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1.
Twenty-one French immersion and traditional English program students, originally assessed in first grade, were retested on single-word reading and spelling in fourth grade. The immersion students, who had shown equivalence with the control students on most written language measures in first grade, maintained their equivalence in fourth grade. Furthermore, they demonstrated slight superiority over the English program students in reading non-words. Their first-grade advantage in linguistic analysis ability may have helped their written English skills to develop comparably to those of the control subjects despite much less exposure to, and instruction in, written English. It is suggested that although no other advantage was seen at this time from their early heightened linguistic analysis ability, the French immersion subjects may surpass the English program students once they can join their linguistic analysis skill to greater expereince with written English.This research was funded by Grant A2008 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We would like to thank Dr. Barry Vail and the principals, staffs, and students of the Durham Board of Education, Ontario, for their generous cooperation in this study. 相似文献
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Eva Guterman 《Journal of Research in Reading》2002,25(3):283-298
This paper focuses on research that aimed to provide a theoretical–practical framework to link literacy assessment practice with learning theory. An experimental study was designed with reference to three theoretical axes: ‘metacognitive awareness’ theory, ‘schema’ theory and the Vygotskian ‘zone of proximal fevelopment’. The study tested the effect of using written metacognitive awareness guidance (MCAG) as a tool for activating and engaging learners’Habits of Mind while processing authentic reading assessment tasks taken from Israeli kits of assessment tasks (Guterman, 2000). The study on 300 Grade–4 pupils used three modalities: a control group, which received no treatment; a placebo group, which received content instructions (CI); and a treatment group, which was given written MCAG. The findings confirmed that applying metacognitive awareness guidance to reading assessment tasks makes a difference in the learners’ level of performance and achievement on those tasks, and also increases learners’ chances of internalising the guidance components. 相似文献
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Peter Trifonas 《Interchange》1993,24(4):381-395
In attempting to explain the relationship between reader and text, theorists have alternated focus upon either the reader or the text, to clarify and validate perspectives on epistemological problems of hermeneutics—or interpretation—as the logical culmination of the reading act. Beyond facilitating comprehension, the essence of teaching reading in language education is the determination of cross-cultural aspects of communication and language competence wherein the heart of hermeneutics lies. Therefore, this paper surveys a diverse field of cross-discipinary research incorporating both philosophical and empirical methodology in literary theory, semiotics, reading theory, philosophy, cognitive psychology, and linguistics, in order to more clearly define an approach to investigation of hermeneutics in relation to the reading act and literature (or written text). 相似文献
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Ian Maxwell 《高等教育研究与发展》2019,38(1):63-76
ABSTRACTThis article develops an account of an extracurricular reading group convened in a small theatre/performance department, consisting of postgraduate and honours students. The origins of the group in a formal seminar/class are discussed, including a shift in syllabus design based upon breadth of reading/content to one based upon depth, taking up the practice of reading as a core classroom activity. This activity is understood as a technē: an aided bringing forth of disclosure, revealing reading to be a constructive, temporal, embodied labour, rather than a cognitive function, involving simply the decoding or retrieval of meaning from written language. Drawing upon the reflections of participants in the reading group, the article documents the rich outcomes of such a practice, arguing that, notwithstanding the apparent costliness of such a model of pedagogy for university classes, the benefits are palpable, and worth arguing for. 相似文献
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从斯大林《马克思主义和语言学问题》探究语言的特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
语言是一种内部结构复杂且组织严密、功能强大的符号系统和特殊的社会现象，不同领域的人们对于语言特性的理解也是各种各样的。通过对斯大林《马克思主义和语言学问题》的研读，从中分析出了11种语言的特性，其中语言的渐变性、非上层建筑性、非阶级性和直接的工具性具有非常独特的价值。这4种特性加到语言的定义巾，语言的定义才更加准确。我们应该从不同的角度去思考语言，这样做对我们深刻理解语言和语言理论是大有裨益的。 相似文献
