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《中学语文教学参考(高中生版(学语文))》2005,(9)
气象观测是研究测量和观测地球大气的物理和化学特性以及大气现象和观测手段的一门学科。测量和观察的内容主要有大气气体成分浓度、气溶胶、温度、湿度、压力、风、大气湍流、蒸发、云、降水、辐射、大气能见度、大气电场、大气电导率以及雷电、虹、晕等。它包括地面气象观测、高空气象观测、大气遥感观测和气象卫星探测等,统称大气探测。由各种手段组成的气象观测系统,能观测从地面到高层、从局部到全球的大气状态及其变化。 相似文献
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在卫星高精度自主定轨中,由于需要考虑大气阻力对轨道的影响,以及卫星敏感器观测穿过大气层的星光时.都需要知道大气密度.大气密度的变化规律非常复杂,影响密度变化的几个主要因素是:高度、地球形状、昼夜和季节,根据以往的卫星观测资料所得到的大气密度变化规律和前人的工作,给出大气密度的数学模型和综合因素分析,以在卫星自主定轨中可以利用. 相似文献
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《北京教育学院学报》1997,(2)
根据电磁理论和通过实验获得的经验公式，分析和讨论了大气中的电荷分布、大气中的电场、大气的电阻率、大气中的电流、地球的电势等问题。对地球电势数值进行了定量计算，得到了与实际情况基本相同的结果。 相似文献
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霍金胜 《教育前沿(综合版)》2014,(1)
人体感受大气温度与温度计测量大气温度原理不同,人体感受到温度不但与大气温度有关还与大气流动速度大气湿度、大气的温度变化有人的着衣情况等因素有关。 相似文献
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<正>一、解读爱,沿学校人文文化的脉络孟子说:"我善养吾浩然之气。"至真、至正、至和、至远的浩然之气,乃是我校人文文化的核心,因为于人而言,它塑造了一个正大刚直的个性品质;于文化而言,它造就了一个博大雄浑的民族气魄。盐城市第一小学的人文文化建设正是基于"涵养大气"的理念:大气至真的教学文化,大气至正的管理文化,大气至和的课程文化,大气至远的发展文化。通过大气的涵养,将一种真切的且 相似文献
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一、考点分析
考点1．大气组成和垂直分层【命题角度】大气组成成分与人们生产、生活密切相关,大气成分变化会引起自然环境变化,进而影响人类生产和生活。全球变暖、臭氧层空洞和酸雨现象是大气成分变化的结果,已成为全球性环境问题,并将继续成为高考命题热点。此外,电离层的扰动、对流层的逆温现象也常出现在近年高考试题中。 相似文献
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全国高中地理新教材教学研究组 《中学语文教学参考(高中生版(学语文))》2002,(9)
图 2 .1 大气的垂直分层该图把大气在垂直方向上分为三层 ,即对流层、平流层和高层大气。阅读本图 ,首先要观察图中每层大气的高度 (纵坐标 )与气温变化 (横坐标 )的对应关系 ,以坐标为基础 ,以气温垂直变化曲线为重点 ,分析出影响大气垂直变化的因素是不同大气成分对地面辐射与太阳辐射的选择吸收 ,而大气成分与大气组成密切相关。因此 ,该图教学可用因果分析方法 ,由果追因 ,前后联系 ,图文结合 ,完成教学任务。图 2 .4 大气对太阳辐射的散射太阳辐射通过大气遇到空气分子、尘粒、云滴等质点时 ,都要发生散射。散射的特点有 :①散射不像… 相似文献
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一、直击高考考点1：大气的受热过程【考点解读】大气的受热过程是学习大气环境的基础知识,是进行大气运动、天气与气候知识学习的前提,该考点的具体知识要求包括：了解大气的受热过程,区分大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用、对地面保温作用的形成机制;明确大气的气温 相似文献
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Chen Li Shi-yong Du Zhi-peng Bai Kong Shao-fei You Yan Han Bin Han Dao-wen Zhi-yong Li 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2010,11(11):857-867
SO2, NO2, and PM10 are the major outdoor air pollutants in China, and most of the cities in China have regulatory monitoring sites for these three air pollutants. In this study, we developed a land use regression （LUR） model using regulatory monitoring data to predict the spatial distribution of air pollutant concentrations in Jinan, China. Traffic, land use and census data, and meteorological and physical conditions were included as candidate independent variables, and were tabulated for buffers of varying radii. SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentrations were most highly correlated with the area of industrial land within a buffer of 0.5 km （R2=0.34）, the distance from an expressway （R2=0.45）, and the area of residential land within a buffer of 1.5 km （R2=0.25）, respectively. Three multiple linear regression （MLR） equations were established based on the most significant variables （p〈0.05） for SO2, NO2, and PM10, and R2 values obtained were 0.617, 0.640, and 0.600, respectively. An LUR model can be applied to an area with complex terrain. The buffer radii of independent variables for SO2, NO2, and PM10 were chosen to be 0.5, 2, and 1.5 kin, respectively based on univariate models. Intercepts of MLR equations can reflect the background concentrations in a certain area, but in this study the intercept values seemed to be higher than background concentrations. Most of the cities in China have a network of regulatory monitoring sites. However, the number of sites has been limited by the level of financial support available. The results of this study could be helpful in promoting the application of LUR models for monitoring pollutants in Chinese cities. 相似文献
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通过对空气源热泵热水器的性能进行实验研究,考察了空气的相对湿度对其性能的影响。实验结果表明：空气的相对湿度对蒸发压力、COP和吸气温度等性能有一定的影响;相对湿度的增大会导致蒸发器表面冷凝水增多,有效润湿面积增大,空气侧与制冷剂侧换热系数增加,最终导致蒸发器潜热换热量增加,从而强化了传热。 相似文献
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Yu-mei Wei Wei-li Tian Qing-yu Zhang Ying-yue Zheng Yi-ke Yang Zu-cheng Wu Qi Zhu Lei Zhou Si-mai Fang 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2011,12(10):794-806
Population exposure to pollutants is important for studies on the exposure-response relationship. However, it is difficult
