fans as well as spectators. There is also some discussion of the patterns of consumption of female spectators, and an attempt to establish a profile for them. The study uses local newspapers from Lancashire as its main primary source material. As there is little other direct information on the subject, such local materials are an important source for the history of this aspect of professional football, as they are for other areas of Victorian and Edwardian social history. 相似文献
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中国职业足球俱乐部联盟建立的必要性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立中国职业足球联盟的必要性在于:(1)可以弥补足球项目管理的宏观和微观性失灵,增强俱乐部的博弈力量;(2)使所有者监督成为可能;(3)联盟可改变委托-代理性质,从而产生高效的管理绩效;(4)职业足球俱乐部的成长需要更为高效、专业的组织提供所需的公共服务,以解决公共性失灵问题;(5)有效解决俱乐部高成本问题。提出未来中国职业联盟的构想:(1)明确联盟与足协的权力边界;(2)联盟要保护职业俱乐部之间的竞争与合作;(3)足协成员进入联盟决策层,是防止俱乐部业主合谋的约束机制。 相似文献
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近日,职业足球联盟筹备工作再度重启,社会组织开始成为重要力量参与到职业足球的治理体系中,并由此带来了政社关系的转变,标志着我国职业足球治理模式的重构进入了“突变”期。基于跨时间的多人、多轮访谈调研,借鉴治理理论,从政社关系视角对我国职业足球治理模式的历史、现状与发展进行分析。首先,回顾了我国职业足球治理由“政府管控”模式演进为“政府主导、社会协同”模式的发展过程;其次,论述当前我国职业足球的塔状结构治理模式,归纳出职业足球组织间关系交叉、组织内运行机制不够完善2个方面的治理问题,并认为职业足球治理体系中各主体目标不同、改革的顶层设计与执行实施存在差异、社会组织发展较薄弱和发展环境的非均衡等是造成问题的主要原因;最后,针对上述讨论提出我国职业足球“平等—协作”治理模式构想,并从实现条件、实施方式和保障体系3个层面提出其实现路径。 相似文献
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中英职业足球俱乐部主要经济来源对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
雷旭 《西安体育学院学报》2006,23(5):37-39,93
从职业足球俱乐部的门票收入、广告赞助和电视转播等三大经济来源作为切入点,比较分析中超与英超职业足球俱乐部在市场经营运作与管理方面存在的差距,中超俱乐部应研究市场经济规律,学习英超职业俱乐部先进的经营理念和优良的服务意识,以提高中超职业足球俱乐部的经营能力。 相似文献
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分析我国职业足球俱乐部组织结构的发展历程、现状以及与国外职业足球俱乐部组织结构设计的差异,发现我国职业足球俱乐部的组织结构设计不断发展,以战绩为核心的组织结构设计特征明显,忽视了经营开发和公共关系管理。通过研究,建议我国职业足球俱乐部采用扁平化的组织结构设计、依托母公司管理资源完善业务部门设置,最后从根本上提出了新的组织结构设计模型。 相似文献
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Rasmus Nissen 《Soccer & Society》2017,18(4):533-553
Professional football clubs exist in a complex environment consisting of multiple stakeholders. When a club is unable to fulfil what is expected of it, its stakeholders are usually quick to express their dissatisfaction. This constant exposure to critical voices, and the fact that clubs are deeply dependent on their stakeholders, not least financially, makes identity construction a very important task. Perceiving identity as a social process in which self-expressions and external stakeholder images interact, the purpose of this study is to examine how the Danish football club, Brøndby IF, constructs its identity. The analysis shows how Brøndby to some extent chooses to ignore external perceptions of the club, which leads to further criticism. The study suggests how football directors should prioritize to construct a well-balanced identity that includes both internal and external perceptions of the club in order to stay attractive to stakeholders and secure future collaboration and funding. 相似文献
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David Kennedy 《Sport in Society》2015,18(4):497-513
This study highlights the efforts of grass-roots, not-for-profit football clubs to create a sustainable game that, at the elite level, has become decoupled from the local communities most originated from. Examples are offered of clubs specifically set up in response to what are seen as unacceptable levels of infringement by the market into football, and of clubs that have been specifically set up as part of a wider organizational resistance to the ravages of neoliberalism. Fundamentally, the task here is to contextualize these clubs in relation to their various points of resistance and involvement in the dynamics of commodification and decommodification and within this context to provide conclusions regarding the meaning and significance of these organizations. Thus located, it is argued that elements of the grass-roots game form part of an alternative social relation irreconcilable with the current social system that views us as passive consumers of the commodities it produces; a social relation which creates the possibility of a non-alienating system for the provision of our needs operating via a network of enterprises outside of the laws of the market. 相似文献
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调查研究国外职业足球俱乐部先进的运行机制,并与我国职业足球俱乐部运行机制进行对比分析,探讨目前我国足球俱乐部运行机制中存在的不足,分析我国职业足球俱乐部运行机制的可持续发展问题。 相似文献
