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1.
《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2012,34(2):177-184
This paper approaches the issue of resource allocation within education systems from the perspective of economic theory. Education is considered as a production process which involves the transformation of inputs (for example, staff and student time, physical capital and environmental factors) into outputs (for example, teaching outputs, research outputs and social services). The economic concepts of “efficiency” and “productivity” are reviewed, and it is suggested that while these concepts do not have direct application in the context of education systems they do serve to focus attention on factors which are influential in determining the extent to which resources that are available are used effectively. Accordingly, it is argued that account should be taken of the underlying economic concepts in establishing or reviewing arrangements for funding both institutions and departments or faculties within institutions, and that incentives that will encourage the pursuit of efficiency and productivity should be built into education systems at all levels. 相似文献
2.
de la Torre Eva M. Gómez-Sancho José-María Perez-Esparrells Carmen 《Tertiary Education and Management》2017,23(3):206-221
New public management and increasing levels of competition driven by global rankings are bringing the managerial practices of public and private higher education institutions closer together. However, these two types of institutions still maintain different objectives and traditions and enjoy different degrees of autonomy that are reflected in their internal organisational structures. We study the relative efficiency and productivity performance of private and public universities in Spain through two adaptations of the Malmquist Index. Results show that, in 2009/2010, the greater flexibility of private universities meant a better adjustment between inputs and outputs in the private sector. However, in 2013/2014, public universities had caught up with private universities. Because of the economic crisis, the inputs of public universities have decreased, but this decrease had not fully impacted their results in 2013/2014. 相似文献
3.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become a standard non-parametric approach to productivity analysis, especially to relative efficiency analysis of decision making units (DMUs). Extended to the prediction field, it can solve the prediction problem with multiple inputs and outputs which can not be solved easily by the regression analysis method. But the traditional DEA models can not solve the problem with undesirable outputs,so in this paper the inherent relationship between goal programming and the DEA method based on the relationship between multiple goal programming and goal programming is explored, and a mixed DEA model which can make all factors of inputs and undesirable outputs decrease in different proportions is built. And at the same time,all the factors of desirable outputs increase in different proportions. 相似文献
4.
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become a standard non-parametric approach to productivity analysis, especially to relative efficiency analysis of decision making units (DMUs). Extended to the prediction field, it can solve the prediction problem with multiple inputs and outputs which can not be solved easily by the regression analysis method.But the traditional DEA models can not solve the problem with undesirable outputs,so in this paper the inherent relationship between goal programming and the DEA method based on the relationship between multiple goal programming and goal programming is explored,and a mixed DEA model which can make all factors of inputs and undesirable outputs decrease in different proportions is built.And at the same time,all the factors of desirable outputs increase in different proportions. 相似文献
5.
当前,建设生态文明已成为中国发展的重要目标,其理论的关键是20世纪90年代以来在国际上日益得到重视的资源生产率概念。文章基于资源生产率的视角对传统的生产函数进行重构,并讨论资源生产率的理论意义和应用价值。 相似文献
6.
Tommaso Agasisti Antonio Dal Bianco Paolo Landoni Alessandro Sala Mario Salerno 《Higher Education Quarterly》2011,65(3):267-289
This paper investigates the efficiency of university departments in science, technology and medicine in an Italian Region (Lombardy). The aim of the paper is twofold: (i) to analyse the changes in productivity in recent years (from 2004 and 2007); and (ii) to detect factors that are potentially affecting efficiency. The research benefited from a new and unique dataset (called QuESTIO) developed by the Lombardy Regional Government. Using facilities and academic staff as inputs and research grants and publications as outputs, the research activity of academic departments was modelled. The methodological approach for computing efficiency scores is (DEA) Data Envelopment Analysis; Malmquist indexes have been used to measure changes in productivity, while Kruskal‐Wallis tests were employed to study the potential determinants of efficiency. Two main results were obtained. First, the academic departments improved their efficiency but, at the same time, the efficiency frontier worsened. Second, external and measurable factors (such as scientific sector, proportion of tenured staff, location, etc.) have a limited impact in explaining efficiency differentials. The policy implications of both results are discussed. 相似文献
7.
代猛 《河南科技学院学报》2014,(5):6-10
香菇作为一种重要的特色农业,在我国广泛种植并在促进农民增收过程中发挥重要的作用。但是目前关于香菇种植的数据和文章并不多,本文采用问卷调查的方法,抽取河南省西峡县香菇种植户43户,调查不同种植年份的投入和产出,利用微观数据对香菇种植业的生产效率和全要素生产率的演变进行测算。文章运用超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型对香菇种植业进行测算和分析,分析结果显示:对于香菇种植业而言,资本的产出弹性大于人力的产出弹性;技术效率在香菇种植的初始年份较低,随着种植的平均技术效率逐年增加并趋于稳定;要想提高香菇种植的全要素生产率的增长率必须提高香菇种植环节的技术水平。 相似文献
8.