to evaluate population exposure to non-conventional pollutants due to limited data on concentration levels and the movement
patterns of inhabitants. In this study, an air dispersion model was used to simulate N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) concentrations,
as a proxy to monitoring concentrations. A total of 1289 randomly selected household representatives were surveyed to obtain
information on movement characteristics. Subsequently, population movement patterns were combined with DMF concentration levels
on maps of 100 m×100 m resolution to calculate population exposure. During 2008, the estimated population exposure to DMF
ranged from 0.002 to 0.64 mg/m3. The highest level of population exposure to DMF was found in the north and northwest sub-districts of the study area, ranging
from 0.42 to 0.64 mg/m3. The population exposure to DMF for different occupational groups indicated that retired people and farmers were vulnerable
subpopulations among people highly exposed to DMF. This was mainly because they spent most time at home where the DMF concentration
was high. As pollutant concentrations were divided into small grids, we found that exposure levels were substantially impacted
by population movement characteristics. 相似文献
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利用2007年遥感卫星土地利用图,使用autocad制图工具,依据大气污染物扩散规律,绘制出不同风向时南京市江北工业区大气污染物扩散、输送区域.在16个风向中,其中有6个风向对南京市主城有影响,风向分别是NNE、N、NNW、WN、WNW和W.依据1961～2000年风向玫瑰图,江北工业区的大气污染物扩散、输送区域从全年风向频率来看并不在主城的主导风向上,即使从冬季风向频率来看也不在主导风向上.但是,该区域对主城大气污染的影响是明显的,在冬季影响较大. 相似文献
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UrbanareapollutionofShijiazhuangcityisnowacauseofmajorconcernduetorapidindustrializationandin creasedgrowthofautomobiles .Theambientairqualityhasdeterioratedtosuchanextentthatitposesaserioushealthhazard .Considerableeffortsarebeingtakenbyregu latorya genciestomonitorthequalityofairandtomaintainpollutionlevelswithinpermissiblelimits .Sothelong term (to 2 0 10 )andshort term (to 2 0 0 5 )controlstrategieshavebeende signed . Thelong termcontrolstrategyhastwoschemes.Thefirstschemeincludesthefo… 相似文献
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热分析实验中仪器的气密性好坏是影响测试结果客观性和准确性的重要因素之一,但在实际测试中却往往被忽视.研究了草酸钙和石墨在高纯氮气、空气、不同氧含量的氮气下的差热曲线和热重曲线的特点和差异,提出差热类仪器及差热-热重联用仪的草酸钙检漏法、热重类仪器的石墨检漏法,是简便易行、准确有效的方法. 相似文献
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Indoor air quality and thermal comfort are important features of indoor environment, In this paper, a numerical simulation based on the k-ε model of CFD is used to analyze factors such as loading, exterior-protected construction, blowing-in rate that play an important role in the temperature field and airflow field of the displacement ventilation system. Exterior-protected construction has little influence on indoor temperature distribution of displacement ventilation systems and the influence is limited only in a small area near the external wall when the indoor heat source is the main cooling load. The height of a room has little influence on indoor temperature field, and the temperature gradient of active region is basically unchanged. In the system combined with a displacement ventilation system and a cooling system, the height also has little influence. When the cooling load is high,the indoor heat source creates a strong convective plume, which will make the average indoor air age lower, the ventilation efficiency higher and the elimination of pollutant easier. Air supply rate plays an important role in displacement ventilation systems. The increase of air supply rate that can be realized by increasing the air supply velocity and enlarging the area of air inlet will increase the mass capability of the system and diminish the vertical temperature gradient. From the comparison between simulations and experiments, it is concluded that this simulation are creditable. 相似文献
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对重庆市某居民区内20户住宅的居住环境进行实地调查,分别对室内外空气温度、相对湿度、空气流速、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氨气以及甲醛的浓度等进行了测量,并结合调查问卷对测量结果进行了主、客观分析,提出了改善室内空气品质的建议. 相似文献
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黄宇婷 《北京工业职业技术学院学报》2008,7(1):12-14,89
作为传统的重工业区,石景山区的工业污染较严重,对北京市的空气质量有着重要影响。以2006年北京市环保局空气质量日报为依据,分析对比了北京市区与石景山区受可吸入颗粒物影响天数和可吸入颗粒物浓度变化情况。北京要实现可吸入颗粒物污染的治理目标,应将石景山区可吸入颗粒物的污染列为控制重点。 相似文献
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通过对商丘市近几年来环境空气主要污染物浓度监测数据的分析，揭示了商丘市城区主要空气污染物的空间分布特征和季节月份变化特征．根据环境空气污染负荷系数法指出总悬浮颗粒物是商丘市环境空气的首要污染物，并提出一些防治商丘市环境空气污染的措施． 相似文献