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1.
Saving Kuhn from the Sociologists of Science 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
For many in the science education community Kuhn is often closely identified with a sociological approach, as opposed to a philosophical approach, to matters raised in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. This paper is an attempt to liberate Kuhn from too close an association with the sociology of scientific knowledge. While Kuhn was interested in some sociological issues concerning science, e.g., how to individuate communities of scientists, many of his other interests were not sociological. In fact in later writings he was quite hostile to the claims of the Strong Programme. This difference in his post-Structure writings is explored, along with his model of weighted values as an account of theory choice. This model has little in common with the model of theory choice advocated by Strong Programmers and much more in common with traditional philosophical concerns about theory choice. 相似文献
2.
Toward a science for and of the people: promoting civil society through the application of developmental science 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Applied developmental science (ADS) is scholarship that seeks to advance the integration of developmental research with actions-policies and programs-that promote positive development and/or enhance the life chances of vulnerable children and families. Through this integration ADS may become a major means to foster a science for and of the people. It may serve as an exemplar of the means through which scholarship, with community collaboration, may contribute directly to social justice. In so doing, ADS helps shift the model of amelioration, prevention, or optimization research from one demonstrating efficacy to one promoting outreach. When this contribution occurs in the context of university-community partnerships, ADS may serve also as a model of how higher education may engage policy makers, contribute to community capacity to sustain valued programs, and maintain and perpetuate civil society through knowledge-based, interinstitutional systems change. 相似文献
3.
Kenneth Y. T. Lim David Hung Junsong Huang 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2011,10(2):77-89
This article seeks to draw from contemporary understandings of translation science to highlight and elaborate upon possible
norms and procedures which the authors have found to be critical in the successful extension and scaling of design-based research
interventions in education into wider practitioner-based adoption and adaptation. The impetus for this interrogation is the
desire to mediate the tensions which sometimes arise between researcher, practitioner, and other stakeholders in educational
research—such as policy-makers and funding agencies. It is hoped that these explications will contribute to the as yet nascent
body of literature on translation science as applied to innovation in education. 相似文献
4.
邬玲琳 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2009,29(4):91-92
关联理论认为人们在语言交际过程中,包含明（explicature）和暗含（implicature）两种意义。关联理论把翻译看作是一个跨语言、跨文化的认知过程,这为科技翻译提供了新的研究视角。根据关联原则,译者在从事科技翻译时．应充分考虑译语环境下译文读者的认知能力,这就要求译者首先通过各种交际线索找到原语交际者的真实交际意图,然后通过推理目标语受体的认知环境,选择具有最佳关联性的译法,达到最佳交际效果。从关联理论的角度来探讨这些问题有助于更好地把握语用翻译的本质,进而指导科技翻译实践。 相似文献
5.
Clare Roberts Trevor Mazzucchelli Kelly Taylor Rosine Reid 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2003,50(3):275-292
This article reviews research on intervention for young children with dual developmental and behavioural problems. It makes a case for intervention to include family variables and to occur in the preschool years. Behaviour problems are common in young children with developmental disabilities. If untreated these problems are likely to persist and become more challenging and severe in adulthood. Behaviour problems interfere with cognitive, social and emotional development, create additional family stress, often lead to exclusion from community services, and result in additional financial costs to the community. Intervention research provides some support for the effectiveness of parent management training and interventions based upon applied behaviour analysis. However, randomised controlled trials with adequate follow-up periods are required, along with the measurement of outcomes for the family as a whole. 相似文献
6.
杜文 《忻州师范专科学校学报》2008,(1):51-53
当前西方归化／异化的讨论多从后殖民理论视角出发,揭示强势文化在翻译外国文学时所采取的归化策略的文化殖民主义本质,提倡异化的策略作为一种抵抗以求文化交流上的平等。文章剖析了韦努蒂的异化翻译策略,并与传统译论视域中的异化／归化策略进行了比较。同时提出,在弱势文化向强势文化传播过程的初期,归化翻译不失为一种权宜之计。但在具体的翻译实践中,传统译论视域中的归化／异化手段较韦努蒂倡导的异化策略更具操作性。译者还是应在忠实于原文和不妨碍译文读者理解的前提下使归化异化互为补充,并防止过度归化或异化。 相似文献
7.