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William A. Behl 《College Teaching》2013,61(3):166-168
ABSTRACTThis paper highlights how the application of principles of formative assessment and a generous reading protocol changed my perspective on disappointing student work and led to course adjustments to positively impact student learning. 相似文献
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Colette Gray James Ferguson Sarah Behan Carol Dunbar Jill Dunn Denise Mitchell 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2007,15(1):15-33
This paper reports findings from a large‐scale evaluation undertaken to explore the impact of the ‘linguistic phonics approach’ (LPA) on young children’s reading. The LPA is a systematic and applied programme that differs from traditional phonics programmes. For example, rather than ask children to look at letters and speculate on the sounds they make, the LPA begins with the sounds and oral language skills children bring with them to school and progresses to a stage where they marry sounds with the written word. Implicit in the approach is the notion that children can learn to make associations between their spoken language (native speech sounds which are embedded from around the age of one) and the written language. Findings from this three‐stage test/retest matched‐samples evaluation (n = 745, Yr 2 and Yr 3 pupils) indicate that the LPA does significantly raise standards and that the gains made by pupils taught through this approach sustain over time. Particularly worthy of note is the finding that, in contrast to non‐systematic phonics approaches, the LPA positively affects the attainment levels of high‐, middle‐ and low‐ability readers. 相似文献
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This paper analyses the reasons that led to the failure of traditional intensive readingclass and suggests three changes in the teacher＇s role in college English reading class.They are:First,to stimulate students＇enthusiasm for reading independently.Second,to ac-tivate the students＇prior knowledge of content to compensate for gaps both in linguisticknowledge and in the culturally based differences when processing written texts. Third,totake an active role in the development of foreign language reading skills 相似文献
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解释学作为一种批评话语一直强调其语言学范式。虽然解释学似乎已经是一种学科间的桥梁,但大多数当代批评话语一直对把解释学传统作为一个普遍的文化批评的方法保持警惕性的冷漠。这表明解释学的未来将依赖能够找到把一个遭到抑制但仍然活跃的主体恢复到解释学过程中的方式。与解释学发展历史紧密相关的文学批评——解释学批评、接受理论和文化理论——经历了"奴隶式的阅读"、"主人式阅读"和新近倡导的"亲近式阅读"。当前的文学批评只有在把文学作为传播交流方式的前提下恢复文本/读者范式中被抹杀的作者的维度,才能真正将一个遭到抑制但仍然活跃的主体恢复到文学解释学的过程中来。 相似文献
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Cross-linguistic studies provide a unique tool for the identification of universal processes in oral and written language, both in development and in breakdown (Annual Review of psychology, 52, 369–396). Examining the differential strengths and weaknesses of children with dyslexia in contrasting orthographies can help illumine both the more universal aspects of reading disabilities, as well as their individual language-specific attributes. The aim of this study, was to investigate the shared and distinctive characteristics of readers with dyslexia on reading and reading fluency across Hebrew and English orthographies. Differences between 60 Hebrew and English-speaking children with dyslexia on a battery of cognitive, linguistic, and reading measures will be discussed along with theoretical implications. 相似文献
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桑晓丽 《河北能源职业技术学院学报》2012,(1):74-75,80
从图式理论的角度看,阅读理解过程是读者的背景知识与所读文章相互作用的过程。用图式理论中的语言图式、内容图式、形式图式来解释阅读过程,探讨图式知识在阅读中的作用,提出图式理论在阅读教学中的具体设想,即教师应在阅读教学过程中调动学生已有的图式知识创建新的图式知识,使图式知识相互作用,以提高阅读理解能力。 相似文献
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Marian Norton Ian Falk 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1992,39(3):185-196
This paper first describes the development of adult literacy pedagogy and philosophy in Australia, then reports and discusses two studies of research into reading disability for adults. The first study uses a quantitative approach with a sample of 102 asthma patients and has important implications for the assessment of adults' reading. The second study is a theory‐driven, critical case study of the stated needs for literacy of 11 adult literacy learners. These stated literacy needs are argued to be socially constructed, influenced by the external environment of more general socio‐political contexts as well as particular civic, personal and workplace literacy requirements. These needs are also influenced by the adult learners' reconstructions and memories of schooling and the views about literacy of significant others, all of which affect the adult learners' perceptions of their ‘reading failure.’ The perspectives offered by the two different studies provide understandings and insights into this new field of inquiry. 相似文献
