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1.
学生对科学家形象的认知反映了学生的内隐科学观,因此树立正确的科学家形象,有助于学生形成正确的科学态度,同时也会影响他们未来的职业选择。本研究选取北京某中学初一年级两个平行班,采用科学家形象绘画测验( Draw － a － Scientist Test) 和相关调查问卷,评定了学生心目中的科学家形象,同时考察了学生了解科学家形象的渠道,最终检验了作为了解渠道之一的科技场馆学习经历对学生心目中科学家形象改变的影响。结果表明: 初中学生所持有的科学家形象在外貌、性别、人格特征上存在着刻板印象; 电视、网络和书籍杂志是初中生获取科学家形象的主要渠道; 科技场馆学习经历能显著改变初中学生所持有的科学家形象刻板印象,同时也让初中学生未来选择与科学技术相关的职业更加清晰化和具体化。 相似文献
2.
学生心目中的科学家形象是其科学本质观的重要体现。不同年代、不同国家的研究均发现学生对科学家存在刻板印象，影响学生学习科学的兴趣和未来从事科学职业的意愿。对小学二至四年级学生样本的科学家刻板印象开展问卷调查，发现学生对科学家外在形象的刻板印象比以前更深，并依旧存在性别与年级差异；学生对科学家内在形象的认识整体上是积极的，更多地谈及科学家认知方面的特点；学生主要从互联网或参观科技馆等校外教育渠道了解科学家；学生对当代科学家，尤其是中国科学家并不熟悉。建议当下要充分发挥学校教育的作用，拓宽学生了解国内科学家的途径，让科学家精神进校园，促进小学生对科学家的了解、对科学本质的感知。 相似文献
3.
学生对科学家形象的认知对其科学学习有重要影响,在一定程度上反映了他们对科学学习的兴趣和对科学职业的认同。通过介绍在科学家形象认知领域内,以图形表征和言语表征为主的研究方式,分析了学生个体内在因素和外在环境因素（如榜样作用、学生所处年代、教育氛围和宗教环境等）对科学家形象认知的影响,并从研究方法的整合、研究视角的扩展和研究结果的应用三方面,分析了对科学家形象的刻板认知进行深入探索的切入点、必要性和可行性。 相似文献
4.
科学家形象是学生科学态度学习的重要外部条件，同时也影响到学生的职业选择。针对以往的科学家形象塑造，有以下五点需要注意：教科书在刻画科学家形象时不可忽视科学家专业品质的描述；摈弃个人英雄主义，强调科学家之间的合作精神；关注科学家负有的社会责任；还原科学家的人性形象；削弱科学家性别的刻板印象。 相似文献
5.
刻板印象是人们社会活动中认识他人的角色图示,随着全媒体时代的到来,大众传媒成为了人们形成角色图式的重要途径之一,其所传播的观念和行为方式对受众有着内在的、深层次的、潜移默化的影响,在一定程度上强化或改变着受众的刻板印象。文章以"媒介女性形象"的实地调查问卷为主要分析文本,试图了解受众对当今媒介女性形象的认知状态,并探讨消费主义文化于媒介女性形象塑造过程中在受众心理的映射,以此彰显大众媒介在传播女性形象上的效果问题,为我国媒介改善女性刻板印象报道,塑造真实女性形象提供可行性策略。 相似文献
6.
陈丽芳 《湖南大众传媒职业技术学院学报》2009,9(1):77-80
当代美国电影中的华人形象有着深刻的刻板化倾向：英雄化、妖魔化和无名化。从社会认同理论的视角来看,该现象是美国主流电影制作者作为一个群体寻求社会认同和集体自尊的结果。通过全球化的影视传播,该现象不仅影响了美国主流社会对华人和中国文化的认知,也影响了华人在全球影像中寻求话语权的定位。 相似文献
7.
青少年流行文化是以青少年群体为传播对象,以流行趣味为引导,以大众传媒为载体,以物质或非物质形态为表现形式,反映青少年心理状况与价值取向的社会文化,是青少年实践和追随的一种普遍的社会生活方式。随着信息技术的广泛应用和现代传媒的快速发展,流行文化作为一种潮流,正以其丰富多彩的内容和多种多样的形式,传播并渗透于人们的工作、生活和学习的方方面面,并对青少年的认知、情感、思想、价值和行为产生着重要影响。把握青少年流行文化发展趋 相似文献
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9.
首先谈谈对于辩题中“科普”这个概念的认识。“科普”就是人类研究开发的科学知识、科学方法、科学技能.以及包含于其中的科学思想和科学精神,通过多种方法、多种途径传播到社会的各个方面,使之为公众所理解,而“科普教育”是传播科学的重要方法和途径。马克思主义的唯物论告诉我们一切要从实际出发。我们认为我国现实的需要是判断谁的科普教育更重要的主要依据。我们不否认青少年科普教育的重要性,但是从我国的现状来看,成人的科普教育比青少年更重要。从我国的具体国情来看,成人的科普教育显得 相似文献
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11.
