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艾滋病是由于人类感染了免疫缺陷病毒(简称HIV)后引起的一种致死性传染病.目前,全球感染艾滋病的人数已将近7000万,因患艾滋病死亡的人数已达到2000多万,艾滋病的传播速度越来越快,传播趋势也从高危人群蔓延至普通人群.尽管对艾滋病的宣传教育国家做了很多工作,但是对于青少年的防治艾滋病教育工作仍存在较多不足.商丘市属于艾滋病高发区,本研究拟通过问卷调查形式,对商丘市中学生艾滋病知识的掌握情况进行调查分析,为商丘市的艾滋病防治工作提供有效依据. 相似文献
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目的了解泰州市艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）人群的分布特征,为针对各类求询人员采取有效的防治措施提供信息和依据。方法对2011年全市VCT门诊求询者的基本信息及艾滋病病毒检测情况进行统计分析。结果2011年泰州1市各级VCT门诊的求询者共4174人,HIV感染率为0．29％（12／4135）。求询者以18—49岁青壮年为主,男女检测比例为1．73：1,男性HIV感染率显著高于女性。求询者类型主要以有商业异性性行为史者为主,有男男性行为史求询者的HIV感染率最高。结论泰州市艾滋病传播途径以性传播为主,高龄化HIV感染人群有增多化趋势;应进一步合理利用咨询点资源,将VCT服务与重点人群的高危行为干预工作结合起来,尽早发现HIV感染者,减少二代传播。 相似文献
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邵一鸣:中国CDC(疾病预防控制中心)性病艾滋病预防控制中心首席专家、博士生导师。他开创了我国HIV分子流行病学研究,查明了HIV传入国内的毒株种类及其传播路线;建立了全国HIV耐药监测网,开辟了以世界第一个成功慢病毒疫苗原理为指导,研制新型HIV疫苗的路线……过去20年间,为我国几乎所有的艾滋病防治重大决策提供技术支持。先后获得环球艾滋病基金会小西奖(艾滋病研究个人奖)、国家科技进步三等奖。曾被评为全国预防与控制艾滋病先进个人、卫生部突出贡献中青年专家、首批新世纪百千万人才工程国家级人选、全国先进工作者,并当选为第十届全国政协委员。 相似文献
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目的：通过对广州市越秀区男同性恋人群艾滋病相关知识、高危行为及感染状况的调查,为针对该人群开展艾滋病预防工作提供参考.方法：与非政府组织（岭南伙伴健康支持中心）合作,在广州市越秀区动员征集852名男同性恋者进行调查.结果：852名调查对象中,53.9％为20～29岁的青壮年;96.6％知晓艾滋病两种以上传播途径;而近3个月发生同性性行为时每次安全套使用率为25.4％;出现过性病相关症状者为6.0％,其中仅56.9％的人到综合医院或性病门诊就诊;人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率为3.99％,梅毒感染率为3.05％.结论：广州市越秀区该人群HIV传播途径知晓率较高,但高危行为仍普遍存在,艾滋病性病感染率高. 相似文献
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通过对HIV感染者在潜伏期的情况进行分析,讨论心理因素对艾滋病传播的影响.利用模糊控制对感染人群作心理社会干预,延缓其转化为AIDS的速度. 相似文献
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HIV和AIDS的全球传播至少将会在未来三代人的时间内使人们更加关注教育机会、供给和质量。本文主要探讨了在传播程度不同的国家,尤其是一些高发病率国家中HIV/AIDS与教育的关系,重点讨论艾滋病对学校教育所产生的影响,并关注在教师教育中开展艾滋病教育的问题。本文概括了目前对艾滋病传播的理解,分析了现在的状况,预测了艾滋病对教育的影响,进而阐明了教育的供给与需求方面可能产生的一些变化,并对教育部门采取的有关应对措施进行了分析和评价。 相似文献
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民族地区高校大学生艾滋病相关知识调查分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:了解民族地区高校大学生对艾滋病相关知识的掌握情况,为探索和推广可行的健康教育和行为干预提供科学依据.方法:采用整群抽样法抽取河池学院一至三年级2 300名在校大学生进行匿名自填问卷调查.结果:被调查的大学生中,对艾滋病的三大传播途径知晓率为79.61%;非传播途径知晓率为82.66%;预防知识知晓率为82.09%;82.66%的学生认为对HIV/AIDs值得同情;8.87%学生有过性行为;83.06%的学生希望通过学校获得系统的相关AIDS知识.结论:学生对艾滋病相关知识了解尚不够全面深入,健康教育亟待加强. 相似文献
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The new prevalence data regarding the estimated global number of human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) cases, i.e., including people who are either aware or unaware of their HIV infection in 2010, lead many to wonder why the
increase in incidence has reached today’s unprecedented level and escalated within such a short time. This, in spite of prevention
campaigns in countries affected by HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with their urgent messages aimed at preventing
HIV transmission by promoting changes in individual’s behavior. This article analyzes the background of the prevention strategies,
in particular their political, social and legal concepts in terms of human rights, and reveals traits of human behavior not
considered thus far. A radical reappraisal is necessary, at social and legislative levels, as well as options additional to
current concepts. When ethical issues come up, they become blamed for outmoded moralistic positions. However, ignoring the
reality has led to dire consequences from prioritizing individual human rights over society’s collective need to prevent the
spread of HIV. 相似文献
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建立了含有常微分方程和偏微分方程的方程组来描述的模型。考虑了垂直感染、AIDS病人具有传染性、发病年龄、AIDS病人有可能恢复到潜伏期这些因素,利用系统方程,直接推出：当AIDS引起死亡率变化时,社会总人口衰减。利用泛函分析方法和有界线性算子半群理论分析了系统的适定性问题。 相似文献
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L.A. Gray R.P. Devadas O. Vijayalakshmi G. Kamalanathan 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1999,21(3):207-219
The purpose of the study was to determine the attitudes of Hindu students from a government women's college of South India toward people with AIDS, to assess their beliefs about HIV/AIDS, to determine their knowledge level about HIV/AIDS and to determine how they gain information about HIV/AIDS. The sample consisted of four hundred female students at a government funded Women's University in Southern India who participated in an AIDS survey research project. Participants completed a survey asking about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS. Results indicated that a majority of the participants learned about HIV/AIDS from reading material while some learned about HIV/AIDS from