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本研究旨在通过对厦门市60-69岁老年人进行超声骨密度测量与分析,了解厦门老年人骨密度现状,为骨质疏松的预防提供科学依据。研究结果显示:1.厦门市60~69岁老年人骨密度水平一般,骨质疏松发生率为19%。2.老年女性的骨密度水平要低于男性,尤其是骨质疏松的发生率较男性高。3.随着年龄的增大骨质疏松的发生率要相应增加,65~69岁年龄组骨质疏松发生率高于60~64岁组。4.城市男性骨密度水平高于乡村男性,城市女性骨密度水平低于乡村女性。 相似文献
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了解机关工作人员骨质健康状况,探寻变化规律及其影响因素。应用定量超声(QUS)技术,对厦门市852名机关工作人员进行跟骨密度测量和分析,其中男性498人,女性354人,年龄23—60岁,各以每5岁为一年龄组。结果:青年男性(21—30岁)骨硬度指数(SI)明显高于同龄组的女性(P<0.05),男性SI的峰值出现早于女性;SI随年龄增加呈逐渐下降趋势,男性51—55岁、56—60岁分别降到同性别骨峰值的84.9%和83.3%;女性51—55岁降为同性别骨峰值的91.8%;男女SI均与年龄呈负相关,与身高、体重呈正相关,而与BMI无相关性;男女骨质正常者所占比例随年龄增长而逐渐降低,骨质疏松患病率随年龄增长而逐渐增高。结论:厦门市机关工作人员骨密度总体表现满意,男性高于女性;身高、体重、年龄是影响骨密度的重要因素;合理的体育锻炼可以增加骨密度,预防骨质疏松症。 相似文献
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骨密度的测定方法及影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
介绍骨密度测量的常用方法,并系统划分影响骨密度的因素。判断骨密度与年龄的关系,为青少年的年龄推断提供依据,得出骨密度随着年龄的增长而出现与年龄相关的骨质量减少。根据测量青少年的骨密度来解释为什么男孩在青春期后期比女孩发育得快;特别对女性进行调查发现,体重与瘦组织和脂肪组织在男女各个部位的骨密度都有一定的相关性;体育锻炼对其骨质量峰值期和衰老下降期的影响及运动负荷与骨质量的关系,发现女性在绝经后期骨质量快速下降。老年退行性骨质量丢失和绝经后骨质量丢失的综合效应以及峰值骨质量低于男性的特点,使得老年妇女骨质疏松发生的危险性高于任何人,雌激素水平低下是长期的剧烈运动训练引起骨密度偏低的主要原因。 相似文献
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目的：研究呼和浩特市地区人群骨密度现状,分析影响骨密度的体质因素,探讨运动项目和强度等因素与骨密度的关系。方法：呼和浩特市地区各类人员为研究对象,采用韩国产OSTEORFO骨密度仪测试右足足跟,采用2010年全国国民体质监测仪器测量身高体重,计算BMI值。测试结果用EXCEL建立数据库,SPSS17．0软件包进行数据分析,结合相关文献进行分析。结果：①呼和浩特地区骨质状况总体较差,35岁以下峰值骨量正常者不足40％,表明在此年龄段未能达到最高骨量储备,提示骨量减少有低龄化趋势。②骨密度与体重具有相关性,骨量流失程度与运动习惯、运动方式、强度和频率等都有关系。结论：人体骨量储备的90％约在20岁前完成,青少年期建立良好的运动习惯可以增大峰值骨量,适当的体重和后期运动可以减缓骨量流失。建议在青少年期提高骨量储备,并采取正确运动方式来减缓骨量流失,防止骨质疏松。 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区城市居民成年人身体成分和骨密度的调查分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的:分析长江三角洲地区城市居民成年人身体成分和骨密度的现状与变化规律,以期据此制定和采取有针对性的干预措施.方法:于2004年在实施一般性体质检测的基础上,对长江三角洲地区5852名20～59岁成年人(男性2897人,女性2955)的身体成分和骨密度相关指标进行测定.结果:1)男女体内水分的含量比例随年龄增加而逐渐减少,体脂肪率则随着年龄增加而增加,蛋白质和矿物质的含量比例则表现为先升后降的变化趋势;相同年龄的男女比较,男性各年龄段体内的水分、蛋白质和矿物质三种成分明显均高于女性(P＜0.01),而女性的体脂肪率则明显高于男性(P＜0.01).2)BuA随年龄递增表现为先升后降的变化趋势,其中男性在35～39年龄段达到最高值(79.22±16.43)dB/MHz,女性在30～34年龄段达到最高值(70.17±15.72)dB/MHz;男女BQI和SOS参数值均在20～24岁年龄段时最高,以后随年龄递增均呈现明显的下降趋势.男性在各年龄段的BQI、BUA和SOS都明显高于女性(P＜0.01).结论:成年男女蛋白质、矿物质、体脂肪等身体成分和骨密度在40岁左右时变化明显,女性体内蛋白质、矿物质明显低于男性,而体脂肪率则高于男性;女性骨量丢失年龄较男性提前,骨质疏松发生率也高于男性. 相似文献
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成年人身体成分与跟骨骨密度相关性探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨年龄、性别、身体成分(体脂肪率,瘦体重、BMI、四肢及躯干肌肉量)对跟骨骨密度的影响,为今后骨质疏松症的防治提供一定的理论帮助.方法:随机抽取581例济南市普通市民,进行跟骨骨密度和身体成分的测试.计算和比较骨密度测试结果及其与身体成分的相关性.结果:随着年龄的增长,骨密度T值呈下降趋势,男女峰值均出现在25～29岁;各个年龄段女性骨密度T值均大于男性,差异均具显著性(p<0.01);男性和女性骨密度T值与全身非脂肪量、右腿推定肌肉量相关系数分别为0.074、0.069和0.111、0.154.结论与建议:跟骨骨密度T值有明显的年龄变化趋势和性别差异,这种性别差异可能是由男女之间不同的生活方式造成的:骨密度T值与非脂肪量和右腿推定肌肉量表现出了数据关联性,且女性相关系数大于男性,初步认为增加全身瘦体重特别是增加右下肢肌肉重量有利于骨质疏松症的预防,且对于女性来说意义更大. 相似文献
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适当的体育锻炼可以提高骨量,预防骨质疏松。本文对进行足球专项训练的男性少年进行跟骨骨骼质量测试,结果显示：进行足球专项训练的少年在骨密度、骨强度和骨折风险指数上与非训练少年都存在显著性差异,提示足球训练对提高少年的骨骼质量具有一定作用,有利于提高其成年的峰值骨量 相似文献
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湖北省成、老年人体育锻炼与BMI及体质状况的相关研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:揭示湖北省成、老年人参加体育锻炼情况及其与体质状况和BMI的相互关系。方法:研究对象为湖北省16个地市的20~69岁成、老年人,共计38760人,采用SPSS统计软件,对身体质量指数BMI及体质总体水平与锻炼率进行相关分析。结果:湖北省成、老年人体质不合格率主要集中在肥胖和体重过轻群体。男性20~24岁、25~29岁及女性20~24岁出现体质达标率的低谷;总体锻炼率男性大于女性,其中,男性锻炼率低谷在40~44岁、锻炼率高峰在20~24岁和60~64岁,女性锻炼率低谷在35~39岁、锻炼率高峰在45~49岁。参加锻炼人群BMI大于不锻炼人群。结论:20~24岁男、女及男性40~44岁、女性35~39岁人群应作为体育锻炼干预措施实施的重点对象,BMI较低人群参加锻炼情况不容乐观。 相似文献
