共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 656 毫秒
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Simon Rottenberg 《Minerva》1986,24(2-3):223-241
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《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2014,15(1):57-63
The most popular photographic technique in the USA between 1856 and 1900 was the tintype, with millions of these objects created by photographers in established studios, by itinerant artists in portable workshops, and by amateurs working from ‘how-to’ manuals and journal articles. Whereas the fundamentals for this photographic process (collodion binder on a japanned metal support) were largely invariant, historical documents recommended a wide variety of protective varnish materials. A collection of 221 tintypes was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) to compare the components of actual tintype varnishes with recipes from the historical literature. Several resins in published tintype varnish recipes, including mastic, copal, and amber, are entirely absent from this collection and only five constituents – shellac, Pinaceae resin (Canada balsam or colophony), dammar, sandarac, and camphor – are detected alone or in combination. Each detected resin appears in historical recipes, but just 24% of the samples have varnish layer constituents consistent with published tintype varnish recipes. Forty-four percent of the tintypes have varnish constituents consistent with formulations recommended for other collodion images, but the varnishes of the remaining samples have no direct literature equivalents. The preponderance of shellac- and Pinaceae-based varnishes suggests that these correspond to inexpensive commercial varnishes, but tintypists may have developed their own preferred mixtures or simply used what was at hand. This first in-depth technical analysis of tintype materials suggests that the cheapest and most readily available materials were employed in the varnishing process and that the artists were not bound by literature recommendations. 相似文献
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Claire Mitchell 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1989,13(2):69-79
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Nikolaus Lobkowicz 《Minerva》1984,22(2):236-244
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Despite several attempts, the prolific writings of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz have not yet been brought together in a single edition. Efforts have been hampered by the sheer volume and diversity of the Leibniz estate, and also by changing political circumstances. This paper traces the history of the Leibniz edition as a long-term project of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie and its predecessors. 相似文献
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《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2013,6(3):240-259
Abstract This paper reports findings from an ethnographic study of the adjustment experience of a group of postgraduate international students at a university in the south of England. Friendship emerged as a major category of research, an aspect of which was the formation of a divide between Asian and European students. The division between the two camps was universally observed, and it was attributed by Asian students to a desire for a more friendly and supportive environment than they felt European students were offering. More research is needed on the European perspective on the communication breakdown between the two cultures, so that institutions can work on realizing the benefits that the international campus is purported to offer. 相似文献
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The consumption of music: Integrating aesthetics and economics 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
James L. Shanahan 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1978,2(2):13-26
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