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[目的/意义]公共借阅权用以补偿作者因公共图书馆提供其作品予公众借阅而承受的潜在损失,或者作为政府对艺术的支持而产生,其权利观念源于德国,是著作权人意识和社会经济文化发展的产物。管理系统、评估系统等构成了公共借阅权制度的外部构造;客体、主体、内容、救济等构成了该制度的内部构造。公共借阅权制度的正当性基础在于鼓励创作,加速知识产能的利用和转化。[方法/过程]基于该制度具有鼓励文化创新、丰富文化市场的生产性功能,并对社会利用作品所生之利益进行再分配。比较法上的实证数据表明,除极个别例外,公共借阅权制度不会对公共图书馆借阅活动造成影响。数字经济时代下,该制度出现了更为重要的应用前景。[结果/结论]从我国目前社会、文化和其他方面发展情况看,在第三次著作权法修改中有引进该制度的必要。 相似文献
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Willa McDonald 《Journalism Practice》2020,14(1):34-47
ABSTRACTDeception is a key element of immersive undercover journalism, achieved through the omission of information, the perpetuation of misconceptions, or possibly the assumption of a false identity. Usually when proponents defend going undercover, they use the-ends-justify-the-means arguments; that despite the journalist’s duplicity, public benefit outweighs the dishonesty that lies at the heart of the practice. Yet, such statements are usually made in the absence of in-depth theoretical analysis. This paper seeks to redress this by applying Standpoint Theory, testing it against the work of Günter Wallraff, Germany’s lauded but controversial undercover journalist who uses disguises to report on that country’s marginalized and disadvantaged. While the authors applaud Wallraff’s exposure of the deplorable illegal and immoral dealings he uncovers, and do not seek to dismiss the significant results he has achieved, this paper uses the case study of his work to test the applicability of Standpoint Theory to undercover journalism, concluding that even under this accommodating theory, there may be ethical limits to journalism’s most ethically contentious practice. 相似文献
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The news media’s use of polls is by no means the special preserve of democracies. Using the case of Chinese government’s official medium (i.e. the People’s Daily), this study set out to assess how poll results are communicated to the public in China by examining the presentation of methodological information in its poll stories, and how its web counterpart, the People’s Daily Online website, differs in its coverage of polls from a technical point of view. It then examined the outlets’ interpretations of poll results and the media logic the coverage implies in comparison with the political logic that shapes poll reporting in China. Further critical discourse analysis reveals the use of authoritarian populist rhetoric as a discursive strategy in both outlets’ representation of public opinion. Compared with the print outlet, the online outlet showed a more marked inclination to describe a certain class as ‘the people’ in anti-elite rhetoric. 相似文献
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Objective: To document and describe the University of Zambia Medical library’s responses to the fight against HIV/AIDS in Zambia. Methods: The methodology adopted was a case study approach combined with an analysis of the literature such as annual reports and official documents. This was augmented by personal reflections of the author having worked at the Medical Library. Results: The University of Zambia Medical library has over the years instituted and implemented HIV/AIDS information provision programmes that include the provision of information in various formats ‐‐ print or electronic and, in addition, capacity building in HIV/AIDS information literacy skills. Conclusion: A library’s social responsibility calls for it to be part of national responses to crises that arise in society. As HIV/AIDS has affected every aspect of Zambian society prevention, treatment, care and support there is an understanding that the library’s role should be using the cri tical and strategic resource at its disposal – information ‐‐ as part of their contribution to the fight against HIV/AIDS. In this context, libraries should source, collect, organize and disseminate information on HIV/AIDS in a way that is easily accessible to researchers, HIV/AIDS programme implementation agencies and the ordinary public. 相似文献
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内容提要：在版权制度中引入技术措施保护版权人的版权权利,固然属于版权人的一项权利,但是在行使这种权利的时候,必须要考虑到对社会公众的影响,不能剥夺社会公众所享有的基本权利。作者对在版权制度中将技术措施权利化提出了自己的质疑,认为应当保证社会公众对知识的接触的权利,从而使社会公众的正当权利得以实现,版权保护不能使公众的基本人权受到损害。 相似文献
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从公共产权角度看图书馆服务的公平与效率问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
方小苏 《图书馆工作与研究》2008,(6):15-17
由各级财政投资兴办的图书馆属于公共资源,具有公共产权。公共产权决定了图书馆的开放性和公平优先、兼顾效率的服务原则。要建立健全公平与效率的图书馆服务机制,不仅要树立公共产权的理念,还需要制度的保障。 相似文献