8.
This article provides a conceptual framework for understanding what is involved in improving urban science teaching and what might be implied by conducting research on its improvement. It is argued in this article that three sets of forces and conditions have a direct impact on urban science classrooms: first, the array of interdependent policies at school, district, and state levels about science teaching in particular and about education improvement more broadly construed; next, the investment and use of instructionally relevant resources at each of the three levels and their differing impacts on the renewal of urban science teaching; and finally, the broader context in which urban science teaching occurs mediating how these resources are—or can be—used. Mediating factors include the professional peer community, subject‐specific instructional leadership, the professional development infrastructure, the supply of available science teachers, and the broader community context. The article concludes with suggestions for how this framework informs directions for future research on the promise and limits of efforts to renew science teaching in urban settings. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 1089–1100, 2001 相似文献
9.
This paper addresses the parallel between the changes in students' and teachers' learning advocated by constructivist science educators. It begins with a summary of the epistemology of constructivism and uses a vignette drawn from a set of case studies to explore the impact of a constructivist science in‐service programme on an experienced and formal elementary science teacher. Judged by constructivist standards, the teacher described in the vignette makes very little progress. The irony of applying a constructivist critique to his work, however, is that it fails to treat the teachers' imperfect knowledge of teaching with the same respect as constructivists treat students' imperfect learning of science. The remainder of the paper explores this constructivist paradox, and suggests that‐like students' knowledge of science‐teachers' knowledge of constructivist science teaching is likely to grow through slow and gradual re‐formation of their established understanding of classroom theory and practice. 相似文献
10.
基于隐喻认知视角的科技日语翻译 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
彭新勇 《河北北方学院学报(社会科学版)》2012,(1):37-39,43
科技日语文本从本质上说是隐喻性的,科技日语的翻译是一个复杂的隐喻思维的翻译过程。基于认知语境对语言的制约作用,翻译时不能不做好认知语境的切换分析。无论改变原文句子的结构、对动词作隐喻化处理,还是消除隐喻的文化差异障碍的去"隐"存真的翻译技巧,都是为了服务于目的语读者的认知环境。 相似文献
11.
Commentary: New Directions in Developmentally Informed Intervention Research for Vulnerable Populations 
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下载免费PDF全文 This special section of Child Development brings together experts in developmental science and intervention research to incorporate current evidence on resilience for vulnerable populations and give concrete suggestions for action and research. This commentary synthesizes the contributions of the articles, noting themes such as simultaneous attention to multiple risk, protective, and promotive processes; integrating new principles from clinical and therapeutic interventions; and adapting intervention approaches for new populations. It then describes additional directions for interventions to maximize resilience, including approaches that address social psychological processes, issues related to demographic and other forms of diversity, policy‐related individual behaviors, and sequenced interventions across the life span. It also gives suggestions for integrating implementation science on expansion and scale with behavioral intervention science. 相似文献
12.
随着各国交流日益密切以及借鉴外来先进技术的需要,科技英语翻译在中国扮演着越来越重要的角色。目前,科技英语翻译的研究中心仍然是围绕其术语、表达及结构特色进行。为了达到生动、鲜明、亲切的效果,文化因素逐渐被植入科技英语中。文章从文化语境着手,分析科技英语中文化信息的体现,研究在科技翻译中如何使文化语境得到再现,旨在提高科技翻译工作者在翻译过程中的文化敏感度。 相似文献
13.
关联理论吸收当代语言学、认知科学、心理学以及行为科学的某些研究成果对语言交际作出解释。认为促使人类之间进行交际的核心大脑信息处理机制,是一种能够根据人们的行为进行推理的能力。从关联理论看,文学翻译本质上就是一种交际行为,译者在这双重交际中的职能就是挖掘出原文作者意图与译本读者期待视野的最佳关联,在使译文达到与原文的语境等效的同时,也要确保译本读者以最小的努力获得最佳的解读原文作家写作意图的语境效果。可见,关联理论对翻译的阐释内涵是"以人为本",这就要求译者应从原文的明示信息以及文本产生的历史语境中找到最佳关联性,为读者提供最佳的认知环境。可以说,好的译者还必须能使译文最大限度地与原文趋同,最大限度地再现原文的实质与风格。 相似文献
14.