Andrea Bennington 《British Journal of Special Education》2004,31(4):191-198
This article focuses upon the role of the peripatetic pre-school teacher for children who have special educational needs. It explores the key issues involved in home-based teaching; the importance of developing meaningful partnerships with parents; early intervention; and the significance of play in promoting learning for young children. The research that informs this article is concerned with the possibility of teaching science to pre-school children with special educational needs. The author, Andrea Bennington, was herself an early years special educational needs inclusion teacher when she undertook the work described here. She is now an advisory teacher for children with physical disabilities. In this example of practitioner research, key scientific concepts are discussed in the context of intervention through play carried out in the home setting. The work focuses on the responses of six children to a sequence of six 'experiments' carried out through a period of teaching. Andrea Bennington asks whether science activities can be used to promote the learning experiences of pre-school children who have special educational needs and, therefore, their inclusion in teaching and learning situations. 相似文献
12.
Nasser Mansour 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1767-1794
Despite a growing consensus regarding the value of inquiry-based learning (IBL) for students’ learning and engagement in the science classroom, the implementation of such practices continues to be a challenge. If science teachers are to use IBL to develop students’ inquiry practices and encourage them to think and act as scientists, a better understanding of factors that influence their attitudes towards scientific research and scientists’ practices is very much needed. Within this context there is a need to re-examine the science teachers’ views of scientists and the cultural factors that might have an impact on teachers’ views and pedagogical practices. A diverse group of Egyptian science teachers took part in a quantitative–qualitative study using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews to explore their views of scientists and scientific research, and to understand how they negotiated their views of scientists and scientific research in the classroom, and how these views informed their practices of using inquiry in the classroom. The findings highlighted how the teachers’ cultural beliefs and views of scientists and scientific research had constructed idiosyncratic pedagogical views and practices. The study suggested implications for further research and argued for teacher professional development based on partnerships with scientists. 相似文献
13.
The overarching goal of this paper is to bring a diverse educational context—rural sayings and oral traditions situated in ecological habitats—to light and emphasize that they need to be taken into consideration regarding twenty-first century science education. The rural sayings or tenets presented here are also considered alternative ways of learning and knowing that rural people (elders and children) acquire outside of school in rural places of home and habitat. Throughout this paper we explore the complex nature of rural sayings or tenets that have been shared by community elders and examine their historic scientific roots. In so doing, we uncover a wealth of information regarding the diverse rural sociocultural and ecological connections and the situated macro and micro-contexts from which these tenets arise. We argue for a preservation and educational revitalization of these tenets for current and future generations. We show how this knowledge both augments and differs from traditional western science and science curricula by illuminating the ways in which oral traditions are embedded in place, people, memory and culture. We close by presenting an alternative paradigm for science education that incorporates pluralism as a means to enrich current place-based pedagogies and practices. We suggest that in order to tackle the complex problems in this new age of the Anthropocene, revitalizing elders' wisdom as well as valuing rural children’s diverse knowledge and the inherent connectivity to their habitats needs be cultivated and not expunged by the current trends that standardize learning. As stated in the call for this special issue, “rurality has a real positionality” and much can be learned from individual and unique rural contexts. 相似文献
14.
A considerable body of evidence highlights how inquiry-based science can enhance students' epistemic and conceptual understanding of scientific concepts, principles, and theories. However, little is known about how students view themselves as learners of science. In this paper, we explore primary children's images of doing science in school and how they compare themselves with ‘real’ scientists. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire, drawing activity, and interviews from 161 Grade 4 (ages 9–10) students in Singapore. Results indicate that ‘doing science as conducting hands-on investigations’, ‘doing science as learning from the teacher’, ‘doing science as completing the workbook’, and ‘doing science as a social process’ are the images of learning science in school that most of the students held. In addition, students reported that they need to be well behaved first and foremost, while scientists are more likely to work alone and do things that are dangerous. Moreover, students often viewed themselves as ‘acting like a scientist’ in class, especially when they were doing experiments. Nevertheless, some students reported that they were unlike a scientist because they believed that scientists work alone with dangerous experiments and do not need to listen to the teacher and complete the workbook. These research findings further confirm the earlier argument that young children can make distinctions between school science and ‘real’ science. This study suggests that the teaching of science as inquiry and by inquiry will shape how students view their classroom experiences and their attitudes towards science. 相似文献
15.
