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《体育科技文献通报》2003,(6)
G804.49 20032562肌肉形态特征与肌肉力量相关研究=The relativeresearch between force and mophology ofmuscle[刊,中,A]/张海平(沈阳体育学院)//沈阳体育学院学报.-2003(1).-44-46,53参43(SJ)肌肉力量//人体测量//研究 肌肉力量是人体运动的基本素质,与肌肉形态有关,更有赖于肌肉的横断面积大小。测量人体肌肉的形态指标或肌肉的横断面积,推测肌肉力量,并对不同人群的肌肉力量进行比较,探索肌肉形态特征与肌肉力量的内在规律,这对运动员训练水平的评估、运动损伤的治疗与康复及科学选材等方面都具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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肌肉形态特征与肌肉力量相关研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
张海平 《沈阳体育学院学报》2003,32(1):44-46,53
肌肉力量是人体运动的基本素质 ,与肌肉形态有关 ,更有赖于肌肉的横断面积大小。测量人体肌肉的形态指标或肌肉的横断面积 ,推测肌肉力量 ,并对不同人群的肌肉力量进行比较 ,探索肌肉形态特征与肌肉力量的内在规律 ,这对运动员训练水平的评估、运动损伤的治疗与康复及科学选材等方面都具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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浅谈肌肉力量的测试及应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
张海平 《沈阳体育学院学报》2002,(4):56-57
肌肉力量是人体运动的基本素质 ,人体的各种活动均以肌肉的收缩为动力 ,牵拉骨杠杆 ,围绕关节枢纽进行。目前 ,肌肉力量测定以Cybex等动肌力测量系统应用最为广泛。了解和掌握肌肉力量的测试手段及应用 ,对探讨肌肉力量与肌肉形态间的内在关系 ,科学指导体育训练具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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用每周一次的肌肉力量训练频率的方法,对高校从未受过常规定期的肌肉力量训练普通大学生,进行在每周一次的体育课上进行了为期10周的肌肉力量训练实验,以观察肌肉力量训练产生的效果。训练前后为他们测试了卧推杠铃和直立杠铃弯举的成绩（1RM）,还分别测量了练习前后大腿围和上臂围等。训练周期以后1RM比开始前增加了10%以上,不管是卧推杠铃还是直立杠铃弯举等项目都有明显的进步。结果表明,每周一次频率的肌肉力量练习确实能增加大学生的肌肉力量,但这种形式的锻炼并未能使身体形态发生明显的变化。 相似文献
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肌肉力量是指人体肌肉工作时依靠肌肉紧张克服或对抗阻力的能力。对任何运动员来说,发展肌肉力量都是训练必不可少的组成部分。我们常说力量素质是身体素质中最基本最重要的素质,没有力量就没有运动。可见发展力量素质的重要。冬训即将来临,运动员都面临尽快提高自己的力量素质的问题。但力量训练在运动员的训练中,并没有很好解决,在力量训练过程中,还存在着各种问题。有些运动员的力量训练收效甚微;有些运动员觉得力量素质虽有所增加,但他的运动成绩却下降了;有些运动员觉得肌肉体积明显增加了,但力量却越来越差;跳跃项目的运动员担心练力… 相似文献
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四、身体素质发展的年龄特征身体素质是指从事体力劳动或体育运动时所表现出来的肌肉工作的基本能力。素质能力包括力最、速度、耐力和柔韧。(一)力量:是指人体肌肉在工作时收缩与放松的能力。肌肉力罱的大小主要与神经系统的调节、反应、协调配合、肌肉的发育等因素有关。力量又分最大力量、快速力量和力量耐力。不同的力量,在不同的年龄阶段发展不同。 相似文献
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自由式滑雪空中技巧是一项对体能要求极大的难美性项目,而其中力量训练又是最重要的。在一个完整的动作中,运动员需要经过三个不同的基本动作环节:起跳、翻转、落地。每一个基本的动作环节都对不同部位的肌肉力量以及肌肉的工作性质有着不同的要求。通过对基本动作环节的研究将动力性力量和稳定性力量区分开来,并且探讨它们的训练方法。 相似文献
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本文从掌握短跑的基本技术,增大肌肉收缩力量,提高肌肉、关节的灵活性和柔韧性、节省能量和提高速度耐力等方面,探讨了肌肉协调放松对提高短跑运动成绩的重要作用。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):61-85
Abstract Cadence is one of the only variables cyclists can adjust to manage their performance and fatigue during an event. Not surprisingly, cadence has received a great deal of attention from the scientific community in an effort to identify the cadence that optimizes power output while minimizing the fatigue that is incurred. The literature appears to present conflicting results with little consensus as regards the optimal pedalling cadence. This is in large part due to the inconsistent definition of the term “optimal” cadence, which has been used to describe energetic cost, muscular stress, and perception of effort. The issue is further confounded by the workload-dependent nature of the “optimal” cadence – that is, at higher power outputs, the optimized cadence is different from that at lower power outputs. Although the optimal cadence is different for energetic, muscular, and perceptual definitions, the curves that describe the effect of changes in cadence on these variables consistently exhibit a J-shaped response. This suggests that there is an underlying principle that is common to each of the definitions. Indeed, it would appear that the response of both the cardio-respiratory system (energetic cost) and the muscular system (muscular stress) is determined by the types of muscle motor units that are recruited during the exercise. Furthermore, although part of the response may be due to the inherent differences in the characteristics between the different motor units, the absolute contraction velocity relative to fibre type optimum may be of greater