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1.
HyunJu Park Peter W. Hewson John Lemberger Robin D. Marion 《Research in Science Education》2010,40(5):717-741
One strategy for implementing learner-centered teaching is through the preparation of teachers and their induction into the
profession. This article presents case studies of three secondary science teachers that follow them from their science teacher
education program that advocated teaching for conceptual change as one approach to learner-centered teaching into their first
years of teaching. The article’s purpose is to describe the teachers’ initial conceptions of teaching science carried over
from their teacher preparation program, and how they integrated those conceptions with the environmental influences of their
classrooms and schools to produce praxis. Data were collected from the participants in several different ways during the participants’
pre-service year and during their first year or two of teaching: Observation of the participants’ teaching; related interviews
with participants; and their action research journals. As they approached the end of their first or second year of teaching,
all three teachers demonstrated increased levels of confidence in their teaching competence, both in their classroom performance
and their places in their departments and schools. None of them had, however, fully implemented conceptual change teaching
approach that was the specific goal of their teacher preparation program. 相似文献
2.
The nature of science (NOS) has a prominent role among the national science education content standards at all grade levels, K–12. Results from a national survey of collegiate science educators indicate the perception that the greatest contributors to preservice teachers’ understanding of the nature of science were science methods courses, research projects, and science content courses. Implications of findings are discussed, including connections to current research concerning teacher preparation for effective NOS classroom teaching and student learning.The Nature of Science course on the authors’ campus was initiated in the early 1990s, has evolved, and remains in the required core curriculum for preservice chemistry, earth science, and physics teacher candidates. It is the capstone for NOS insights. It adds to and refines impressions garnered implicitly from science content courses, the methods course, and, for some, an undergraduate research experience. 相似文献
3.
Rose M. Pringle 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2006,17(3):291-307
Investigation involving children’s understandings of scientific concepts have been a dominant area of research in science
education over the last 2 1/2 decades. One fruitful outcome of these studies is to alert teachers to difficulties in learning
science. Although this information is commendable in highlighting their existence, not much is presented on how to deal with
the alternative conceptions. It is generally believed that teachers tend to teach the way they were taught, and breaking this
cycle requires different emphasis on pedagogy in teacher education. The focus of this article is on preservice teachers’ experiences
in a science education course as they explore the importance of children’s alternative conceptions and in using such knowledge
to make decisions about teaching. 相似文献
4.
This study reports on teaching practices in science classrooms of Indonesian lower secondary schools in rural areas. Using six schools from three districts in the province of Kalimantan Selatan as the sample, this study found that most teaching practices in science classrooms in rural schools were teacher-centred with students copying notes. However, the study also found unique teaching practices of an exemplary science teacher whose teaching style can be described as both student-centred and teacher-centred, with students encouraged to be active learners. Four features of exemplary teaching practices were identified: The teacher managed the classroom effectively; used a variety of questioning techniques; employed various teaching approaches instead of traditional methods; and created a favourable learning environment. Data from classroom observations, interviews with teachers, and students responses to a questionnaire were used to compare the exemplary teacher and his colleagues. This study identified internal factors that may affect teaching practices such as a teachers content knowledge and beliefs about teaching. Compared to the other teachers, the exemplary teacher possessed more content knowledge and had a relatively stronger belief in his ability to teach. 相似文献
5.
Benny Hin Wai Yung Siu Ling Wong Man Wai Cheng Ching Sum Hui Derek Hodson 《Research in Science Education》2007,37(3):239-259
A CD-ROM consisting of videos of two lessons by different teachers demonstrating exemplary science teaching was used to elicit,
develop and track the changing conceptions of good science teaching of student teachers enrolled for the one-year Postgraduate
Diploma in Education (PGDE) at several stages during the programme. It was found that the videos acted as an effective probe
to elicit student teachers’ conceptions and had significant impact on those conceptions at different stages of the programme
through the provision of teacher models demonstrating exemplary teaching. The experience has extended novice teachers’ awareness
of alternative teaching methods and approaches not experienced in their own schooling, broadened their awareness of different
classroom situations, provided proof of existence of good practices and prompted them to reflect on their current conceptions
of good science teaching. Most importantly, the strategy of asking student teachers to watch the same videos on three separate
occasions at different times of the course was recognized by them as a crucial element in facilitating their reflection on
their changing conceptions of good science teaching.
