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1.
Margaret J. Safrit Allan S. Cohen M. Glaucia Costa 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):325-335
Abstract Item response theory (IRT) has been the focus of intense research and development activity in educational and psychological measurement during the past decade. Because this theory can provide more precise information about test items than other theories usually used in measuring motor behavior, the application of IRT in physical education and exercise science merits investigation. In IRT, the difficulty level of each item (e.g., trial or task) can be estimated and placed on the same scale as the ability of the examinee. Using this information, the test developer can determine the ability levels at which the test functions best. Equating the scores of individuals on two or more items or tests can be handled efficiently by applying IRT. The precision of the identification of performance standards in a mastery test context can be enhanced, as can adaptive testing procedures. In this tutorial, several potential benefits of applying IRT to the measurement of motor behavior were described. An example is provided using bowling data and applying the graded-response form of the Rasch IRT model. The data were calibrated and the goodness of fit was examined. This analysis is described in a step-by-step approach. Limitations to using an IRT model with a test consisting of repeated measures were noted. 相似文献
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PD Dr. Dirk Büsch Bernd Strauß Ilka Seidel Jan Pabst Maike Tietjens Lutz Müller Jürgen Kretschmer Daniel Wirszing 《Sportwissenschaft》2009,39(2):95-103
Whereas numerous studies have confirmed the objectivity and reliability of the “ Allgemeine Sportmotorische Test für Kinder” (AST, a general motor fitness and coordination test for children), examinations of its construct validity reveal that: (1) the few available findings fail to confirm the theoretically predicted distinction between the latent variables of condition and coordination, and (2) no studies so far have examined its item homogeneity, even though the test recommends computing a sum score to provide a general estimate of motor fitness. Confirmatory factor analyses show that the two latent variables condition and coordination cannot be extracted from the AST. Models with different latent variables also cannot be confirmed, too. Analyses based on IRT models, in contrast, reveal that one can distinguish between two qualitative classes of persons who are associated with either better running performance combined with lower throwing performance or better throwing performance combined with lower running performance. Nonetheless, it should be noted that class membership does not remain constant over time. In sum, results based on classical and probabilistic test theory negate the ability assumption underlying the AST. For practical assessments of a skill-specific performance, this means that it only seems justifiable to use a sum score for the locomotion items and a sum score for the object manipulation items. 相似文献
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Jimmy Disch 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):210-212
Abstract The possible utilization of item response theory (IRT) and adaptive testing in psychomotor situations leads to a number of interesting suppositions. The question of test validity is crucial and the application of those procedures could help enhance the quality and generalizability of research results. Examination of the results of several previous studies indicates that adaptive testing may be easily applied in a number of psychomotor problems. The application of IRT will depend upon the type of model chosen. Various models are considered from a heuristic standpoint with the binomial model being the most logically suitable approach. The continuous response model needs to be examined more thoroughly. The combination of selected IRT models with other approaches such as sequential probability testing and trials-to-criterion testing was discussed. The use of validity generalization was suggested. It was concluded that in order for approaches of this type to be feasible, researchers needed to construct more scientifically rigorous theories. 相似文献
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Waneen Wyrick 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):756-765
Abstract Four test items were devised for each of four motivators: rubber balls, parallel-lines, a red hoop, and a low balance beam. These motivators were designed to serve as stimuli for tests capable of differentiating individual ability to produce both number and uniqueness of motor responses in problem solving tasks of a motor nature. Eight of the test items were administered one day and the remaining eight the following day. Equivalent form reliabilities for items ranged from .59 to .92. Internal coefficient reliabilities were .87 for day I and .92 for day II; however, because of factors such as intrasubject variance only day I data were subjected to a multiple regression analysis to determine the final test battery. Methods of scoring, such as summing the number of responses (fluency), computing frequency of occurrence (originality), and combining the fluency and originality scores were investigated. Three test forms, each measuring a different aspect of motor creativity, emerged from the analysis. Form O is presented as a measure of motor originality, Form F as a measure of motor fluency, and Form M-C as a measure of motor creativity (motor originality and fluency). Findings of this study are in agreement with many investigations which find a consistently high relationship between fluency and originality in creativity tests. 相似文献