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成都地区1502例女性跟骨定量超声骨密度的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的了解成都地区普通女性跟骨定量超声骨密度随年龄和BMI的变化规律及出现骨质疏松征兆的情况，观察T-score、Z-score的发展趋势，为提早预防和诊断骨质疏松提供有益的参考依据。方法测量受试者的身高、体重和跟骨定量超声骨密度，并记录每住受试者的年龄。结果T-score和Z-score随着年龄增长而逐渐降低，更年期和老年期各年龄组间T-score和Z-score的差异具有显著性。结论骨质疏松征兆的百分比随年龄增加而升高，绝经和衰老是引起女性骨质丢失的主要因素。 相似文献
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目的利用身体形态、体力活动和超声骨指标来预测超重和肥胖者的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度。方法选取超重和肥胖男性受试者138名(年龄50.9±9.6岁;BMI29.1±2.6 kg/m^2),随机测量其身体形态(身高、体重、BMI、胸围和腰围等)、体力活动(握力、纵跳和肺活量等)和超声骨指标(超声声速和传播指数)。骨密度使用双能X线吸收测定法进行测量。使用Stepwise逐步回归法构建下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的预测模型。结果多元线性回归分析显示,所构建的模型都能够有效地预测受试者的骨密度。其中,下肢骨密度预测模型的拟合度最高。Bland-Altman定量测量结果一致性分析表明,下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的实测值与预测值具有显著的相关性(r=0.35,r=0.60,r=0.31;P<0.001)。结论研究所构建的模型可以有效预测不同年龄、肥胖程度和体力活动水平男性的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度,适用于大规模人群的骨质疏松症筛查与早期防治。 相似文献
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McClanahan BS Ward KD Vukadinovich C Klesges RC Chitwood L Kinzey SJ Brown S Frate D 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(6):463-469
There is evidence from previous cross-sectional studies that high volumes of certain sports, including running, swimming and cycling, may have a negative impact on bone mineral density. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of high athletic training in individuals who engage in high volumes of all three of these activities (triathletes). Bone mineral density for the total body, arms and legs was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 21 competitive triathletes (9 men, 12 women) at the beginning of the training season and 24 weeks later. Age, body mass index, calcium intake and training volume were also recorded to examine potential mediators of bone mineral density change. Men had greater bone mineral density at all sites than women. No significant changes were observed over the 24 weeks for either total body or leg bone mineral density. Bone mineral density in both arms increased by approximately 2% in men (P < 0.03), but no change was observed for women. Change in bone mineral density at all sites was unrelated to age, body mass index, calcium intake and training volume. The results suggest that adverse changes in bone mineral density do not occur over the course of 6 months of training in competitive triathletes. 相似文献
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Barbara S. McClanahan Kenneth D. Ward Chris Vukadinovich Robert C. Klesges Linda Chitwood Stephen J. Kinzey 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):463-469
There is evidence from previous cross-sectional studies that high volumes of certain sports, including running, swimming and cycling, may have a negative impact on bone mineral density. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of high athletic training in individuals who engage in high volumes of all three of these activities (triathletes). Bone mineral density for the total body, arms and legs was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 21 competitive triathletes (9 men, 12 women) at the beginning of the training season and 24 weeks later. Age, body mass index, calcium intake and training volume were also recorded to examine potential mediators of bone mineral density change. Men had greater bone mineral density at all sites than women. No significant changes were observed over the 24 weeks for either total body or leg bone mineral density. Bone mineral density in both arms increased by approximately 2% in men ( P ? 0.03), but no change was observed for women. Change in bone mineral density at all sites was unrelated to age, body mass index, calcium intake and training volume. The results suggest that adverse changes in bone mineral density do not occur over the course of 6 months of training in competitive triathletes. 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、实验法和数理统计法,对成都市武侯区部分部分参加太极拳和交谊舞锻炼的离退休职工（家属）和一般居民进行了调查、研究、分析。结果显示：太极拳男组身体的柔韧性明显大于交谊舞男组（P〈0.05）,太极拳女组身体的柔韧性也稍大于B女组,但两组的差异性不显著;太极拳男组和交谊舞男组,太极拳女组和交谊舞女组在骨密度的比较上（P〉0.05）没有明显差别,说明太极拳和交谊舞在减少体内骨矿物质的自然丢失,保持骨密度稳定,防止骨质疏松方面的健身功效是相同的。 相似文献