论科学教育研究与科学教育改革 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《教育研究》2008,(2)
科学教育学是国际上近半个世纪以来在历次科学教育改革中诞生与发展的、具有交叉性质的一门教育科学。科学教育改革与科学教育研究密不可分。科学教育改革需要科学教育研究的支撑;反过来,科学教育研究则需要科学教育改革的推动。我国当前和今后的科学教育改革亟须科学教育研究的学术支撑,尽快形成科学教育学的学科建制,把科学教育学增列为教育学的二级学科;在大学建立更多的科学教育研究中心;成立全国性的科学教育学会,创办科学教育研究期刊。 相似文献
16.
Hanne Moeller Andersen Lars Brian Krogh Eva Lykkegaard 《Research in Science Education》2014,44(3):439-460
Students' images of science and scientists are generally assumed to influence their related subject choices and aspirations for tertiary education within science and technology. Several research studies have shown that many young people hold rather stereotypical images of scientists, making it hard for them to see themselves as future scientists. Adolescents' educational choices are important aspects of their identity work, and recent theories link individual choice to the perceived match between self and prototypical persons associated with that choice. In the present study, we have investigated images of scientists among the segment of the upper secondary school students (20 % of the cohort) from which future Danish scientists are recruited. Their images were rather realistic, only including vague and predominantly positive stereotypical ideas. With a particular Science-and-Me (SAM) interview methodology, we inquired into the match between self- and prototypical-scientists (N?=?30). We found high perceived similarity within a core of epistemological characteristics, while dissimilarities typically related to a social domain. However, combining interview data with survey data, we found no significant statistical relation between prototype match and aspirations for tertiary education within science and technology. Importantly, the SAM dialogue revealed how students negotiate perceived differences, and we identified four negotiation patterns that all tend to reduce the impact of mismatches on educational aspirations. Our study raises questions about methodological issues concerning the traditional use of self-to-prototype matching as an explanatory model of educational choice. 相似文献
17.
S. A. Lebedev 《Russian Education & Society》2014,56(1):57-69
Higher education in Russia is not able to provide the science personnel and research that the country needs for its future economic well-being. Urgent changes are needed to improve the situation, not least among them being significant increases in the salaries of scientists, bringing Russian science into line with world standards of scientific research, and linking science and business more closely. 相似文献
18.
宋宁娜 《南通师范学院学报》2010,(5):111-117
教育科学属于社会科学,社会科学与自然科学一样是科学,由此实验科学的实证、假设可以成为教育研究的重要方法,科学哲学的融通、革新观念应当成为教育理论建设重要理念,科学家品性也必须成为教育研究者基本素质。目前需要从研究生阶段理解科学研究,提高科学素质。 相似文献
19.
Wolff-Michael Roth 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2012,7(2):255-277
Research on learning science in informal settings and the formal (sometimes experimental) study of learning in classrooms
or psychological laboratories tend to be separate domains, even drawing on different theories and methods. These differences
make it difficult to compare knowing and learning observed in one paradigm/context with those observed in the other. Even
more interestingly, the scientists studying science learning rarely consider their own learning in relation to the phenomena
they study. A dialectical, reflexive approach to learning, however, would theorize the movement of an educational science
(its learning and development) as a special and general case—subject matter and method—of the phenomenon of learning (in/of)
science. In the dialectical approach to the study of science learning, therefore, subject matter, method, and theory fall together. This allows for a perspective in which not only disparate fields of study—school science learning and learning in everyday
life—are integrated but also where the progress in the science of science learning coincides with its topic. Following the
articulation of a contradictory situation on comparing learning in different settings, I describe the dialectical approach.
As a way of providing a concrete example, I then trace the historical movement of my own research group as it simultaneously
and alternately studied science learning in formal and informal settings. I conclude by recommending cultural-historical,
dialectical approaches to learning and interaction analysis as a context for fruitful interdisciplinary research on science
learning within and across different settings. 相似文献
20.
This paper reviews university-level efforts to improve understanding of anthropogenic global climate change (AGCC) through curricula that enable student scientific inquiry. We examined 152 refereed publications and proceedings from academic conferences and selected 26 cases of inquiry learning that overcome specific challenges to AGCC teaching. This review identifies both the strengths and weaknesses of each of these case studies. It is the first to go beyond examining the impact of specific inquiry instructional approaches to offer a synthesis of cases. We find that inquiry teaching can succeed by concretising scientific processes, providing access to global data and evidence, imparting critical and higher order thinking about AGCC science/policy and contextualising learning with places and scientific facts. We recommend educational researchers and scientists collaborate to create and refine curricula that utilise geospatial technologies, climate models and communication technologies to bring students into contact with scientists, climate data and authentic AGCC research processes. Many available science education technologies and curricula also require further research to maximise trade-offs between implementation and training costs and their educational value. 相似文献