Amanda Keddie 《教育政策杂志》2019,34(1):6-21
There is little conclusive evidence linking academies reform in England with school improvement. While this reform has been effective in improving educational outcomes in some contexts, it has been resoundingly unsuccessful in others. Nevertheless, political faith in autonomous schooling as key to a world-class education remains strong. This paper considers how matters of context impact on approaches to and enactments of this policy. Drawing on case study data from two groups of primary schools from (1) a local authority and (2) an academy chain, the paper examines the particular situated, professional, material and external factors that impact on these schools’ capacities to cope with and respond to academies reform. In light of the continued tendency within policy for schools to be dematerialised, the paper argues the ongoing significance of greater attention to matters of context in understanding how schools are navigating the complex terrain of this reform. 相似文献
15.
对中西传统理性主义、非理性主义的历史考察与对比分析,可以揭示当前我国科学发展观指导下的教育发展应当倡导理性的人本主义,即崇尚科学理性才是发展的现实需要。 相似文献
16.
吴桂玲 《辽宁科技学院学报》2008,10(1):39-40
目前许多翻译研究者主张以文化翻译代替字面翻译,以达到翻译标准。文章从这一理论出发,主要论述文化翻译中影响“信”的因素,并进而探讨文化翻译中达到“信”的基本标准。 相似文献
17.
Abstract This paper begins by establishing the existence of a debate in the broader educational community about the nature, meaning and significance of educational research, and its recognition that different approaches to educational research do not simply represent different strategies for data collection but rest on and express different ideologies that implicate different political attitudes among teachers, students, subject‐matters,schools, support agencies and researchers themselves. Evidence can be seen that this debate is beginning to appear in the science education literature and it is believed that the arguments can be extended. It is argued that research in science education and environmental education needs to consider methodology in the political terms of ideology, rather than simply in the technical terms of method and technique. Some of the recent thinking about the politics of method in both science education and environmental education, is then considered briefly and a number of meta‐research questions are proffered that might focus further attention on the political theory of research in these two fields. 相似文献
18.
科学知识社会学从哲学关注的认识论为切人点,以倡导科学认识的社会性取代传统认识论,将科学的认识过程纳入具体的社会与境中,提出科学认识是在社会运行中展开和完成的。因此,有必要在科学认识的社会性层面考察科学知识如何在社会与境中建构、科学知识如何进行社会转译以及科学知识社会学所倡导的科学认识的社会特性如何超越认知个体主义。 相似文献
19.
Ronald W. Marx 《科学教学研究杂志》2012,49(3):420-427
This article provides commentary on the five articles in this issue on large‐scale interventions in science education for diverse student groups in varied educational settings. Using these articles as a point of departure, I discuss three challenges to science education research and practice. The first concerns the changed meaning of science education reform over the past two decades. The science education research and development community must be aware of the shifting policy and public awareness context of their work and react accordingly if it wishes for its work to make a difference in the lives of teachers and students. The second addresses the importance of teacher professional development and the role that well‐designed and internally valid research plays in developing knowledge in this area. The third discusses the chaotic and contradictory nature of educational policy in this country and argues that our field needs to align our research work with the ways in which real and impactful decisions are made about education in general and science education in particular. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 420–427, 2012 相似文献
20.
Undergraduate plagiarism: a pedagogical perspective 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Karen Ellery 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2008,33(5):507-516
Student plagiarism is a pervasive and increasing problem at all levels of study in tertiary institutions. This study attempted explicitly and implicitly to address issues of plagiarism within the broad context of an academic writing framework in tutorials in a first‐year module at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal in South Africa. Despite these interventions, a quarter of the students were judged to have plagiarised in an essay assignment. The study revealed little deliberate intention to deceive but instead poor understanding of both technical matters such as correct referencing norms that had been addressed in the module and higher‐order issues such as writing as process, knowledge as constructed and the establishment of authorial voice through language and referencing. Lack of real engagement with plagiarism and referencing issues was also a problem, with certain groups of students being more at risk in terms of committing plagiarism than others. It is argued that, particularly in a demographically diverse society, acquiring values, attitudes, norms, beliefs and practices that help prevent plagiarism should be viewed as a long‐term and iterative process. 相似文献