significance. Even when the power output is increased, the shape of the response curves to changes in cadence remains constant, although the nadir of the curve does shift to the right for increasing power outputs. We propose that the point at which the energetic vs. power and the muscular stress vs. power curves intercept is defined by the cadence at which the perceived effort is minimized (i.e. the preferred cadence). However, cadence fluctuations occur under field conditions that are unrelated to physiological factors and, therefore, the ability to identify an “optimal” cadence is limited to the laboratory environment and specific field conditions. 相似文献
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血中乳酸浓度与迟发性肌肉酸痛的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
把15位3年级学生分成3组为研究对象,在离心收缩式运动前分别实施伸展操及热身运动,再以离心收缩式运动诱发迟性肌肉酸痛,并用High氏肌肉酸痛量表探讨辅助运动是否有助于减轻离心式运动所造成的迟发性肌肉酸痛.同时检查运动前后各种肌细胞内酶(如AST,LDH,CPK)释放的情形,以评估了心收缩式运动造成的肌肉伤害的程度以及肌肉伤害是否因运动前的辅助运动而减轻,同时还检查了血中乳酸和迟发性肌肉酸痛的关系及不同的辅助运动对运动后血中乳酸浓度的影响. 相似文献
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Abstract An investigation was undertaken to determine possible age and race difference between Black and Caucasian girls ages 6, 7, and 8 years. Ninety female subjects were administered 28 test items measuring speed, muscular power, agility, flexibility, balance, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Few significant differences were observed between adjacent ages but 8-year-old females were significantly superior to the 6-year-old subjects on most motor performance variables utilized. For race comparisons, no significant differences were noted for measures of flexibility, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, speed, balance, or muscular power. The Black subjects were significantly superior on two measures of agility while the Caucasian subjects performed significantly better on the time-limit shuttle run and grip strength. 相似文献
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Bjørn Harald Olstad João Rocha Vaz Christoph Zinner Jan M.H. Cabri Per-Ludvik Kjendlie 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(11):1107-1117
The aims of this study were to describe muscular activation patterns and kinematic variables during the complete stroke cycle (SC) and the different phases of breaststroke swimming at submaximal and maximal efforts. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was collected from eight muscles in nine elite swimmers; five females (age 20.3 ± 5.4 years; Fédération Internationale de Natation [FINA] points 815 ± 160) and four males (27.7 ± 7.1 years; FINA points 879 ± 151). Underwater cameras were used for 3D kinematic analysis with automatic motion tracking. The participants swam 25 m of breaststroke at 60%, 80% and 100% effort and each SC was divided into three phases: knee extension, knee extended and knee flexion. With increasing effort, the swimmers decreased their SC distance and increased their velocity and stroke rate. A decrease during the different phases was found for duration during knee extended and knee flexion, distance during knee extended and knee angle at the beginning of knee extension with increasing effort. Velocity increased for all phases. The mean activation pattern remained similar across the different effort levels, but the muscles showed longer activation periods relative to the SC and increased integrated sEMG (except trapezius) with increasing effort. The muscle activation patterns, muscular participation and kinematics assessed in this study with elite breaststroke swimmers contribute to a better understanding of the stroke and what occurs at different effort levels. This could be used as a reference for optimising breaststroke training to improve performance. 相似文献