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Time series analysis was used to investigate the hypothesis that during acquisition of a motor skill, knowledge of results (KR) information is used to generate a stable internal referent about which response errors are randomly distributed. Sixteen subjects completed 50 acquisition trials of each of three movements whose spatial-temporal characteristics differed. Acquisition trials were either blocked, with each movement being presented in series, or randomized, with the presentation of movements occurring in random order. Analysis of movement time data indicated the contextual interference effect reported in previous studies was replicated in the present experiment. Time series analysis of the acquisition trial data revealed the majority of individual subject response patterns during blocked trials were best described by a model with a temporarily stationary, internal reference of the criterion and systematic, trial-to-trial variation of response errors. During random trial conditions, response patterns were usually best described by a "White-noise" model. This model predicts a permanently stationary, internal reference associated with randomly distributed response errors that are unaffected by KR information. These results are not consistent with previous work using time series analysis to describe motor behavior (Spray & Newell, 1986). 相似文献
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In the first part of this study, the football potential of 67 football players was predicted from their scores on a football-potential test. The test battery consisted of motor ability items as well as football skill items. Substantial correlations were obtained between most test items and the test criterion, the sum of T scores. Size, as depicted by McCloy's classification index (C.I.), had a negative, nonsignificant correlation with the criterion. The discriminative power of the battery was evidenced by the highly significant correlation between the test criterion and the coaching staff's ranking of individual players (rho = .840). It was concluded that athletic potential in football can be predicted by testing. In the second part of the study, football teams from three different strata of competition were evaluated on the basis of the test battery. The battery substantiated a step-wise progression between the teams on most items, with significant differences being noted. The test showed validity, in that the test criterion (the sum of T scores) was significantly different between the teams. 相似文献
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随着社会的不断发展,民众对于体质健康的需求也愈发强烈,体育锻炼俨然已经成为了满足此需求的重要手段。为了对体育锻炼动机的产生过程展开深入探索,本研究在锻炼行为理论视角下对运动技能学习意向在大学生体育锻炼动机产生过程的中介作用进行了研究。研究内容分为两个部分,一是采用理论综述的手段概括当前在锻炼行为理论视角下对动机与行为意向的研究近况,并对运动技能学习意向影响体育锻炼动机产生过程的机制进行分析;二是在计划行为理论与自我决定理论的基础上建立局部整合的假设模型。 相似文献
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Louis E. Alley 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):253-270
Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop an easily administered test of motor ability for college men. Expert opinion was used in the validation process and eight factors of motor ability and 29 items measuring those factors were chosen. The selected tests were administered to 222 college men and statistical analysis covered item reliability, objectivity, correlations with the criterion, and intercorrelations. Through use of the Doolittle technique multiple correlations and regression equations were computed for a number of combinations. Two test batteries including one short indoor test were recommended. Scoring tables, norms, score card, profile, and directions for administering are included in a test manual. 相似文献
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Margaret J. Safrit M. Glaucia Costa Linda M. Hooper 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):288-297
Abstract Validity generalization is a method of establishing the generalizability of the validity of a test by examining the results of all previous validity studies of the test of interest. In this paper, the validity generalization model was described and modified for application to concurrent validity studies of motor behavior. An example was provided using a small data set from selected studies of field tests of cardiorespiratory function. The model is recommended as an approach to clarifying the relationship between a test and a criterion measure in physical education and exercise science. 相似文献
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Claude Scheuer Andreas Bund Christian Herrmann 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(3):258-271
ABSTRACTBasic motor competencies (in German: Motorische Basiskompetenzen; MOBAK) are performance dispositions empowering children to participate in the movement culture. For the diagnosis of basic motor competencies, a test instrument consisting of 15 test items for assessing third graders’ basic motor competencies was developed (MOBAK-LUX-3) and validated empirically. Basic motor competencies were operationalized as test items in the form of basic motor qualifications, which are cultural tools formulated as a minimum standard. Data (MOBAK-LUX-3, age, gender, migration background, weight, height, sport club membership, weekly physical activity) were collected in 2015 amongst third-graders in elementary school in Luxembourg (N = 488; 50.4% female; M age = 8.8 years, SD = .51). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a four-factor structure (locomotion, object control, moving in water, object locomotion; CFI = .94; TLI = .92; RMSEA = .036; WRMR = 0.89). Five classes with different competence profiles were determined through latent class analysis. The MOBAK-LUX-3 test instrument satisfies test theory requirements and can be used to determinate motor competence profiles. 相似文献
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关于排球技术考试科学性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对西安体院排球普修课技术考试科学性进行实验研究,发现技术考试达标和多名教师技评之间可靠性差,但又表现为教师之间给学生技评的名次顺序基本一致。因此,年级专项技术考试不更换教师是提高考试可靠性和客观性的重要措施。本文首次引用教育、体育测量的理论和方法对排球技术考试进行研究,认为这种方法可对其它专项技术考试进行检验,为提高考试的可靠性和客观性提供定量化依据。 相似文献
14.
