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1.
The inclusion of Nature of Science (NOS) in the science curriculum has been advocated around the world for several decades. One way of defining NOS is related to the family resemblance approach (FRA). The family resemblance idea was originally described by Wittgenstein. Subsequently, philosophers and educators have applied Wittgenstein’s idea to problems of their own disciplines. For example, Irzik and Nola adapted Wittgenstein’s generic definition of the family resemblance idea to NOS, while Erduran and Dagher reconceptualized Irzik and Nola’s FRA-to-NOS by synthesizing educational applications by drawing on perspectives from science education research. In this article, we use the terminology of “Reconceptualized FRA-to-NOS (RFN)” to refer to Erduran and Dagher’s FRA version which offers an educational account inclusive of knowledge about pedagogical, instructional, curricular and assessment issues in science education. Our motivation for making this distinction is rooted in the need to clarify the various accounts of the family resemblance idea.The key components of the RFN include the aims and values of science, methods and methodological rules, scientific practices, scientific knowledge as well as the social-institutional dimensions of science including the social ethos, certification, and power relations. We investigate the potential of RFN in facilitating curriculum analysis and in determining the gaps related to NOS in the curriculum. We analyze two Turkish science curricula published 7 years apart and illustrate how RFN can contribute not only to the analysis of science curriculum itself but also to trends in science curriculum development. Furthermore, we present an analysis of documents from USA and Ireland and contrast them to the Turkish curricula thereby illustrating some trends in the coverage of RFN categories. The results indicate that while both Turkish curricula contain statements that identify science as a cognitive-epistemic system, they underemphasize science as a social-institutional system. The comparison analysis shows results such as the “scientific ethos” category being mentioned by the Irish curriculum while “social organizations and interactions” category being mentioned by the Turkish curriculum. In all documents, there was no overall coherence to NOS as a holistic narrative that would be inclusive of the various RFN categories simultaneously. The article contributes to the framing of NOS from a family resemblance perspective and highlights how RFN categories can be used as analytical tools. 相似文献
2.
Although not a new discussion in the Irish context, the value of oral language development has recently gained prominence again in Irish Post‐Primary English classrooms. In this article we present how the recent introduction of Junior Cycle English, which now includes an Oral Communication Classroom Based Assessment (CBA) is renewing efforts to promote speaking and listening and has the potential to change teachers’ understanding of assessment in English. The rationale for this change is presented here from the perspectives of the different stakeholders in Irish Education; educational researchers, policymakers, the Inspectorate, teachers and students. To cite the Junior Cycle Framework: ‘until the examination changes, nothing else will’ (NCCA 2011: 6). However, past efforts to implement an oral assessment element illustrate how change is complex and fostering an awareness of the centrality of ‘classroom talk’ involves a cultural shift for the teachers implementing the Junior Cycle English Specification. 相似文献
3.
The nature of science (NOS) has a prominent role among the national science education content standards at all grade levels, K–12. Results from a national survey of collegiate science educators indicate the perception that the greatest contributors to preservice teachers’ understanding of the nature of science were science methods courses, research projects, and science content courses. Implications of findings are discussed, including connections to current research concerning teacher preparation for effective NOS classroom teaching and student learning.The Nature of Science course on the authors’ campus was initiated in the early 1990s, has evolved, and remains in the required core curriculum for preservice chemistry, earth science, and physics teacher candidates. It is the capstone for NOS insights. It adds to and refines impressions garnered implicitly from science content courses, the methods course, and, for some, an undergraduate research experience. 相似文献
4.
Jonathan Dunne Abdulhussain E. Mahdi John O'Reilly 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(9):1513-1532
This study analyses several Irish primary school science textbook sets to evaluate their potential to support Inquiry-based Science Education (IBSE). The study was prompted by the results of the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA) 2008 survey of Irish primary science which indicated that a 72% of surveyed teachers are using science textbooks within their teaching. The reliance on deductive methodologies, such as the using textbooks, has been attributed to a lack of pedagogical content knowledge. As the Irish primary science curriculum was changed to be more experiential in 2003, it is unlikely that deductive teaching from textbooks aligns with the new aims and objectives of the curriculum. This research analyses three textbook groups through the lens of the 5E model of teaching, a well-known framework for teaching through inquiry. A four-layer framework was developed around the 5E model that would highlight the strengths and weaknesses of textbooks in supporting IBSE. The results indicate that the various textbooks contain different structures, pedagogies and content, which can potentially be used to support the development of IBSE schema however, professional development must be provided as to how best to integrate textbooks into practice. 相似文献
5.
