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1.
This article brings together results from a number of separate studies carried out in 2004 and 2005 analysing the results of user surveys in UK academic libraries. Results from four LibQUAL?+?? surveys and six surveys based on a template available from the Society of College, National and University Libraries are compared. Several common themes emerging from the analyses are examined, including differences in response rates and library behaviour between the various user groups, and the relative importance of a range of library services. Discrepancies between the responses of library staff and their users in areas such as the provision of information resources are noted. Associations between campus libraries and subject disciplines are likely to influence interpretation of survey results within institutions. There are similarities in the overall picture of user behaviour provided by both survey instruments. The implications for service development and delivery are discussed and a pilot benchmarking study reported.  相似文献   

2.
A survey of academic reference librarians provided data for an examination of differences in survey administration on paper and the World Wide Web, with particular attention to response rates, response time/quickness, sampling bias, and differences in responses that are related to the medium of administration. Three methods of survey distribution were compared: paper survey distributed by mail, Web survey announced by mail, and Web survey announced by e-mail. Response rates for the Web survey were not as high as with traditional survey methods. Responses to the Web survey were returned more quickly, but not by a great deal. E-mail notices were more effective for promoting the Web survey than paper notices. The study detected no sampling bias or differences in the content of responses. Although the advantages of Web survey administration are alluring, researchers must use carefully designed follow-up procedures and avoid technology-related implementation problems to match the effectiveness of traditional paper surveys.  相似文献   

3.
Based on publication data on coronavirus-related fields, this study applies a difference in differences approach to explore the evolution of gender inequalities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing the differences in the numbers and shares of authorships, leadership in publications, gender composition of collaboration, and scientific impacts. We find that, during the pandemic: (1) females’ leadership in publications as the first author was negatively affected; (2) although both females and males published more papers relative to the pre-pandemic period, the gender gaps in the share of authorships have been strengthened due to the larger increase in males’ authorships; (3) the share of publications by mixed-gender collaboration declined; (4) papers by teams in which females play a key role were less cited in the pre-pandemic period, and this citation disadvantage was exacerbated during the pandemic; and (5) gender inequalities regarding authorships and collaboration were enhanced in the initial stage of COVID-19, widened with the increasing severity of COVID-19, and returned to the pre-pandemic level in September 2020. This study shows that females’ lower participation in teams as major contributors and less collaboration with their male colleagues also reflect their underrepresentation in science in the pandemic period. This investigation significantly deepens our understanding of how the pandemic influenced academia, based on which science policies and gender policy changes are proposed to mitigate the gender gaps.  相似文献   

4.
Content Addressable Memories (CAMs) are useful as accelerators for search-intensive programs such as rule-based systems, database applications, documents retrieval and pattern matching. Many applications in these areas required searching long words that are too wide to fit into most commercially available CAM chips. To date, only one commercial chip is available with on-chip support for searching multi-word keys associatively. This chip, however, needs K cycles to search logical keys that are K words long. In this paper, we introduce the architecture of a CAM chip that allows cascading to increase the word-size and the number of words, and yet maintain the search rate constant through the use of a technique called response pipelining. Response pipelining allows the logical word size to be increased by a factor of K but maintains a search and operation completion rate of one per cycle, i.e. the search rate remains independent of K. Response pipelining provides this ability by incorporating very negligible hardware in each chip; response pipelining also allows the board level wiring to be kept very simple. Prototype CAM chips (Response Pipelined CAMs-RPCAMS) have been implemented in a 2-micron CMOS process with 2 metal layers. We describe the response pipelining technique and its potential advantages, as well as the architectural details of the RPCAM chips. Results of using the RPCAM as accelerators for search-intensive applications that require relatively long keys show that significant performance gains are possible through their use. The RPCAM chips are thus ideal as building blocks for large associative arrays.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

This paper follows an earlier contribution which described the emergence of popular information networks, the resource centre fora in South Africa in the 1980s and 1990s. This update on the fora sketches their contribution to the National Education Policy Investigation’s Library and Information Services report which put forward national policy options. The resource centre fora’s role in the new Translis (Transforming our Library and Information Services) Coalition is described and their representation at the International Federation of Library Association’s conference in Barcelona in August 1993 noted.