Edward Burkhardt Donald R. Casady Robert A. Forsyth 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):235-243
Abstract The purpose of this study was to construct for use by graduate students in physical education valid, reliable, and parallel forms of a test of statistical comprehension, and to develop norms to measure their level of understanding of the statistical techniques and methods that frequently appear in the RESEARCH QUARTERLY. Procedures utilized in constructing the final forms of the test were: (a) using members of the AAHPER Research Council to establish content specifications and to select specific concepts to be included in the test, (b) developing 180 experimental test items dealing with understanding of 60 statistical concepts, (c) administering three tryout test forms to 196 graduate students in physical education at 10 colleges or universities, (d) selecting, based on the tryout test data, and the table of specifications, 50 test items for each of two final test forms. Data used to evaluate the test forms and to establish norms were obtained from the administration of both forms of the test to 1,013 graduate students at 51 colleges and universities. For graduate students who have five or more semester hours of statistics and/or measurement courses, or more than 30 semester hours beyond the master's degree, the test has acceptable reliability (.79 to .91) and validity. 相似文献
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This study estimated the difficulty of various sit-ups tests using an item response theory (IRT) model, the Rasch Poisson Counts model. Scores were obtained on 18 sit-ups tests. All tests were thought to vary in difficulty based on clinical observations. Item difficulty was defined by the Poisson model as the difficulty of Step 1, where the difficulty of a step represented the difficulty of completing a sit-up. The difficulty values of the tests ranged from -4.02 to -3.57. The easiest test was executed with hands on thighs and feet anchored. Most tests had good fit values. The results demonstrated that a variety of sit-ups tests can provide a range of difficulties and variety in forming a sit-ups test bank. 相似文献
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A valid test measuring children’s energy-balance (EB) knowledge is lacking in research. This study developed and validated the energy-balance knowledge test (EBKT) for fourth and fifth grade students. The original EBKT contained 25 items but was reduced to 23 items based on pilot result and intensive expert panel discussion. De-identified data were collected from 468 fourth and fifth grade students enrolled in four schools to examine the psychometric properties of the EBKT items. The Rasch model analysis was conducted using the Winstep 3.65.0 software. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis flagged 1 item (item #4) functioning differently between boys and girls, which was deleted. The final 22-item EBKT showed desirable model-data fit indices. The items had large variability ranging from ?3.58 logit (item #10, the easiest) to 1.70 logit (item #3, the hardest). The average person ability on the test was 0.28 logit (SD = .78). Additional analyses supported known-group difference validity of the EBKT scores in capturing gender- and grade-based ability differences. The test was overall valid but could be further improved by expanding test items to discern various ability levels. For lack of a better test, researchers and practitioners may use the EBKT to assess fourth- and fifth-grade students’ EB knowledge. 相似文献
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西安市13-15岁男子篮球运动员动作协调能力测试方法与测试指标的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用问卷调查法、实验法、主成分和多元回归的分析法,对筛选出的9项指标在120名13-15岁男子篮球运动员中进行了实验,结果表明:九项指标的成套测验能够反映13-15岁男子篮球运动员动作协调能力的总体水平。对成套测验九项指标进行主成分分析与逐步回归分析,最终确立了五项,建立了五元回归方程,经F检验,该回归方程效果非常显著。五项指标的简易测验基本反映了13-15岁男子篮球运动员动作协调能力的全部特征,可以在实践中作为测量13-15岁男子篮球运动员动作协调能力总体水平的方法。 相似文献
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通过对沈阳体育学院体育教育专业的472名学生技术动作学习能力进行探索性研究,得出以下结论:(1)技术动作学习能力由心理调控能力、运动认知能力、身体运动能力和策略运用能力四个维度组成;(2)在实证调查的基础上,验证了所建立的体育教育专业学生技术动作学习能力结构,并编制出体育教育专业学生技术动作学习能力调查问卷;(3)体育教育专业学生技术动作学习能力的总体状况及一般特征,确定了学生技术动作学习能力综合评价等级标准。 相似文献
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Irene R. Faber Maria W. G. Nijhuis-Van Der Sanden Marije T. Elferink-Gemser Frits G. J. Oosterveld 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1149-1158
A motor skills assessment could be helpful in talent development by estimating essential perceptuo-motor skills of young players, which are considered requisite to develop excellent technical and tactical qualities. The Netherlands Table Tennis Association uses a motor skills assessment in their talent development programme consisting of eight items measuring perceptuo-motor skills specific to table tennis under varying conditions. This study aimed to investigate this assessment regarding its reproducibility, internal consistency, underlying dimensions and concurrent validity in 113 young table tennis players (6–10 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients of six test items met the criteria of 0.7 with coefficients of variation between 3% and 8%. Cronbach’s alpha valued 0.853 for internal consistency. The principal components analysis distinguished two conceptually meaningful factors: “ball control” and “gross motor function.” Concurrent validity analyses demonstrated moderate associations between the motor skills assessment’s results and national ranking; boys r = ?0.53 (P < 0.001) and girls r = ?0.45 (P = 0.015). In conclusion, this evaluation demonstrated six test items with acceptable reproducibility, good internal consistency and good prospects for validity. Two test items need revision to upgrade reproducibility. Since the motor skills assessment seems to be a reproducible, objective part of a talent development programme, more longitudinal studies are required to investigate its predictive validity. 相似文献
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球类集体项目运动员对教练员信任的测量 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
信任是球类集体项目运动队中人员合作的基础,对于球队运动训练过程的顺利进行以及最终比赛成绩的获得都有着非常重要的作用。研究目的：编制符合球类集体项目特征、且符合心理测量学要求的运动员对教练员信任量表。方法：经过理论探讨、访谈等方法形成理论构想和条目池,分别以214名和407名大学高水平篮球运动员为被试,主要运用探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析等数理统计方法对量表进行信效度检验。结果：最终量表包括能力、仁爱心、公正一致性3个维度共计10个条目,具有较好的信效度。结论：量表的信效度符合心理测量学的要求,可作为球类集体项目运动员对教练员信任状况测量的有效、可靠的工具。 相似文献