美国PADI：学生科学探究能力评价模式初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
科学探究是当代理科课程中的核心议题,如何评价学生的科学探究能力是理科课程改革的新挑战。美国PADI计划为评价科学探究提供了以证据为中心的概念框架,从要评价的科学探究的标准、探究任务的特征到评价论据等多方面对设计模式的结构进行了说明,并且具有良好的操作性,同时也为评价理科课程的其他内容提供了新的思路与方法。 相似文献
6.
This study examined the inclusion of nature of science (NOS) in popular science writing to determine whether it could serve supplementary resource for teaching NOS and to evaluate the accuracy of text mining and classification as a viable research tool in science education research. Four groups of documents published from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed: Scientific American, Discover magazine, winners of the Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books, and books from NSTA’s list of Outstanding Science Trade Books. Computer analysis categorized passages in the selected documents based on their inclusions of NOS. Human analysis assessed the frequency, context, coverage, and accuracy of the inclusions of NOS within computer identified NOS passages. NOS was rarely addressed in selected document sets but somewhat more frequently addressed in the letters section of the two magazines. This result suggests that readers seem interested in the discussion of NOS-related themes. In the popular science books analyzed, NOS presentations were found more likely to be aggregated in the beginning and the end of the book, rather than scattered throughout. The most commonly addressed NOS elements in the analyzed documents are science and society and empiricism in science. Only one inaccurate presentation of NOS were identified in all analyzed documents. The text mining technique demonstrated exciting performance, which invites more applications of the technique to analyze other aspects of science textbooks, popular science writing, or other materials involved in science teaching and learning. 相似文献
7.
科学史融入科学课程对提升学生的科学素养有重要的意义。科学史的本源价值是其元认知价值——展现科学的本质和科学技术与社会的关系。辉格式科学史给学生呈现出一副歪曲的科学发展图景,不利于学生理解科学的本质以及科学技术与社会的关系。其产生的根本原因是教育者价值观的错位,即教育哲学中的知识中心主义、科学哲学中的素朴经验论和历史哲学中的移时史观;直接原因在于科学家的一些"不当行为"与科学教育工作者对科学、科学家所持的刻板印象相冲突,他们按自己的刻板印象去重塑科学史。科学课程应变辉格式科学史为真实的科学发展历程。 相似文献
8.
美国新近发布的课程文件报告《K-12科学教育的框架:实践,跨学科概念与核心概念》为美国未来的科学教育勾勒了总体蓝图,是美国制定新科学教育标准的基础和依据。新框架汲取了近年来科学教育、脑科学、学习科学等多方面研究成果,提炼出六条指导原则贯穿其中,并构建三维框架结构来概括所有学生在高中毕业前应完成的知识和实践内容。新框架提出的新思路值得我们关注和借鉴。 相似文献
9.
Irish science education is aiming to develop post-primary students’ knowledge of and about science through the introduction of ‘nature of science’ (NOS) in the new junior cycle science specification. This study aimed to investigate pre-service science teachers’ views about a particular aspect of NOS, namely the aims and values of science. Aims and values in relation to science can be considered from epistemic, cognitive, cultural, social, political, moral and ethical perspectives. In this paper, we focus on the epistemic, cognitive and social aims and values of science to provide a broad overview and investigate pre-service science teachers’ understanding of them. Qualitative methods are used to highlight two case studies that provide an in-depth record of how pre-service science teachers interpret aims and values of science. Although the sample is limited in terms of its generalisability to pre-service teacher education at large, the study provides a framework for (a) what to target and investigate about NOS in science education, particularly about aims and values of science, and (b) how pre-service science teachers are likely to make sense of such relatively new curricular goals. Implications for pre-service science teacher education are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Science & Education - The article focuses on the analysis of curriculum documents from Taiwan to investigate how benchmarks for learning nature of science (NOS) are positioned in different... 相似文献
11.
Miriam Hamilton 《Teachers and Teaching》2018,24(2):151-165
This paper examines attitudes to pedagogical change, among teachers within a second level science department in Ireland. It explores the beliefs and contextual constraints that mediate diversification from a primarily didactic pedagogical approach towards more student-led pedagogies. Using a multi-method approach incorporating observations of teaching, focus group interviews, one to one interviews and open-ended questionnaires, findings were analysed inductively to generate a number of themes. The findings suggest that a teacher’s sense of identity and beliefs are significant influences on their predisposition towards pedagogical change. Interestingly, the middle class, academic context of the school and the terminal Leaving Certificate state examination, were both identified as latent contextual barriers to pedagogical change. The implementation of curricular reform at Junior Cycle level in Ireland is ongoing, with a new science specification in place since September 2016. This specification has a significant student-led and skill-based emphasis and varied pedagogical approaches are necessary to effectively deliver this new curriculum. Professional development is available to assist teachers with the curricular reform. However, findings in this paper suggest that intrinsic beliefs and contextual constraints may limit access to, or meaningful engagement with such training, negating pedagogical change for some teachers and their students. 相似文献
12.