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Tracey Bowen 《Teaching in Higher Education》2017,22(6):705-719
Higher education has traditionally privileged language-based text as evidence of students’ levels of critical thinking and literacy. Twenty-first century education at all levels however, has focused on multimodal literacies and how educators can engage students who are seeing the world through diverse representations and a myriad of forms. Many scholars maintain that we live in a visual culture where we are becoming increasingly proficient at reading images of all kinds. However, our criteria for assessing student learning and measures of assessment have not moved much beyond the traditional written texts outside art and design disciplines. While much has been written about the role of visual literacy, there is little research on assessing visual literacy competencies. This paper proposes a Visual Literacy Competency (VLC) rubric based on the Biggs and Collis (1982. Evaluating the Quality of Learning: The SOLO Taxonomy (Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome). New York: Academic Press) SOLO taxonomy and describes applications for assessing assignments in two undergraduate communications courses with a focus on further developing and shaping student learning. 相似文献
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Kenn Apel 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(5):440-463
Kindergarteners (M age = 6;2) were exposed to novel spoken nonwords and their written forms within a storybook reading context. Following each of 12 stories, the children were required to spell and identify 12 novel written nonwords and then verbally produce and comprehend the spoken version of those words. Results indicated the children acquired initial specific phonological and orthographic representations. Spoken and written word learning skills were strongly associated and both were influenced by the words' linguistic regularities. Spoken word learning ability explained 62% of the variance on a spelling measure, whereas written word learning ability predicted 42% of the variance on a reading measure. The results provide evidence that beginning readers employ simultaneously a mutually shared learning mechanism that is sensitive to statistical regularities of words when engaged in the process of learning new spoken words and their written forms. 相似文献
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"支架理论"对早期阅读有六点启示:澄清观念为基本前提、儿童为本为核心理念、多样化阅读为集中体现、语言环境创设为关键因素、师幼互动为现实途径、多元评价为检验方式。 相似文献
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Claire Wyatt-Smith 《English in Education》1997,31(3):8-22
This article examines issues of writing instruction and assessment as they relate to an approach to English language education that has been developed in Australia. The approach, put forward by proponents of genre theory, is underpinned by the argument that it is essential for all teachers, and especially English teachers, to have a ‘metalanguage’ about language education. The expectation is that such a metalanguage makes it possible for teachers and students to develop shared understandings of how written and spoken language works in their various forms. The related argument is that the teacher represents an authoritative (as distinct from authoritarian) language user in the classroom and is responsible for teaching the linguistic characteristics of texts as well as the relationship between texts and the cultural and social contexts in which they are produced and received. In this article I examine the ‘genre’ position and consider its relevance to the business of teaching, learning and assessing in the English classroom. 相似文献
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This article describes the approach of dynamic assessment, focusing on general approaches as well as specific constraints for the assessment of reading competence. Starting with an overview of the literature on dynamic assessments within educational research, the framework of dynamic assessment in which the current level of competence and (domain-specific) learning ability are assessed, is discussed with regards to its methodological and diagnostic implications.Reading competence is introduced as a domain in which interventions prove successful, and as a domain principally suitable for the assessment of learning ability. Furthermore, it is discussed whether elaborated feedback given within the procedure of reading competence assessment does uncover a learning ability which is specific to the domain of reading competence or not. 相似文献
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崔学新 《湖州师范学院学报》2001,(Z1)
阅读理解测试是各种英语测试的主要评估手段之一，它的测试范围包括句子水平的语言能力和话语水平的语言能力。语篇分析在阅读理解测试中起到很重要的作用。因此，教师在运用交际法进行阅读理解教学时，应重视语篇分析的教学。 相似文献