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运动对人体骨密度的影响及其进展研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
骨密度(BMD)是评价人体骨健康的一个重要指标,随着生活水平的提高,人类老龄化人口的增加,骨质疏松及其引起的骨折已严重影响人们的正常生活。影响骨密度的因素有很多,在现代技术仪器的推动下,不断地完善骨密度的影响因素。其中运动就是影响骨密度的一个重要因素。文章运用文献资料法,重点讨论骨密度的影响因素和运动对骨密度的影响,并对其进行了综述。研究众多文献发现,骨密度值的高低对人体骨骼起着十分重要的作用,并且运动是提高骨密度最健康、最实用的理疗法之一。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(10):1404-1413
AbstractU.S. women are ageing. This is causing rises in osteoporosis prevalence and risk of fracture with related increases in health care costs. Replacing sedentary time with light physical activity may represent a cost effective public health solution to osteoporosis in elderly women. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted over the period 2003–2006 provided cross-sectional data on bone mineral density and objectively assessed physical activity among 1,052 women aged 50–85 years old. Substitution analysis was applied to estimate increased bone mineral density and reduced osteoporosis for those women replacing 30?min of sedentary time with an equivalent amount of light physical activity. Substitution of 30?min of sedentary time with an equal amount of light physical activity was associated with increased bone mineral density of about 3?mg/cm2 and a 12% reduced risk of osteoporosis in the spine. When considering overweight women and women over 65 years of age, this association was reinforced and it extended to the pelvis, legs and trunk, resulting in a consistent bone mineral density increase of about 3–6?mg/cm2. The substitution of 30?min of sedentary time with an equal amount of light physical activity appears a possible primary prevention method to reduce osteoporosis and related increases in risk of fracture, mortality, and health care costs in women over 50 years old. 相似文献
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Bone turnover is affected by exercise throughout the lifespan, especially during childhood and adolescence. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different sports on total and regional bone mineral density in male Brazilian adolescent athletes. Forty-six adolescents aged 10-18 years participated in the study: 12 swimmers, 10 tennis players, 10 soccer players, and 14 sedentary individuals. The athletes had engaged in physical activities for more than 10 h per week in the previous 6 months. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), left proximal femur region, and whole body was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results showed higher mean values in the proximal femur region of tennis and soccer players (1.02 ± 0.18; 0.96 ± 0.16, respectively) than swimmers and controls (0.91 ± 0.14 and 0.87 ± 0.06, respectively) (P < 0.05). In relation to the impact of sporting activities based on bone age determination, we observed significant differences in bone mineral density at all evaluated sites at the end of puberty (16-18 years) compared with 10-12 years, with increases of 78% in the lumbar spine, 47% in the proximal femur, and 38% in the whole body. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the triad components (amenorrhoea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis) in identifying physically active women at risk of long-term health problems. Eighty-two females (mean age 31.1 years, s = 6.7; body mass 58.4 kg, s = 6.6; stature 1.65 m, s = 0.06) completed training, menstrual, and dietary questionnaires. Bone mineral density and size-adjusted bone mineral density were assessed at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Seventy-eight percent of participants were eumenorrhoeic, 20% were oligomenorrhoeic, and 2% were amenorrhoeic. Thirty-six percent and 55% reported disordered eating practices in the present and past respectively. Eighty-one percent, 17%, and 2% were classified as normal, osteopaenic, and osteoporotic at the femoral neck respectively; 92% were normal, 7% osteopaenic, and 1% osteoporotic at the lumbar spine. No significant differences in femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density were observed between eumenorrhoeic and oligo/amenorrhoeic participants (F(2,80) = 0.119, P = 0.73); eumenorrhoeic participants had significantly greater lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F(2,80) = 9.79, P = 0.003). Disordered eating participants had significantly lower femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density than those reporting no disordered eating (F(2,80) = 13.816, P = 0.000). Twenty-two percent of participants fulfilled triad criteria, while 55% were "at risk" of long-term health problems. An accumulation of conditions resulted in lower lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F(1,80) = 6.074, P = 0.004). The current triad components do not identify all women "at risk" and more appropriate criteria such as exercise-related menstrual alterations, disordered eating, and osteopaenia are suggested. 相似文献
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Maïmoun L Mariano-Goulart D Couret I Manetta J Peruchon E Micallef JP Verdier R Rossi M Leroux JL 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(9):875-883
Sports characterized by little or moderate weight bearing or impact have a low osteogenic effect. However, the action of such sports on bone turnover remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the effect on bone remodelling of physical activities that induce moderate external loading on the skeleton. Thirty-eight male athletes aged 18-39 years (cyclists, n = 11; swimmers, n = 13; triathletes, n = 14) and 10 age-matched sedentary controls aged 22-35 years participated in the study. The study combined measurement of bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover assessment from specific biochemical markers: serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide and calcium. Compared with the controls and swimmers, adjusted bone mineral density was higher (P < 0.05) in triathletes at the total proximal femur and lower limbs. No differences in bone mineral density were found between cyclists, swimmers and controls. Compared with controls, osteocalcin was higher (P < 0.05) in triathletes and swimmers and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide was higher in swimmers only. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was lower (P < 0.05) in cyclists than in all other groups. In conclusion, an osteogenic effect was found only in triathletes, mainly at bone sites under high mechanical stress. Bone turnover differed in athletes compared with controls, suggesting that bone turnover may be sport-practice dependent. Despite some encouraging observations, it was not possible to show that changes in the bone remodelling process were sport-discipline dependent. 相似文献