Finally, the role of the resource centres and their fora in the shifting paradigms in library and information work leading up to, and shortly after, the April 1994 election is reviewed. Crucial challenges are identified as funding, resisting 'agenda setting' by funders, and serving the rural areas effectively. Practical suggestions are made about reaching women in particular, about training and needs assessment. Finally the importance of the fora’s meeting these challenges and making a contribution to reconstruction and development is noted.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use and importance of examining dissertations listed in scholarly journals, while focusing on a critical period of French doctoral education in historical studies. French dissertations in history were bibliometrically examined from Revue historique, a mainstream history journal published in France. Prior to 1984, there existed three separate doctoral degrees in France for the social sciences and the humanities. Data from 1976 to 1990 were profiled reflecting critical changes to the French doctoral process as it underwent a period of doctoral reform. The period 1983–1990 is examined critically for its significance with respect to transformation and changes in degree structure, subdisciplinary evolution and periodization. Journals listing dissertations can be examined for their disciplinary indicators. Understanding these changes in gray literature is critical for researchers using French doctoral dissertations in historical studies.  相似文献   

7.
This study examines the job satisfaction of library information technology (IT) workers in relation to demographic, socioeconomic, and work-related variables, such as a sense of belonging, faith in wanting to belong, a feeling of acceptance, paying dues, job autonomy, the broker's role, and promotion opportunities. A total of 443 mail surveys were sent to a sample of IT workers at 30 university member libraries of Association of Research Libraries in the United States. A total of 202 surveys were returned, resulting in a 45.6% response rate. This study found that salary, an MLS degree, a sense of belonging, faith in wanting to belong, a feeling of acceptance, job autonomy, and promotion opportunities were related to job satisfaction of the library IT workers. This study provides some explanations as to why some IT workers are more satisfied with their jobs than others, thereby contributing to improving the quality of their work lives.  相似文献   

8.
This study investigated changes in the internationality of national publishers' journals for the period 1990–2013. The patterns of foreign and interregional authorship in papers and references of 4,199 journals from 3,529 publishers were analyzed. The results revealed that foreign authorship increased from 36% to 62% during the period, but interregional authorship only grew from 77% to 82%. The growth in internationality is not the same across disciplines and regions of the world. Agricultural sciences, psychiatry/psychology, and economics and business have the least number of foreign authors, while journals in space science, mathematics, and physics have the most. According to the number of both foreign‐authored papers and foreign‐authored citations, clinical medicine is one of the least international fields. Latin America and Middle East publishers have a greater tendency to publish papers from authors in their countries. In contrast, national publishers in North America have become considerably more international over time. Russia, China, and Brazil publish the least number of foreign authored‐papers in their journals, while Switzerland's journals publish the most.  相似文献   

9.
《Public Library Quarterly》2012,31(4):388-409
ABSTRACT

Results of two surveys and a study process for public library members of a Kansas regional library system are described. Information and observations are presented from participants who identify seven key areas for development including the library’s (1) relationship with its community, (2) accessibility and services, (3) technology, (4) e-readers and digital collections, (5) physical space, (6) staffing, and (7) funding. Two general themes–re-purposing of existing physical space and increased growth of the virtual library–are identified. Public librarians may frame the areas for change in the context of their own experiences and planning for the future.  相似文献   

