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本文通过对民族体中２７名少年男子蹼泳运动员的部分身体形态指标的测试进行选材，并经过系统训练研究分析蹼泳运动成绩与身体形态指标的内在联系与其相关因素，建议从事蹼泳运动业余训练选材时要注重体重指标和腰围、胸围、大腿围大的少年男子运动员。 相似文献
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为了提高蹼泳运动的科学选材和科学训练水平,我们收集了1987年5月广州举行的全运会蹼泳预赛100米蹼泳的部分男优秀运动员的成绩和部分省的男队员在1987年内的100米蹼泳的测验成绩以及他们的主要身体形态指标,进行分析,提出结论供教练员参考。一、研究对象第六届全运会蹼泳预赛的部分优秀运动员邱亚蒂、袁越、付祖斌等和一般水平的省代表队选手。 相似文献
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我国优秀武术散手运动员身体形态的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对我国119名优秀武术散手运动员身体形态指标的测试,分析、探讨了不同级别、不同运动水平散手运动员的身体形态特点,并利用逐步判别分析法和逐步回归法,建立了武术散手运动员形态选材的计算机判别函数和体脂百分比回归方程。 相似文献
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通过测试,以定量的方法对我国女子高水平刀棍和剑枪运动员身体形态特征进行比较分析,获得我国女子刀棍、剑枪运动员的身体形态指标,找出与运动成绩密切相关的指标,以此作为我国武术女子运动员选材、选项的科学理论依据. 相似文献
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张长青 《体育成人教育学刊》2008,24(5)
运动员专项身体形态指标历来是选材和训练监控的重要指标内容，在全面测试了参加我国第10届全国运动会的137名男赛艇运动员的身体形态指标的基础上，对所测数据进行了主成分分析与因子分析，找出了影响赛艇运动员最重要的专项身体形态因素——粗壮程度及其代表指标，为赛艇专项运动选材和训练监控提供参考。 相似文献
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一、单人项目运动员的科学选材单人项目运动员选材测试的内容主要有以下几个方面: 1.身体形态身体形态主要是指身高、体重、四肢躯干的长度、围度、肩宽以及身体各部分的比例关系等。身体形态的具体指标很多,根据我国优秀单跳运动员的身体形态看,我们一般选拔身体匀称,臂腿要直,跟腱细长 相似文献
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根据冬季两项运动女子运动员的身体形态特点,采用文献资料法、数理统计法、比较分析法我国优秀女子中长跑运动员的身体形态指标进行对比分析,研究发现我国女子冬季两项运动员与优秀女子中长跑运动员的身体形态有其共同点,但又存在差异。经过对相关数据的整理和分析,总结出冬季两项运动员的身体形态指标,为我国冬季两项运动在今后的选材过程中提供一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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Front crawl swimmers often restrict the number of breaths they take during a race because of the possible adverse effects of the breathing action on resistance or stroke mechanics. The aim of this study was to determine whether differences exist in the kinematics of the trunk and upper extremity used during preferred-side breathing and breath-holding front crawl swimming. Six male swimmers performed trials at their 200 m race pace under breathing and breath-holding conditions. The underwater arm stroke was filmed from the front and side using video cameras suspended over periscope systems. Video recordings were digitized at 50 Hz and the three-dimensional coordinates of the upper extremity obtained using a direct linear transformation algorithm. Body roll angles were obtained by digitizing video recordings of a balsa wood fin attached to the swimmers' backs. The swimmers performed the breathing action without any decrement in stroke length (mean +/- s: breathing 2.24 +/- 0.27 m; breath-holding 2.15 +/- 0.22 m). Stroke widths were similar in the breathing (0.28 +/- 0.07 m) and breath-holding (0.27 +/- 0.07 m) trials, despite swimmers rolling further when taking a breath (66 +/- 5 degrees) than when not (57 +/- 4 degrees). The timing of the four underwater phases of the stroke was also unaffected by the breathing action, with swimmers rolling back towards the neutral position during the insweep phase. In conclusion, the results suggest that front crawl swimmers can perform the breathing action without it interfering with their basic stroke parameters. The insweep phase of the stroke assists body roll and not vice versa as suggested in previous studies. 相似文献
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参加第27届奥运会游泳比赛的中国运动员的基本形态分析报告 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对我国参加第27届奥运会游泳比赛的21名运动员进行了身高、体重、肢体长度、围度、躯干围度、皮褶厚度等21个基本形态和1个肺活量指标的测试.测试发现,由于我国有多名女子运动员的年龄偏小,身体发育还不够成熟,导致在身高、体重及克托莱指数上比第26届奥运会时有所下降,但仍远远好于日本运动员,肯定了中、日两国运动员成绩上的差距并不是身体条件的差距;我国运动员躯干形态的改善,更加符合人体在水中的运动模式,有效地减少了形态阻力,并与国外优秀运动员的身体形态更为接近;我国运动员的皮褶厚度和体脂%的增加却造成了一定的负面影响. 相似文献
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为准确了解现阶段我国优秀游泳运动员的身体形态特点,特对2006年我国国家游泳集训队125名队员的身体长度、宽度、围度、皮褶厚度等28个形态指标和肺活量、一维重心、骨骼年龄3个指标进行了测试。测试发现：2006年集训队队员的体型更趋于游泳项目所要求的水中减阻的流线型体征;但队员躯干围度指标的发展趋势不利于降低形态阻力,提醒应通过有针对性的训练加以改善。男队员身体长度及其复合指标整体上均好于2004年队员;2006年队员的上臂肌力与呼吸机能有所下降;一维重心与未成年队员骨龄的测量,能为早期重点培养运动员提供科学依据。 相似文献
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This research was theoretical and experimental, with an objective of a better understanding of the physics of fin swimming.
The theoretical work followed Lighthill’s slender body theory (1960). Video measurements were made on underwater fin swimmers