school classes, and only a few learned from family members. Thirty-nine percent had never communicated to any one about HIV/AIDS. The results indicated that the majority of Indian women in this study did not know about explicit sexual behaviors which transmit the virus. The study also showed that those Indian women university students, by and large, are accepting of people with AIDS but still have fears of getting HIV/AIDS. This data suggest a need to increase educational efforts at the university. It was suggested that counselors take responsibility for helping this population of Indian women become self advocates, particularly in a society which permits men to have multiple sexual relationships. Educators and counselors working with this population must initiate programs that impart accurate and specific knowledge to these female college students and begin to address the multiple psychosocial issues related to HIV/AIDS. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Lagone Sanyukta Mathur Neema Nakyanjo Fred Nalugoda John Santelli 《Sex education》2014,14(5):556-567
Uganda is recognised as an early success story in the HIV epidemic at least in part due to an open and vigorous national dialogue about HIV prevention. This study examined the national discourse about HIV, AIDS, and young people in New Vision, Uganda's leading national newspaper between 1996 and 2011, building from a previous archival analysis of New Vision reporting by Kirby (1986–1995). We examined the continuing evolution in the public discourse in Uganda, focusing on reporting about young people. An increase in reporting on HIV and AIDS occurred after 2003, as antiretroviral treatment was becoming available. While the emphasis in newspaper reporting about adults and the population at large evolved to reflect the development of new HIV treatment and prevention methods, the majority of the articles focused on young people did not change. Articles about young people continued to emphasise HIV acquisition due to early and premarital sexual activity and the need for social support services for children affected by HIV and AIDS. Articles often did not report on the complex social conditions that shape HIV-related risk among young people, or address young people who are sexually active, married, and/or HIV-infected. With HIV prevalence now increasing among young people and adults in Uganda, greater attention to HIV prevention is needed. 相似文献
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在我国,艾滋病感染者遭遇就业歧视的主要原因在法律层面上是由于法出多门、立法层次较低、内容不完善、法律可操作性不强、执法监督力度不够,从而法律不能充分保障艾滋病感染者的就业权利;在社会层面上,由于人们缺乏对艾滋病的正确认识,对艾滋病及其感染者心存疑虑和恐惧,因而表现出对艾滋病感染者的排斥和歧视。 相似文献
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J. Richelle Joe Victoria A. Foster 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2017,39(3):295-310
People living with HIV/AIDS will likely require services from mental health professionals to address the complex psychosocial effects of the illness. In the United States, counseling students are not likely to be well prepared to serve clients affected by HIV/AIDS, and little is known about their HIV-related knowledge and attitudes. The present study assessed the moral development, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among a national sample of counseling students in the United States. Results indicated that students held biases toward people living with HIV/AIDS and that their attitudes toward HIV/AIDS were inversely related to their level of moral development. 相似文献
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Despite recent progress in meeting the goals of the Education for All agenda, certain groups of young people are particularly
vulnerable to exclusion and underachievement, including children with HIV/AIDS, children living in poverty, and children with
disabilities. HIV/AIDS has reduced many young people’s rights to access education, to live a full and healthy life, and to
have a life as a child. This article focuses on attempts to continue to empower young people to protect themselves from HIV
by exploring the dynamics around HIV-related education in schools, in particular by examining the role that young people’s
knowledge can play in improving curricula and thus reducing HIV/AIDS rates. The authors draw on qualitative research in a
total of eight schools in Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa. Preliminary findings suggest that pupil consultation and dialogue
can be used to inform thinking on the curriculum for HIV education. 相似文献