PGDE is the standard form of pre-service teacher education in Hong Kong. It provides qualified teacher status within Hong
Kong. Student teachers enrolled for the PGDE have completed a relevant undergraduate degree. 相似文献
6.
Science teachers need an adequate understanding of nature of science (NOS) and the ability to embed NOS in their teaching.
This collective case study aims to explore in-service science teachers’ conceptions of NOS and the embeddedness of NOS in
their teaching about astronomy and space. Three science teachers participated in this study. All participants attended the
NOS workshop based on an explicit-reflective approach. They were asked to respond to the Myths of Science Questionnaire on
three different occasions, i.e., at the beginning and the end of the NOS workshop and a semester after the workshop. Classroom
observation, interviews after teaching, and a collection of related documents were also employed to collect data. The data
were analyzed using a constant comparative method. The results revealed two important assertions. First, science teachers’
conceptions of NOS are stable and resistant to change. However, an explicit-reflective approach employed in the NOS workshop,
to some extent, promoted science teachers’ understanding and reasoning about NOS. Second, science teachers’ conceptions of
NOS are not directly related to their classroom practices. With different degrees of NOS understanding, all participants taught
NOS implicitly and missed most of the opportunities to address aspects of NOS embedded in the topics they taught. The implications
of these findings are also discussed. 相似文献
7.
In teaching science, the beliefs of teachers may come into conflict and inhibit the implementation of reformed teaching practice.
An experienced biology teacher, Mr. Hobbs, was found to have two different sets of epistemological beliefs while his classroom
practice was predominantly teacher-centered. A case study was then performed in order to investigate the underlying issues
that contributed to his classroom practice. Data sources included preliminary and follow-up interviews and classroom observations.
Data analysis indicated that factors that prevented the epistemological conflict from reaching a resolution included Mr. Hobbs’
beliefs about learning, contextual teaching factors, personal experiences as a student, and views of the nature of science.
The findings from this case indicate that science teachers possess complex belief systems that are not immediately obvious
to either the teacher or science teacher educators, and science teacher educators need to address teacher beliefs when they
encourage teachers to implement reformed teaching practices. 相似文献
8.
Joseph E. Ireland James J. Watters Jo Brownlee Mandy Lupton 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2012,23(2):159-175
This study explored practicing elementary school teacher’s conceptions of teaching in ways that foster inquiry-based learning
in the science curriculum (inquiry teaching). The advocacy for inquiry-based learning in contemporary curricula assumes the
principle that students learn in their own way by drawing on direct experience fostered by the teacher. That students should
be able to discover answers themselves through active engagement with new experiences was central to the thinking of eminent
educators such as Pestalozzi, Dewey and Montessori. However, even after many years of research and practice, inquiry learning
as a referent for teaching still struggles to find expression in the average teachers’ pedagogy. This study drew on interview
data from 20 elementary teachers. A phenomenographic analysis revealed three conceptions of teaching for inquiry learning
in science in the elementary years of schooling: (a) The Experience-centered conception where teachers focused on providing
interesting sensory experiences to students; (b) The Problem-centered conception where teachers focused on engaging students
with challenging problems; and (c) The Question-centered conception where teachers focused on helping students to ask and
answer their own questions. Understanding teachers’ conceptions has implications for both the enactment of inquiry teaching
in the classroom as well as the uptake of new teaching behaviors during professional development, with enhanced outcomes for
engaging students in Science. 相似文献
9.