swimming in an annular pool (58.6 m in circumference). This study considers only SCUBA divers. Five male swimmers swam at
five speeds between 0.4 m/s-0.8 m/s. Skilled divers consumed less oxygen and had lower kick frequencies at each speed. The
skilled divers adhered to the requirements of the theory, but not the unskilled. Specifically, the fin’s trailing edge (TE)
lateral velocity was greater than the relative velocity of the water at the TE (requirement 1); which is the most forgiving.
The second requirement is more stringent, and requires the TE lateral velocity and the relative velocity of the water at the
TE to be of the same sign. Violating the first requirement sometimes causes a change in the instantaneous thrust’s direction.
Violating the second requirement almost always produced instantaneous thrust in the opposite direction than the diver’s desired
swimming direction. This study found that the Lighthill model can be used to describe diver fin swimming, which was optimised
when the diver met the two requirements required for efficient thrust. 相似文献
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以山东省游泳队重点运动员为实验对象,通过模拟高住低练方式训练3周,观察运动员身体成分方面的变化.结论：实验组运动员身体成分中以肌肉、蛋白质、水分丢失明显,而体脂无显著变化.可能的机制是缺氧引起的应激反应使机体的分解作用增强. 相似文献
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E Eichenberger B Knechtle P Knechtle CA Rüst T Rosemann R Lepers 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(12):1295-1301
Abstract Little research has examined ultra-endurance swimming performances. The 'English Channel Swim', where swimmers have to cover a distance of 32?km between England and France represents a unique long-distance, open-water, sea-swimming challenge, and each year swimmers from all over the world try to succeed in this challenge. The best times in minutes and the nationality of successful men and women swimmers were analysed from 1900 to 2010. A total of 1,533 swimmers (455 women and 1,078 men) from more than 40 countries have successfully completed the 'English Channel Swim'. Great Britain was the country most represented, with 38% of the total, followed by the United States with 20%. Swim speed has increased progressively for both sexes (P??0.05). The results suggest that the performance of women open-water ultra-distance swimmers may be similar to that of men. Further studies investigating anthropometrical and physiological characteristics of open-water ultra-swimmers are needed to compare men's and women's open-water ultra-swim performances. 相似文献
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This study examined arm and leg coordination and propulsion during the flat breaststroke in nine elite male and eight elite female swimmers over three race paces (200?m, 100?m and 50?m). Coordination was expressed using four temporal gaps (T1, T2, T3, T4), which described the continuity between the propulsive phases of the limbs, as recorded on a video device (50 Hz). Glide duration was denoted T1, the time between the beginning of arm and leg recovery was denoted T2, the time between the end of arm and the leg recovery was denoted T3, and the time between 90° of flexion during arm recovery and 90° during leg recovery was denoted T4. Using these temporal gaps, four stroke phases (propulsion, glide, recovery and leg insweep) could be followed over a complete arm and leg stroke. The total duration of arm and leg propulsion was assessed by a new index of flat breaststroke propulsion (IFBP). Velocity, stroke rate and stroke length were also calculated for each pace. The elite swimmers showed short T2, T3 and T4; moreover, T1 decreased when the pace increased. Expertise in the flat breaststroke was thus characterized by synchronized arm and leg recoveries and increased continuity in the arm and leg propulsions with increasing velocity. Differences between the sexes in the spatio-temporal parameters were possibly due to anthropometric differences (the men were heavier, older and taller than the women) and different motor organization linked to arm and leg coordination (shorter T3, body glide and body recovery, and greater body propulsion and higher IFBP in the men). The men's propulsive actions showed greater continuity, particularly in the sprint. The best men adopted a superposition coordination and thus had the ability to overcome very great active drag. Temporal gap measurement and the IFBP are practical indicators of arm and leg coordination and propulsion that can be exploited by coaches and swimmers to increase the continuity between propulsive actions during the flat breaststroke. 相似文献