The leap from science student to scientist involves recognizing that science is a tentative, evolving body of knowledge that is socially constructed and culturally influenced; this is known as The Nature of Science (NOS). The aim of this study was to document NOS growth in first-year premedical students who participated in a science book club as a curricular option. The club read three acclaimed nonfiction works that connect biology to medicine via the history of scientific ideas. Students’ NOS status was assessed as informed, transitional, or naïve at the beginning and end of the academic year using the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire–Form C (VNOS-C). Focus group interviews and document analysis of assignments and exams provided qualitative evidence. VNOS-C scores improved over the academic year regardless of book club participation. Students who participated in book club had marginally better NOS status at the end of the year but also at the beginning, suggesting that book club may have attracted rather than produced students with higher NOS status. It is notable that an improvement in NOS understanding could be detected at all, as there have been few reports of NOS growth in the literature in which NOS was not an explicit topic of instruction. 相似文献
13.
Li Xiying Tan Zuyu Shen Jiliang Hu Weiping Chen Yinghe Wang Jingying 《Research in Science Education》2020,50(3):833-844
Research in Science Education - Based on the analytical framework of nature of science (NOS) in junior school science textbooks, a content analysis method was adopted to analyze the NOS in junior... 相似文献
14.
Vivien M. Chabalengula Frackson Mumba 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(16):2209-2225
ABSTRACTThe current K-12 Science Education framework and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in the United States emphasise the integration of engineering design in science instruction to promote scientific literacy and engineering design skills among students. As such, many engineering education programmes have developed curriculum materials that are being used in K-12 settings. However, little is known about the nature and extent to which engineering design skills outlined in NGSS are addressed in these K-12 engineering education programme curriculum materials. We analysed nine K-12 engineering education programmes for the nature and extent of engineering design skills coverage. Results show that developing possible solutions and actual designing of prototypes were the highly covered engineering design skills; specification of clear goals, criteria, and constraints received medium coverage; defining and identifying an engineering problem; optimising the design solution; and demonstrating how a prototype works, and making iterations to improve designs were lowly covered. These trends were similar across grade levels and across discipline-specific curriculum materials. These results have implications on engineering design-integrated science teaching and learning in K-12 settings. 相似文献
15.
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the inclusion of aspects of nature of science (NOS) in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). In this new standards document, NOS elements in eight categories are discussed in Appendix H along with illustrative statements (called exemplars). Many, but not all, of these exemplars are linked to the standards by their association with either the “practices of science” or “crosscutting concepts,” but curiously not with the recommendations for science content. The study investigated all aspects of NOS in NGSS including the accuracy and inclusion of the supporting exemplar statements and the relationship of NOS in NGSS to other aspects of NOS to support teaching and learning science. We found that while 92 % of these exemplars are acceptable, only 78 % of those written actually appear with the standards. “Science as a way of knowing” is a recommended NOS category in NGSS but is not included with the standards. Also, several other NOS elements fail to be included at all grade levels thus limiting their impact. Finally, NGSS fails to include or insufficiently emphasize several frequently recommended NOS elements such as creativity and subjectivity. The paper concludes with a list of concerns and solutions to the challenges of NOS in NGSS. 相似文献
16.
Interviews with key scientists who had conducted research on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), together with analysis
of media reports, documentaries and other literature published during and after the SARS epidemic, revealed many interesting
aspects of the nature of science (NOS) and scientific inquiry in contemporary scientific research in the rapidly growing field
of molecular biology. The story of SARS illustrates vividly some NOS features advocated in the school science curriculum,
including the tentative nature of scientific knowledge, theory-laden observation and interpretation, multiplicity of approaches
adopted in scientific inquiry, the inter-relationship between science and technology, and the nexus of science, politics,
social and cultural practices. The story also provided some insights into a number of NOS features less emphasised in the
school curriculum—for example, the need to combine and coordinate expertise in a number of scientific fields, the intense
competition between research groups (suspended during the SARS crisis), the significance of affective issues relating to intellectual
honesty and the courage to challenge authority, the pressure of funding issues on the conduct of research and the ‘peace of
mind’ of researchers, These less emphasised elements provided empirical evidence that NOS knowledge, like scientific knowledge
itself, changes over time. They reflected the need for teachers and curriculum planners to revisit and reconsider whether
the features of NOS currently included in the school science curriculum are fully reflective of the practice of science in
the 21st century. In this paper, we also report on how we made use of extracts from the news reports and documentaries on
SARS, together with episodes from the scientists’ interviews, to develop a multimedia instructional package for explicitly
teaching the prominent features of NOS and scientific inquiry identified in the SARS research.