This study investigated the extent to which teacher professional development led to changes in science instruction in K-2
classrooms in rural school districts. The research specifically examined changes in (a) teachers’ content knowledge in science;
(b) teachers’ self-efficacy related to teaching science; (c) classroom instructional time allotted to science; and (d) instructional
strategies used in science. The study also investigated contextual factors contributing to or hindering changes in science
instruction. Data sources included a teacher survey, a self-efficacy assessment, content knowledge tests, interviews, and
classroom observations. After one year in the program, teachers showed increased content knowledge and self-efficacy in teaching
science; they spent more instructional time on science and began using different instructional strategies. Key contextual
factors included curricular demands, resources, administrative support, and support from other teachers. 相似文献
10.
Ian Mitchell 《Research in Science Education》2010,40(2):171-186
This paper distils 24 years of classroom research into promoting quality learning in science classrooms to develop an overall
framework for better understanding and describing both the learning and the teaching approaches that stimulate and support
it. For me, quality learning is characterised by adjectives such as informed, purposeful, reflective, intellectually active,
metacognitive and independent. Central to quality learning is the role of talk, and central to promoting talk which promotes
quality learning are certain teacher behaviours. I first focus on the ways that teachers behave in the classroom in order
to promote, react to and use student talk. These behaviours are summed up in a list of twelve principles for quality teaching.
Each of these principles requires, as well as appropriate teacher behaviours, the use of effective teaching procedures. I
then focus on four kinds of student talk that exemplify informed, purposeful, reflective and intellectually active thinking.
These variously involve students’ existing ideas and explanations; increasing student ownership of practical activities; constructive
challenges to the teacher (or text’s) idea, and lateral, reflective ‘thinking’ questions. 相似文献
11.
Joke Voogt Frank Tilya Jan van den Akker 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(5):429-438
Science teachers from secondary schools in Tanzania were offered an in-service arrangement to prepare them for the integration
of technology in a student-centered approach to science teaching. The in-service arrangement consisted of workshops in which
educative curriculum materials were used to prepare teachers for student-centered education and for the use and application
of Microcomputer Based Laboratories (MBL)—a specific technology application for facilitating experiments in science education.
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to study whether the in-service arrangement impacted teacher learning. Teacher
learning was determined by three indicators: (1) the ability to conduct MBL-supported student centered science lessons, (2)
teachers’ reflection on those lessons and (3) students’ perceptions of the classroom environment. The results of the research
indicate that the teachers’ were able to integrate MBL in their science lessons at an acceptable level and that they were
able to create a classroom environment which was appreciated by their students as more investigative and open-ended. 相似文献
12.
Debra Panizzon John Pegg 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(2):417-436
Aligned with recent changes to syllabuses in Australia is an assessment regime requiring teachers to identify what their students
‘know’ and ‘can do’ in terms of the quality of understanding demonstrated. This paper describes the experiences of 25 secondary
science and mathematics teachers in rural schools in New South Wales as they explore the changing nature of assessment and
its implications on their classroom practice. To help reconceptualise these changes, teachers were introduced to a cognitive
structural model as a theoretical framework. Throughout the 2-year study, teachers attended a series of professional development
sessions and received ongoing consultative support. Each session was taped and transcribed while interviews were conducted
with each teacher at the end of both years. Analysis of these data using a grounded theory approach identified seven major
components of teacher practice impacted by the study. The core component was questioning while the six contributing components
were teachers’ pedagogical practices, attention to cognition, teaching strategies, assessment linked to pedagogy, classroom
advantages for students, and classroom advantages for teachers. These findings represent a major shift in teachers’ perceptions
of assessment from a focus on the accumulation of students’ marks to one of diagnosis as a means of directing teaching to
enhance students’ scientific and mathematical understandings. 相似文献
13.