10.
This paper follows an earlier contribution which described the emergence of popular information networks, the resource centre fora in South Africa in the 1980s and 1990s. This update on the fora sketches their contribution to the National Education Policy Investigation's Library and Information Services report which put forward national policy options. The resource centre fora's role in the new Translis (Transforming our Library and Information Services) Coalition is described and their representation at the International Federation of Library Association's conference in Barcelona in August 1993 noted.Finally, the role of the resource centres and their fora in the shifting paradigms in library and information work leading up to, and shortly after, the April 1994 election is reviewed. Crucial challenges are identified as funding, resisting 'agenda setting' by funders, and serving the rural areas effectively. Practical suggestions are made about reaching women in particular, about training and needs assessment. Finally the importance of the fora's meeting these challenges and making a contribution to reconstruction and development is noted.  相似文献   

11.
Aim:The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the citing behavior of geomatics postgraduate students at the Wuhan University in China. These students constitute one of the main user groups of Wuhan University Library and the analysis of their use of literature (through the means of citation analysis) can yield valuable insights against which to benchmark and inform collection development policy and other services at the Information Technology Library (ITL) at Wuhan University.Design/methodology/approach:In this project, 9317 citations in 21 PhD and 180 MSc theses submitted at the Wuhan University in the years of 1988, 1996, and 2004 were analyzed. All cited materials were divided by output format (monographs, proceedings, journal articles) and the more in-depth analysis was conducted for all cited journals. The following characteristics of the cited journal literature were analyzed: subject, age, language, and dispersion of journal titles.Findings:An increased use of journal literature in bibliographies of geomatics theses was observed over time. A trend to increase citations to international conference proceedings was also noted as well as a trend to cite more journals in disciplines other than surveying and mapping. It was also noted that, over time, citations to documents in languages other than Chinese and English have significantly decreased (in some cases, disappeared). Large dispersion among the most frequently cited journals in different time periods (only 25% of titles were repeated in 1988, 1996, and 2004 top ranking journal lists) was also noted. It was also noted that the core of geomatics literature is expanding (it now takes 42% of journal titles to cover 80% of all citations).Practical implications:By analyzing citation patterns of the graduate students of geomatics in China, we can track the developments and changes within that discipline in China and can compare these trends internationally (e.g. increased role of a journal, the importance of conference proceedings, domination of the English-language sources, dispersion of journal literature, and increasing multidisciplinarity of the discipline). The techniques and methods used in this study can be replicated to study other disciplines. Also, it is hoped that the findings of this research will inform collection development planning, development of reference services, and information literacy training.  相似文献   

12.
A new compliance-gaining technique is introduced called the “just-one-more” (JOM) technique that increases compliance rates by including the phrase “I just need one more person to help.” Two studies are reported (N = 160 in each). The first established the effectiveness of the technique as compared to a direct request. The second tested the hypothesis that goal difficulty moderates the technique's effectiveness in a 2 (JOM or direct request) × 2 (requester needs five surveys or 100). Results indicate that the JOM was substantially more effective than a direct request in the 100 surveys condition but not the five.  相似文献   

13.
社会科学引文的离散性研究——基于JCR社科版指标分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
《期刊引证报告》(JCR)是美国科技信息研究所于1975年出版的一种独特的多学科期刊分析评价工具。通过对2005年的JCR社会科学版数据的统计分析可知,社会科学引文在基本符合布拉德福定律的情况下离散程度有所缩小,在社会科学领域较多的期刊承担着学术交流任务,因此不能笼统地说社会科学引文在期刊中的分布符合布拉德福定律,而应该注意到它的集中分散有一定的特殊性。  相似文献   

14.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(38):99-108
The 1990's are seeing increased demands for accountability and assessment in higher education. Business leaders and external evaluators are looking for evidence of problem-solving and decision-making skills in college graduates. Within this changing environment, instructional librarians have opportunities to integrate the problem-solving and decision-making skills taught in bibliographic instruction programs into the larger instructional goals of thew institutions. These opportunities will require more accountability, knowledge, and expertlse in librarians themselves, and will also necessitate the use of a wide range of practical assessment methods. Such techniques could include use of writing samples, interviews and ethnographic studies, flexible information skills matrices, and surveys of employers.  相似文献   