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This study examined arm and leg coordination and propulsion during the flat breaststroke in nine elite male and eight elite female swimmers over three race paces (200 m, 100 m and 50 m). Coordination was expressed using four temporal gaps (T1, T2, T3, T4), which described the continuity between the propulsive phases of the limbs, as recorded on a video device (50 Hz). Glide duration was denoted T1, the time between the beginning of arm and leg recovery was denoted T2, the time between the end of arm and the leg recovery was denoted T3, and the time between 90 degrees of flexion during arm recovery and 90 degrees during leg recovery was denoted T4. Using these temporal gaps, four stroke phases (propulsion, glide, recovery and leg insweep) could be followed over a complete arm and leg stroke. The total duration of arm and leg propulsion was assessed by a new index of flat breaststroke propulsion (IFBP). Velocity, stroke rate and stroke length were also calculated for each pace. The elite swimmers showed short T2, T3 and T4; moreover, T1 decreased when the pace increased. Expertise in the flat breaststroke was thus characterized by synchronized arm and leg recoveries and increased continuity in the arm and leg propulsions with increasing velocity. Differences between the sexes in the spatio-temporal parameters were possibly due to anthropometric differences (the men were heavier, older and taller than the women) and different motor organization linked to arm and leg coordination (shorter T3, body glide and body recovery, and greater body propulsion and higher IFBP in the men). The men's propulsive actions showed greater continuity, particularly in the sprint. The best men adopted a superposition coordination and thus had the ability to overcome very great active drag. Temporal gap measurement and the IFBP are practical indicators of arm and leg coordination and propulsion that can be exploited by coaches and swimmers to increase the continuity between propulsive actions during the flat breaststroke. 相似文献
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Much research has examined shoulder range of motion adaptations in overhead-unilateral athletes. Based on the void examining overhead-bilateral athletes, especially competitive swimmers, we examined shoulder external rotation, isolated internal rotation, composite internal rotation, and total arc of motion range of motion of competitive swimmers. The range of motion of registered competitive swimmers (n = 144, age = 12-61 years) was compared by limb (dominant, non-dominant), sex, and age group (youth, high school, college, masters). Significantly (P < 0.05) greater dominant external rotation was observed for both men and women high school and college swimmers, youth women swimmers, and men masters swimmers compared with the non-dominant limb. The isolated internal rotation (glenohumeral rotation), composite internal rotation (glenohumeral rotation plus scapulothoracic protraction), and total arc of motion (external rotation plus composite internal rotation) of the non-dominant limb was significantly greater than that of the dominant limb by sex and age group. Youth and high school swimmers demonstrated significantly greater composite internal rotation than college and masters swimmers. Youth swimmers displayed significantly greater total arc of motion than all other age groups. These data will aid in the interpretation of shoulder range of motion values in competitive swimmers during preseason screenings, injury evaluations and post-rehabilitation programmes, with the results suggesting that differences exist in bilateral external rotation, isolated internal rotation, composite internal rotation, and total arc of motion range of motion. 相似文献