高质量的普通高中教育是办好高等教育的基础,科学有效的评价结果有助于提高高中教育的质量和效率。SBM交叉效率评价法,基于能够评价多输入、多输出系统的DEA方法,将自评价和他评价相结合,利用非径向和非角度的度量方法解决了投入松弛性问题,能够较科学地评价教育效率。利用SBM交叉效率方法对我国31个省份（自治区或直辖市）2000-2007年普通高中教育效率进行评价,结果发现：经济发展水平对各地区普通高中教育效率的影响较为复杂。经济发展处于中等水平的地区教育效率值较高,而经济发展水平较发达或较落后的地区教育效率值较低。教育决策者应站在整个国家的高度上统筹规划,将资源配置到对偶价格更高的省份（自治区或直辖市）,使有限的教育资源得到更充分地利用。 相似文献
9.
Michael A. Peters 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2003,1(2):153-168
Higher education has become the new star ship in the policy fleet for governments around the world. The public policy focus on higher education, in part, reflects a growing consensus in macroeconomics of 'new growth' or 'endogenous growth' theory, based on the work of Solow, Lucas and Romer that argues that the driving force behind economic growth is technological change (i.e. improvements in knowledge about how we transform inputs into outputs in the production process). Knowledge about technology and levels of information flow are now considered critical for economic development and can account for differential growth patterns. In short, universities are seen to be a key driver towards the knowledge economy. Accordingly, higher education institutions have been encouraged to develop links with industry and business in a series of new venture partnerships. This emphasis in higher education policy also accords with initiatives to promote greater entrepreneurial skills and activity within so-called national systems of innovation. This paper focuses upon the economic importance of higher education as a key component of the knowledge economy. It discusses the genealogy and contributing strands to the newly emerging discourse and considers universities in the knowledge-driven economy by reference to the UK White Paper Our Competitive Future. It also considers the arguments advanced by Joseph Stiglitz (ex-Chief Economist of the World Bank) for the 'analytics of the knowledge economy' and discusses universities in terms of 'knowledge cultures'. Finally, the paper provides a critique of the policy discourse of the knowledge economy as a basis of the new challenges facing universities under knowledge capitalism. 相似文献
10.
赵建平 《江苏理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,9(6):89-92
高等教育成本确认与控制是构建现代大学制度、优化教育资源配置的客观需要。教育成本是指教育投入的经济价值，是各类资源耗费的货币表现，其成本形式不同于物质生产领域，具有非直接补偿性、递增性和“收付实现制”的特点。高等教育成本核算范围包括人员经费、公用经费和固定资产折旧，核算方法应以“权责发生制”为基础，此外，还应建立高等教育成本控制监督制度，以此控制高等教育成本，确保投入产出平衡，提高经济效益。 相似文献
11.
Andrew Skourdoumbis 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2017,16(3):205-217
This paper is a critique of the school education productivity evaluation and two research constructs germane to it, teacher quality and teacher effectiveness. The paper will argue that policy inceptions of teacher quality and teacher effectiveness proxy for the productive capacity of schools and more broadly, school systems. Student achievement scores as determined by high stakes testing are the school education outputs of policy significance in current times while inputs thought to matter are increasingly tapered towards the particular characteristics of classroom teachers, specifically their quality (usually credentials) and effectiveness (teaching behaviours). The paper finds that attributing school system success largely to teachers and their work, especially in terms of their classroom teaching practice(s), distorts the school education policy agenda so that evaluations of school productivity purely serve accountability purposes. 相似文献
12.
The neo-classical ‘human capital theory’ continues to be invoked as part of the rationale for educational expansion in the developing world. While the theory provides a route from educational inputs to economic outputs in terms of increased incomes and standards of living, the route is contingent and relies upon a number of key assumptions. This study examines these assumptions alongside student expectations of their educations in the context of Ghana using data collected from a survey conducted at higher education institution and from the Ghana Statistical Service's ongoing living standards surveys. Data indicate that students have high economic expectations but that trends in wages and employment are leading to ‘wage compression’ which may ultimately make expectations difficult to fulfill. The relatively low private costs of education, particularly higher education, may mean, however, that educational investment remains very much a ‘rational’ choice in economic terms. However, the study finds that key assumptions of successful human capital investment went largely unsatisfied in Ghana. 相似文献
13.
创新驱动就是全要素生产率驱动。基于2004—2018年省级面板数据对高等教育数量与质量影响全要素生产率作用机制进行研究,发现二者均能促进全要素生产率的增长,且高等教育质量的作用更大;高等教育数量和质量对全要素生产率的影响存在地区异质性以及时间异质性;高等教育数量与质量对全要素生产率的贡献分别集中在技术效率变动与技术进步,且会通过不同路径分别影响技术效率变动与技术进步。高等教育数量既直接影响技术效率变动,也会通过增加人力资本存量,进而影响技术效率变动,而高等教育质量通过提升创新能力促进技术进步。为助力经济发展新格局的形成,提升我国的全要素生产率,应适度扩大高等教育规模,提升高等教育质量,保证高等教育在区域间协调发展。 相似文献
14.