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神经递质和调质对运动性中枢疲劳影响的研究进展(综述) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肌肉疲劳是一种很复杂的现象。随着新技术的应用和神经生物学研究的发展，运动性中枢(CNS)疲劳的研究也取得了突破性进展。现已提出了几种解释中枢疲劳的生物机制，其中涉及到了一些中枢神经递质和调质，就此对这一领域的最新研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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Brody EB Hatfield BD Spalding TW Frazer MB Caherty FJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2000,71(2):162-170
Force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps and triceps brachii were measured in 15 strength-trained men during maximal isometric action of the forearm flexors, with the elbow at 90 degrees, following 20-s periods of psyching (PSY), reading aloud (RA), and mental arithmetic (MA). Perceived arousal and attentional focus ratings for PSY were greater than those obtained for RA and MA, which were undifferentiated. Perceived effort, biceps and triceps EMG, and maximal force did not differ across conditions. Therefore, in highly trained men under conditions of brief exertion, when the biomechanics of the muscular action were controlled, psyching resulted in a perception of enhanced readiness but did not influence force or muscular activation differently from psychological states that were preceded by distraction. 相似文献
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The main purpose of this study was to develop a Rasch Measurement Physical Fitness Scale (RMPFS) based on physical fitness indicators routinely used in Hong Kong primary schools. A total of 9,439 records of students' performances on physical fitness indicators, retrieved from the database of a Hong Kong primary school, were used to develop the Rasch scale. Following a series of iterative Rasch analyses that adopted the “data should fit the model” approach, four physical fitness indicators (i.e., 6-min run, 9-min run, 1-min sit-ups, and dominant handgrip) were successfully calibrated to form the RMPFS. The RMPFS and its scale indicators showed fit to the Rasch model sufficient for the intended purposes of measuring the overall fitness of children. The overall physical fitness measure reflects children's fitness on three key core components of physical fitness (i.e., cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and muscular strength). Advantages of the RMPFS are discussed, and recommendations for future research follow. The findings of this study provide a better knowledge basis for interpreting children's physical fitness assessment results. 相似文献
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Megan A. Bryanton Jason P. Carey Michael D. Kennedy 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):122-138
Hip extensor strategy, specifically relative contribution of gluteus maximus versus hamstrings, will influence quadriceps effort required during squat exercise, as hamstrings and quadriceps co-contract at the knee. This research examined the effects of hip extensor strategy on quadriceps relative muscular effort (RME) during barbell squat. Inverse dynamics-based torque-driven musculoskeletal models were developed to account for hamstrings co-contraction. Net joint moments were calculated using 3D motion analysis and force platform data. Hamstrings co-contraction was modelled under two assumptions: (1) equivalent gluteus maximus and hamstrings activation (Model 1) and (2) preferential gluteus maximus activation (Model 2). Quadriceps RME, the ratio of quadriceps moment to maximum knee extensor strength, was determined using inverse dynamics only, Model 1 and Model 2. Quadriceps RME was greater in both Models 1 and 2 than inverse dynamics only at barbell loads of 50–90% one repetition maximum. The highest quadriceps RMEs were 120 ± 36% and 87 ± 28% in Models 1 and 2, respectively, which suggests that barbell squats are only feasible using the Model 2 strategy prioritising gluteus maximus versus hamstrings activation. These results indicate that developing strength in both gluteus maximus and quadriceps is essential for lifting heavy loads in squat exercise. 相似文献