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Laura Childs 《期刊图书馆员》2017,73(1):58-67
Public librarians uphold an ethical commitment to protect the intellectual freedom of their patrons, but when information is accessed online, users become vulnerable to censorship and surveillance. The public library is a democratic institution in which patrons should be able to interact with information free of restriction or judgment, and this right is threatened by the conflict between access and privacy. Librarians should reject the notion that they are neutral and instead adopt a political stance in defense of intellectual freedom; they should actively combat surveillance and limitations on access. A framework for activism can be found within Birdsall’s theory of progressive librarianship. 相似文献
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Jennifer Elaine Steele 《Public Library Quarterly》2020,39(5):434-456
ABSTRACT In 1998, a group of adult library patrons and individuals in Loudoun County, Virginia, brought a suit against library trustees, board members, and the director of the county’s public library, claiming that the library’s use of Internet blocking software was an infringement on their First Amendment rights, leading to the federal court case Mainstream Loudoun v. Board of Trustees of the Loudoun County Library (1998). Using an in-depth case study approach and going beyond a review of the court documents, the author uses a series of qualitative interviews with individuals connected to the court case to gather more in-depth information regarding events surrounding this case of censorship in public libraries and investigate the phenomenon of librarians acting as censors themselves. 相似文献
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Bibliometrics plays an increasingly important role in research evaluation. However, no gold standard exists for a set of reliable and valid (field-normalized) impact indicators in research evaluation. This opinion paper recommends that bibliometricians develop and analyze these impact indicators against the backdrop of Popper’s critical rationalism. The studies critically investigating the indicators should publish the results in such a way that they can be included in meta-analyses. The results of meta-analyses give guidance on which indicators can then be part of a set of indicators used as standard in bibliometrics. The generation and continuous revision of the standard set could be handled by the International Society for Informetrics and Scientometrics (ISSI). 相似文献
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This paper explores the international controversy over genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We argue that the uncommonly high levels of opposition to genetically modified food in both the United States and in Europe can be attributed to the overwhelming success of the online visual campaign against GMOs. By exploiting the unique characteristics of the internet to create memetic images that can travel freely across linguistic and cultural borders, opponents of the technology have been able to refute rationalist claims about the safety of GMOs. In response to the single coherent narrative of scientific certainty, a diffuse set of challenges emerges. The risk of genetic engineering holds within it the potential for catastrophe, leaving the industries that produce and manufacture the technology in a perpetual state of crisis. Instead of a unified narrative of scientific certainty, each challenge presents a multiplicity of diffuse narratives that unsettle the public’s understanding of the risk presented by GMOs. We aim to augment traditional understandings of the way that publics may interact with the “public screen” by explicating one way in which dominance of the visual in mediated political discourse may privilege non-rational political decision making. 相似文献
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信息获取权利：政府信息公开的法理基础 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《世界人权宣言》第19条所确立的信息权利可以派生出信息获取权利,这是一种新的信息权利。信息获取权利是各国政府信息公开立法的基础。有两种不同的信息权利：信息生产者或拥有者的信息权利和信息使用者的信息权利,信息公开立法主要依据第二种。保障公民信息获取权利是公共图书馆制度和政府信息公开制度的共同基础。 相似文献
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J.A. Downie 《Media History》2013,19(3):261-274