The ascendancy of neoliberalism and the associated discourses of ‘new public management’, during the 1980s and 1990s has produced a fundamental shift in the way universities and other institutions of higher education have defined and justified their institutional existence. The traditional professional culture of open intellectual enquiry and debate has been replaced with a institutional stress on performativity, as evidenced by the emergence of an emphasis on measured outputs: on strategic planning, performance indicators, quality assurance measures and academic audits. This paper traces the links between neoliberalism and globalization on the one hand, and neoliberalism and the knowledge economy on the other. It maintains that in a global neoliberal environment, the role of higher education for the economy is seen by governments as having greater importance to the extent that higher education has become the new star ship in the policy fleet for governments around the world. Universities are seen as a key driver in the knowledge economy and as a consequence higher education institutions have been encouraged to develop links with industry and business in a series of new venture partnerships. The recognition of economic importance of higher education and the necessity for economic viability has seen initiatives to promote greater entrepreneurial skills as well as the development of new performative measures to enhance output and to establish and achieve targets. This paper attempts to document these trends at the level of both political philosophy and economic theory. 相似文献
15.
合理、准确的进行普通高中教育效率评价有利于引导教育投资方向,提高教育效率,推进教育改革。利用DEA模型,在假设规模收益不变条件下,采用基于投入的视窗分析方法研究1999-2009年我国各省市区普通高中的教育效率发现：同一时间段不同省份之间的教育效率差别很大,但同一省份不同时间段间的效率差别不大;与经济发展情况不同,中西部地区的教育效率高于东部地区;经济发达地区的各种投入的影子价格均低于欠发达地区。针对各地教育效率现状,政府应针对不同地区实际,制定鼓励民间资本投资普通高中的优惠政策,扩大对自然条件恶劣或少数民族聚居区异地教学支持的帮扶,加大财政转移支付,改善欠发达地区教育投入不足的现状,从而从总体上提高全国普通高中教育的效率水平。 相似文献
16.
In this study, productivity growth in 35 Australian universities is investigated using non-parametric frontier techniques over the period 1998–2003. The five inputs included in the analysis are full-time equivalent academic and non-academic staff, non-labour expenditure and undergraduate and postgraduate student load while the six outputs are undergraduate, postgraduate and Ph.D. completions, national competitive and industry grants and publications. Using Malmquist indices, productivity growth is decomposed into technical efficiency and technological change. The results indicate that annual productivity growth averaged 3.3% across all universities, with a range from −1.8% to 13.0%, and was largely attributable to technological progress. However, separate analyses of research-only and teaching-only productivity indicate that most of this gain was attributable to improvements in research-only productivity associated with pure technical and some scale efficiency improvements. While teaching-only productivity also contributed, the largest source of gain in that instance was technological progress offset by a slight fall in technical efficiency. 相似文献
17.
李树乔 《北京教育学院学报》2005,19(2):8-11,21
教育生产函数是对各种教育投入不同联结方式的最大教育产出可能的分析。当前,我们要以科学发展观统领教育工作全局,促进教育事业全面协调可持续发展,必须加强对教育生产函数的研究。本文阐述了教育生产函数的几种形式及其在教育管理中的应用,进而倡导运用教育生产函数来优化教育资源配置,提高教育的效率。 相似文献
18.
PETE GOLDSCHMIDT 《比较教育学》1999,35(1):27-43
This paper addresses two important issues concerning US education: first do monetary inputs affect educational achievement; and second, if monetary inputs do affect educational achievement, how does the US compare internationally, when considering both achievement and fiscal effort? We use several national and international reading and mathematics achievement tests as educational outputs; and US state and international income and educational expenditures per capita as inputs. Given our use of aggregate data we focus on describing the relationship between educational inputs and outputs at the state or national level. Still, our results indicate that there is an association between relative fiscal effort and achievement. We find that the US performs as expected, given its income and relative fiscal effort. We also find several US states to be as efficient as top performing foreign nations. 相似文献
19.
Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education, most have focused on the scale of university (the economies of scale), but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education, especially on the combined efficiency of outputs (the economies of scope). There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are complementary with research resources, or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate training. In the background of the resource scarcity, it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education to realize intensive development of higher education. Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities attached to the Ministry of Education, this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate cultivation, postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource sharing, the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest. As far as the quality of teaching and research are concerned, diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great. The main reasons are as follows: poor distribution of facilities, teachers and books, overlapping internal management systems, and the current postgraduate cultivation model. Therefore, relative departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of higher education. 相似文献
20.