Siu Ling Wong is an Assistant Professor, in the Division of Science, Mathematics and Computing in the Faculty of Education at The University of Hong Kong. She received her B.Sc. from The University of Hong Kong and her Ph.D. from the University of Oxford. Her research interests include promoting teachers’ and students’ understanding of nature of science and scientific inquiry, physics education, teacher professional development. Jenny Kwan is a PhD student in the Faculty of Education, at The University of Hong Kong. She received her B.Sc. from University of Sydney. She is now investigating in-service teachers’ classroom instruction on nature of science in relation to their intentions, beliefs, and pedagogical content knowledge. Derek Hodson is Professor of Science Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education and Editor of the Canadian Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics Education. His major research interests include: history, philosophy & sociology of science and its implications for science education; STSE education and the politicisation of science education; science curriculum history; multicultural and antiracist education; and science teacher education via action research. Benny Hin Wai Yung is Head, Associate Professor, in the Division of Science, Mathematics and Computing in the Faculty of Education at University of Hong Kong. His main research areas are teacher education and development, science education and assessment for science learning. His recent publications include Yung BHW (2006) Assessment reform in science education: fairness and fear. Springer, Dordrecht. 相似文献
| Siu Ling WongEmail: |
Siu Ling Wong is an Assistant Professor, in the Division of Science, Mathematics and Computing in the Faculty of Education at The University of Hong Kong. She received her B.Sc. from The University of Hong Kong and her Ph.D. from the University of Oxford. Her research interests include promoting teachers’ and students’ understanding of nature of science and scientific inquiry, physics education, teacher professional development. Jenny Kwan is a PhD student in the Faculty of Education, at The University of Hong Kong. She received her B.Sc. from University of Sydney. She is now investigating in-service teachers’ classroom instruction on nature of science in relation to their intentions, beliefs, and pedagogical content knowledge. Derek Hodson is Professor of Science Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education and Editor of the Canadian Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics Education. His major research interests include: history, philosophy & sociology of science and its implications for science education; STSE education and the politicisation of science education; science curriculum history; multicultural and antiracist education; and science teacher education via action research. Benny Hin Wai Yung is Head, Associate Professor, in the Division of Science, Mathematics and Computing in the Faculty of Education at University of Hong Kong. His main research areas are teacher education and development, science education and assessment for science learning. His recent publications include Yung BHW (2006) Assessment reform in science education: fairness and fear. Springer, Dordrecht. 相似文献
17.
Science & Education - Concepts related to the nature of science (NOS) have been considered an important part of scientific literacy as reflected in its inclusion in curriculum documents. A... 相似文献
18.
FOSS、STC、INSIGHTS是在20世纪80年代末美国新一轮科学课程改革的背景下,在＂2061计划＂的推动下启动的三项科学课程研究项目,也是当下美国较为流行的三套小学科学课程教材。本文对三套教材的出台背景作简要介绍,并通过对三套教材的课程内容、教学资源、特点等进行对比,透视美国科学教育的特点及整体发展趋势。 相似文献
19.
George M. Harrison Kanesa Duncan Seraphin Joanna Philippoff Lisa M. Vallin Paul R. Brandon 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):1321-1342
Instruments measuring understanding of the nature of science (NOS) are required if educational institutions intend to use benchmarks or examine the effects of interventions targeting students’ NOS development. Compared to other constructs, NOS understanding is complex, having been the subject of debate among scholars in both its substance and its dimensionality. This complexity invites challenges in defining what is to be measured. Drawing from the perspective that policy reform documents provide pragmatic consensus-based definitions of NOS, this study investigated how well the dimensionality described in the NOS component of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) framework matched the empirical structure of data collected from a set of secondary-school students’ responses to an NOS instrument comprising multiple-choice and Likert-scale items. Using multidimensional item response modeling to compare structures of NOS dimensionality, we found that treating NOS as comprising multiple dimensions—as defined by the themes in the NGSS NOS framework—resulted in a better fitting model than when treating NOS as a single dimension. The multidimensional model also had fewer poorly functioning items and revealed NOS profiles that otherwise would have been masked in a model treating NOS as a single dimension. These results provide support for the NOS NGSS framework and contribute to the ongoing discussion about the dimensionality of NOS. 相似文献
20.
论文从设立科学教育专业的必要性出发 ,就人才的培养目标和培养规格、课程结构体系和第二课堂活动等方面论述了科学教育本科专业人才培养方案 相似文献