William R. Veal Zachary Jackson 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2006,4(2):195-213
The purpose of this paper is to describe how and why a primary science methods classroom was conceived, designed, and developed for preservice and inservice teachers. Just as science educators believe that students learn best by constructing their knowledge of the natural world with the aid of a teacher and colleagues, science educators also believe that preservice and inservice teachers should learn in a collaborative and constructivist environment. Multiple dimensions relating to the dynamic processes of learning to teach, a ‘technical factor’ related to the physical and resource constraints that exist within a school, and sociocultural theory were used for the theoretical framework. A survey was given to 97 students who took a course in the classroom, six instructors were given a questionnaire, and three of these instructors were interviewed. These data sources sought to determine the effect of design features on student learning and instructor teaching. The results of the evaluation suggest students who used the classroom found their learning positively affected by the room design and instructors who taught in the classroom benefited by being able to teach in an inquiry and constructivist manner. 相似文献
14.
Integrating History of Science in Science Education through Historical Microworlds to Promote Conceptual Change 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper proposes a new way to integrate history of science in science education to promote conceptual change by introducing the notion of historical microworld, which is a computer-based interactive learning environment respecting historic conceptions. In this definition, “interactive” means that the user can act upon the virtual environment by changing some parameters to see what ensues. “Environment respecting historic conceptions” means that the “world” has been programmed to respect the conceptions of past scientists or philosophers. Three historical microworlds in the field of mechanics are presented in this article: an Aristotelian microworld respecting Aristotle’s conceptions about movement, a Buridanian microworld respecting the theory of impetus and, finally, a Newtonian microworld respecting Galileo’s conceptions and Newton’s laws of movement. 相似文献
15.
16.
学科教学知识(PCK)是教师知识的核心,发展PCK是教师专业发展的重要途径。文章阐述小学科学教师PCK的内涵,即教师为适应不同能力和兴趣的小学生,在将特定科学知识转化为学生易于理解的课堂教学形式时所使用的知识,它由小学科学课程知识、学习者知识、教学策略知识和学习评价知识构成。小学科学教师PCK的发展策略主要有:根据PCK内涵进行反思;加强专业阅读,进一步学习科学知识和科学教育知识;在学习共同体成员的交流中建构PCK。 相似文献
17.
18.
The purpose of this case study is to delve into the complexities of how preservice science teachers’ science teaching orientations, viewed as an interrelated set of beliefs, interact with the other components of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Eight preservice science teachers participated in the study. Qualitative data were collected in the form of content representation, responses to an open-ended instrument, and semi-structured interviews. Preservice teachers’ orientation and PCK were analyzed deductively. Constant comparison analysis of how their orientation interacted with other PCK components revealed three major themes: (1) one’s purpose for science teaching determines the PCK component(s) with which it interacts, (2) a teacher’s beliefs about the nature of science do not directly interact with his/her PCK, unless those beliefs relate directly to the purposes of teaching science, and (3) beliefs about science teaching and learning mostly interact with knowledge of instructional strategies. Implications for science teacher education and research are discussed. 相似文献
19.
理科教师的科学本质观对科学教育的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
梁永平 《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2006,33(1):119-121
人们对科学本质的认识经历了由科学的“真理观”向科学的“建构观”的转变。不同的科学本质观将直接影响着教师对科学教育目标的不同理解,对科学知识的不同选择,对教学主题的不同设计、教学话语的不同使用,对学生学习的不同评价。教师不同的科学本质观及其教学行为影响着学生的科学本质观的形成,影响着学生对科学内容的理解以及看待问题的思维方式。 相似文献
20.
This article examines Finnish cooperating physics teachers’ conceptions of teacher knowledge in physics. Six experienced teachers
were interviewed. The data was analyzed to form categories concerning the basis of teacher knowledge, and the tradition of
German Didaktik and Shulman’s theory of teacher knowledge were used in order to understand the results. The results show that
the teachers strongly emphasize knowledge related to day-to-day teaching practice. In German Didaktik, this means knowledge
of the best instructional methods, while in Shulman’s categorization it belongs to the category of representations, strategies,
and methods. It was also found that the teachers appear to lack some of the essential key ideas of modern physics teacher
education, such as a holistic view of instructional approaches. 相似文献