15.
Determining the size of the CD-ROM market has always been a difficult task. The availability of sales surveys seems to offer a solution to predict market size. However, these surveys need careful scrutiny and evaluation to draw any meaningful conclusions. These surveys generally study only the consumer market which is usually viewed as more profitable than narrower markets. This study examines several of these surveys, looking at their assumptions, their deficiencies, and what remains unreported. However, conclusions drawn from one market cannot be extrapolated to make comparisons with other markets. After a brief examination of some of the problems selling to both markets, the article concludes by raising some of the questions that need to be asked in order to understand what the surveys report.  相似文献   

16.
互联网信息可信性是目前学界的研究热点。本文以时间演进为主线,辅以研究主题变化的考察,探讨了20世纪90年代末到目前国外互联网信息可信性研究的发展历程,发现该领域的主要研究特征是:多学科共同研究、研究主题相对稳定、研究对象进一步多元和细分、调研对象以分类趋向为主同时兼顾普适性、研究方法将定量和定性方法相结合。未来互联网信息可信性研究的重点是影响因素研究和用户信息行为环境和情景的考察。  相似文献   

17.
This review was conducted to identify articles written about Geographic Information Systems (GIS) services offered in the United States (US) and Canadian university and college libraries. In the early 1990's, the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) GIS Literacy Project, in partnership with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), helped enable ARL member libraries to create GIS services within their libraries. By the mid to late 1990's, librarians from academic institutions began to write articles that discussed how their library developed GIS services and the components involved with operating a GIS service. Writing about GIS services in academic libraries continued on into the 2000's and 2010's. This review of the literature will document the areas of staffing, service, technology, and data provision for GIS service units from three decades (1990's, 2000's, and 2010's).  相似文献   

18.
This study is the first to evaluate e-government diffusion among local governments in the United States over time. The diffusion rates of various types of e-government services are measured and analyzed over two decades. E-government surveys conducted by the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) from 2000 to 2011 provide an early trendline of e-government services offered, and an original two-wave panel survey was conducted in 2014 and 2019 collecting data, which extends this timeline and offers new ways to measure adoption in this later period. The panel survey includes the same 83 cities randomly selected from all cities with populations over 50,000, representing over 10% of medium and large size cities in the U.S.The findings of this study provide a clear picture that cities across the nation have increasingly adopted a wide set of e-gov services, with some reaching near complete diffusion. A total of 45 different e-government services are evaluated, with similar e-government services organized together into informational, interactive, multimedia, financial, and social media scaled variables for further analysis. Adoption and diffusion of e-government services have been neither steady nor uniform. However, from 2014 to 2019 the trend was clear: more cities offered more e-government services more consistently.The findings also offer insights into the characteristics of cities that have adopted e-government innovations earlier than others. Both greater population size and percent of residents with broadband access contribute in a statistically significant way to the number of e-gov services adopted, while other expected independent variables like economic measures of wealth do not. These findings contribute to a broader conversation about how the diffusion of e-government service adoption has changed over time and the extent to which that has affected the relationship between residents and their local governments throughout the first two decades of the 21st Century.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The Texas A&M University Libraries' Interlibrary Services department (ILS) conducted a series of interviews and surveys to ascertain student employees attitudes toward their jobs, suggestions to improve working conditions, effectiveness of training, and other areas of concern. The results and suggestions for improvement are applicable to all interlibrary departments.  相似文献   

20.
Because of the high cost of the 1990 census and the continuedundercoverage of some population subgroups, it has been suggestedthat administrative records be used to supplement or replaceconventional census-taking activities. Very little informationexists concerning public knowledge and attitudes on this topic.The most extensive information to date comes from questionsasked on several IRS surveys of taxpayers. In late 1993 an opportunitypresented itself to add a small number of questions about datasharing to national telephone surveys conducted by the WisconsinLetters and Sciences Survey Center. Here we report on an analysisof these data.  相似文献   

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