Despite recent assertions about the new prospects opened up by the literary periodicals which emerged in the years immediately following the expiry in 1695 of the Licensing of Print Act, it is apparent that, right through to the 1740s, writing for the stage remained the best prospect for a writer hoping to make a living by the pen. We should therefore be cautious before we make sweeping generalizations either about the profits to be made out of periodical publication or the expanding opportunities they presented for professional writers, let alone about the role of the periodical essays of Addison and Steele in the emergence of ‘a bourgeois public sphere’ in which hierarchy was suspended, and which was accessible to all. Despite The Spectator's advocacy of polite rational exchange, historical consideration of the periodical press at this time reveals a high degree of political partisanship. 相似文献
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解决网络与数字图书馆知识产权问题应坚持什么立场 总被引：31，自引：2，他引：29
知识产权已经成为网络与数字图书馆建设中迫切需要解决的问题。陈兴良教授诉中国数字图书馆责任有限公司一案,引起了我们对网络环境下的知识产权制度建设的进一步思考。文章认为应坚持公平与效率的统一、知识产权与公共利益的协调、保护知识产权与促进信息资源公共获取的统一、程序简单等原则。 相似文献
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Leah Reisman 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2012,55(4):401-407
Abstract Can museums still be valuable to populations that don’t visit them? The city of Oaxaca, Mexico is home to a flourishing museum scene, but despite a desire by those museum professionals to serve the Oaxacan community, the city’s museums largely lack a local visiting base. This article, which reflects on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Oaxaca in 2010, explores the implications of the disjunction between intention, assumption, and reality in some of Oaxaca’s museums, especially the Museo Textil de Oaxaca, a small private textile museum in the city’s historical center. By considering the museum’s inherent value and its innovative attempts to tangibly impact a specific community outside of the museum edifice, I suggest a way to rethink impact in museums by, in effect, turning them inside out: shifting the focus away from “public value driven by a universal right to cultural access” ( Stein 2012, 219 ), toward more tangible, external outcomes, including direct interventions in the dynamic world beyond the quiet galleries. 相似文献
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国外对于传媒与政治信任的关系有不少重要的研究,其研究的焦点集中在传媒是否对公众的政治信任有负面影响上,不少学者持"媒体抑郁论"的观点。但这种观点不断被检验,研究者发现不同传媒变量对不同层次政治信任的影响各不相同。国内在传媒与政治信任方面的研究比较缺乏。该领域的研究可以考虑综合运用质化、量化的研究方法、关注新媒体与政治信任之关系,以及探讨中国传媒与政治信任的关系。 相似文献
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自其诞生之日,著作权乃至于知识产权就一直处于不断扩张的过程,这种扩张主要表现为权利内容、保护客体的日渐丰富,保护期限的延长等。著作权的扩张源于公有领域利益集团的缺失,而这种缺失又是将知识产权"物化"和集体责任分散的恶果。在公有领域与私有领域的角力中,前者处于弱势地位,这导致了公有领域的缩小、公众对知识产权尊重的丧失等问题。而对抗知识产权的扩张,完善国家法律体系的建设,是支援公有领域的重要举措,也应当被视为当前图书馆立法的一个重要的合理性陈述切入点。 相似文献
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In 2010, in response to the Australian Government’s November 2009 apology to Forgotten Australians and former child migrants, a scoping study was undertaken by the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) to assess the options for a national ‘Find and Connect’ service to allow people to locate and access relevant records and have recourse to support services. The scoping study noted that Pathways, a web-based public knowledge space and a product of the Victorian ‘Who Am I?’ research project, was a community-based information resource without equal in the out-of-home care sector in Australia or indeed internationally. The scoping team made the observation that Pathways, due to its quality of content and coherent structure, appeared to be based on a set of principles and wondered what they were. In response the research team set about articulating the principles that underpinned their approach to archival documentation and the use of digital technologies – principles that had emerged through more than two decades of public domain, archive-focussed projects. This paper presents those ten principles and discusses them within the context of Pathways and the ‘Who Am I?’ project. The principles played a key role in FaCHSIA adopting Pathways as the model for the national Find and Connect database and web resource, launched on 15 November 2011. The principles underpin community knowledge building in the fourth or pluralised dimension of the Records Continuum. The paper ultimately argues that all stakeholders (all people and organisations connected with records) should have the ability to contribute to the utilisation of those records through the improvement of documentation and that some archival systems do have a duty of care to ensure they can inter-operate with community-generated knowledge. 相似文献
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