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AbstractMany Chinese professional football clubs change their names more frequently compared with professional football clubs outside of China. By analyzing the historical data of football development history, the title of the sponsorship of professional football clubs in China, as well as the change of property rights, and adopting the method of documentation and browsing method of portals and internet platforms such as the official website of Chinese Football Association, Baibu baike, and Netease CSL data live system, the titles of sponsorship of professional football clubs in China are changed frequently with significant club clustering. Many clubs even have fixed titles but have changed them along with the change in sponsors. The change in a football club title shall be triggered by factors such as the change of economic factors, the change in institutional factors and the combined action of economic factors and institutional factors together. However, the fundamental reason for the frequent change of clubs’ titles shall be the undefined property structures of most clubs, as well as the issues of club brand values and property right confirmation. 相似文献
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我国职业足球俱乐部财务监管制度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张伟 《西安体育学院学报》2012,29(2):168-172
我国职业足球俱乐部财务监管制度的科学性、有效性是促进职业足球俱乐部健康发展的重要保障。当前我国足球职业俱乐部财务监管制度的缺位主要体现在足球俱乐部资产缺少有效评估以及资金运作存在随意性,研究认为通过对我国职业足球俱乐部财务监管实施产权多元化,完善资产评估体系,加强俱乐部财务的内部控制和社会监督,可实现职业足球俱乐部财务监管的健康有序发展。 相似文献
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欧洲职业足球俱乐部所有权特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
欧洲职业足球俱乐部所有权形式多种多样,包括会员协会、私人公司和公众公司三种,其中私人公司最多。德国、西班牙还保留了一些原始的会员协会所有的俱乐部,超过一半的英格兰足球俱乐部已经被外国投资者控股。绝大多数欧洲职业足球俱乐部都实行了公司化改造。公众公司形式的俱乐部所有权形式成为欧洲职业足球俱乐部普遍的现象。总之,欧洲职业足球俱乐部所有权具有多样性、公司性、开放性和国际化特征。 相似文献
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我国职业足球俱乐部利益群体的特征和利益诉求 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以我国职业足球利益群体的特征与利益诉求分析为主线,将构成我国职业足球俱乐部的利益群体分为俱乐部、职业球员和行业管理者,并在此基础上分析不同利益群体的特点及其利益诉求的差异性,以及我国职业足球俱乐部各利益群体在职业联赛中的稳定性目标. 相似文献
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我国职业足球俱乐部形象策划研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
良好的俱乐部形象有利于增强俱乐部的竞争力,提高俱乐部的经济效益和社会效益。足球俱乐部形象由理念形象、行为形象、视觉形象构成。通过实施CIS战略,特别是行为形象的策划,有助于俱乐部塑造良好的形象,促进俱乐部健康稳定地发展。 相似文献
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The topic of corruption in football has recently shifted from the periphery to the centre of social scientific attention. Although it is a topic of growing interest, research into corruption in football has been empirically limited and not adequately developed in theory. In this paper, the author studies referee bribery in Chinese professional football leagues, which would be helpful to compensate for the relative absence of experience and theories. By qualitatively analyzing primary and secondary sources, the author, using unspoken rules as a theoretical perspective, reviews referee bribery related to corruption in Chinese football. According to this study, bribing referees in Chinese professional football leagues between 1998 and 2009 was a common practice and deemed to be an unspoken rule by all football clubs. This paper identifies three forms of bribing referees to manipulate matches: paying off referees, manipulation of referees by CFA officials, and investing in emotional bonds. By describing bribe giving as an unspoken rule, the author looks at the widespread referee bribing and its tacit acknowledgement by clubs. This study focuses on examples related to Chinese football leagues; however, it also provides a framework under which corruption in international football can be understood and analyzed. 相似文献
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我国足球后备人才培养现状刍议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过查阅相关文献资料,阐述当前我国足球后备人才培养现状及存在的问题。当前我国足球后备人才培养主要以职业足球俱乐部梯队建设和足球学校、业余俱乐部为主,中、小学在培养足球后备人才上发挥作用不明显。主要是因为各职业俱乐部把联赛放在第一位,无暇顾及自己的后备梯队的培养,以及受我国教育制度等因素影响,学校足球运动开展不力。 相似文献
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论我国职业足球俱乐部品牌创建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究采用文献资料调研、问卷调查和数理统计等方法,以品牌理论的“品牌资产”作为基本分析单位,通过对国外足球俱乐部品牌建设成功经验的分析,提出品牌是俱乐部重要的无形资产与核心竞争力,是我国职业足球俱乐部长期、稳定、健康发展的关键,我国足球俱乐部要增强品牌意识,把创建品牌作为俱乐部发展的核心战略之一。俱乐部品牌创建的过程实质上就是建立以观众为本的品牌资产的过程,其目的是要提高俱乐部的忠诚度、知名度、认知度、美誉度和联想度。我国职业足球俱乐部品牌创建的对策是:提高比赛质量、增强俱乐部信誉、建设俱乐部文化、加快俱乐部科技进步、改进联赛服务质量、强化公共关系、加强广告宣传、完善俱乐部管理、建立观众忠诚。 相似文献
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中国足球俱乐部经营提升的策略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对中国足球宏观环境中经济、人口、社会文化三个因素的剖析,结合中国职业足球俱乐部的经营现状,发现中国足球俱乐部面临经营资金不足、赢利模式单一,俱乐部产权、组织结构不明晰,高水平经营管理缺失,俱乐部品牌经营观念淡薄等现实问题.在此基础上提出中国足球俱乐部应在经营上拓宽筹资渠道、完善赢利模式,引进培养高级经营管理人才,树立品牌意识、塑造品牌内涵,成为真正符合国际足球运动发展趋势的独立企业. 相似文献