共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
R.F. Dearden 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(3):279-288
Abstract The management by local education authorities (LEAs) of provision for special educational needs has long proved problematical, especially in mainstream schools. In the period following the 1981 Education Act, many LEAs sought to develop a ‘continuum of provision’ by the central direction of resources into the mainstream, but with limited success. In the wake of the 1988 Education Act, LEAs will need to pursue a more collaborative approach to the development of special needs policy. Examples of such approaches are studied and a model of an interactive relationship between schools and LEAs is proposed. Finally, the implications for LEA support services are discussed together with suggestions of a distinctive role for institutions of higher education. 相似文献
2.
Gary Mcculloch 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2-3):235-246
This article explores the attitudes adopted by local education authorities in England and Wales towards the reorganisation of secondary education in the new era of secondary education for all that was introduced through the Education Act of 1944. In general the Ministry of Education and the post-war Labour government actively encouraged Local Education Authorities (LEAs) to introduce a tripartite system of grammar, technical and modern schools in their areas. However, in many cases it is difficult to attribute LEA support for a bipartite or tripartite system to supine acquiescence; the LEAs involved were also making a principled choice to define the nature of educational provision in their own areas. The article discusses in particular depth the views of LEAs that preferred a bipartite arrangement, and those that promoted tripartism, in order to identify the character of the issues as they appeared to LEAs in this period. 相似文献
3.
Joyce Bruce 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(1):53-65
Schools are currently suffering from considerable ‘innovation overload’ with multiple changes being demanded by the Education Reform Act and other sources. Tom Peters (1988) has argued that a similar turbulent situation exists in US business and industry and suggests that the most successful companies are those which are able to ‘Thrive on Chaos’. LEAs and schools need knowledge and skills about school improvement and this article attempts to provide research‐based information to help them cope with innovation and improve teaching and learning. School improvement is seen as a combination of previous research on the management of change and school effectiveness. Eight factors which seem to be related to effective schools are listed and knowledge about the change process is used to consider how a school could be improved. In order to offer practical help to LEAs and schools a set of guidelines is provided and recent research findings are discussed under each heading. The article concludes with an outline of a possible LEA school improvement project, involving a set of stages. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a schools’ quasi‐market intended to reward schools financially for recruiting pupils and to give them a financial incentive for ‘good’ educational performance. The paper examines this linkage by analysing data on financial performance for over 300 English Local Education Authority (LEA) and Grant Maintained (GM) secondary schools from 1990/91 to 1995/96, correcting for inflation and changes in LEA delegation ratios. On average over 6 LEA areas, real school budgets per pupil declined by 0.6% a year while examination performance at GCSE improved. Statistical analysis shows that while change in pupil numbers is the most important variable explaining school budget change, half as much is explained by variations in LEA and government financial policy, thus weakening market incentives. It was also found that the proportion of socially disadvantaged pupils, as measured by free school meals, is associated with a loss of pupils over time and hence a decline in budget. GM status had no discernible effect on pupil recruitment, once social disadvantage and other explanatory variables were taken into account. It is suggested that both ecological and open systems theories of how organisations change in response to external environmental pressures explain the differential success of schools in attracting resources. 相似文献
5.
Carol Vincent 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(5):429-443
In 1987, Cleveland Local Education Authority (LEA) allowed a child to transfer schools to one where the vast majority of children were white. Four years later, a High Court judge ruled that the LEA was correct to do so. His judgement made it clear that the 1976 Race Relations Act did not govern the 1980 provisions for parental choice of school. This paper looks at the implications of this case. After detailing the events leading up to and including the judicial review, it examines first, the legislative framework for parental choice of schools and its place in Conservative Party education policy, and second, it explores the history of school admissions in racial terms. Following this, three themes arising from the Cleveland case are highlighted: the increased levels of juridification affecting education, the deracializing of the debate on school organization and curriculum, and the roles of individual parents and the state in educating children. The paper concludes by focusing on the need for more participative structures within the education system. These changes would help to ensure that moves towards a segregated educational system do not occur by default, but that the matter is fully and publicly debated. 相似文献
6.
Abstract This article explores the provenance and features of the new Code of Practice for special educational needs and then reports on research on the implementation of the Code in one Local Education Authority. It is argued that the Code has managerial, curricular and consumer dimensions, all of which have a number of implications for policy and practice, for both LEAs and schools. In particular, the Code can be seen as a mechanism for controlling and targeting resource allocation as well as a means of increasing accountability in relation to provision and partnership with parents. The Code is also closely linked to the changing role of LEAs and is therefore likely to affect the relationship between LEAs and schools. 相似文献
7.
For more than a decade, LEAs have been under pressure to close schools. During this period the scale of contraction in school provision has been substantial but has nevertheless lagged behind DES expectations. This paper is concerned with the selection of schools for closure or amalgamation and examines in detail the procedures adopted and the proposals advanced in one LEA. While existing evidence suggests that the selection of schools for closure has generally been less than rational, the case selected is an example of what has been officially described as ‘strategic planning’ and ‘good practice’. Policy statements, criteria for selecting schools, and the characteristics of schools earmarked for closure are compared to assess the relationship between theory and practice. In practice, the criteria cited by the LEA were generally not capable of strict application. In addition, unstated criteria, notably school size, appear to have been significant. Thus, the LEA's proposals did not correspond directly to its own stated policy. Further, the extent to which the procedure adopted by the LEA conformed to notions of rational planning was limited. Current legislation is likely to reduce still further the ability of LEAs to produce rational schemes of contraction. 相似文献
8.
David H. Allan 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(2):257-270
As part of an investigation into the progress of the appraisal of primary school headteachers in three LEAs in the Midlands, the three LEA appraisal coordinators concerned were interviewed in advance of a sample of the headteachers. From the three semi-structured interviews it was possible to detect interesting differences, as well as similarities, in the procedures adopted in the LEAs. In one case the advisers were unable to meet the statutory obligation for there to be an LEA officer involved in each appraisal and reporting back to the LEA appeared to be very patchy. This stemmed from resource constraints which were also seen as a looming problem by the other coordinators. In all three cases the coordinators had tried to ensure that the implementation of headteacher appraisal was as non-threatening as possible. This had led in some cases to a level of reciprocity of appraisal together with a degree of choice which might be seen as a more comfortable set of arrangements than many managers outside education or, for that matter, class teachers might encounter. The outcomes were, however, seen as very positive staff development for the heads concerned. (This is being confirmed by the overwhelming majority of the heads themselves in the interviews with them which have taken place subsequently.) Although appraisal reports on heads are available by law to the chairpersons of governing bodies, there was evidence that such feedback as there was tended to be perfunctory in many cases. There is evidence that this is not through carelessness. Appraisal of headteachers may not be following the lines of accountability originally favoured by the government. This may account for some evidence of government disenchantment with the appraisal process in education as it currently operates. 相似文献
9.
Steve Harrison 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(2):183-195
The article attempts to provide a framework of future actions by schools and LEAs. It questions the basis on which certain of Swann's proposals were made and calls for a more open acceptance that what is envisaged is a form of bargain: a promise of change in schools in return for the confidence of the ethnic minorities. Areas of potential weakness are explored; in particular the role of the Churches as providers of education is examined in a way which looks forward towards partnership rather than in the negative and politically‐unrealistic context in which Swann views them. The process of arriving at policy is seen as crucial. The prospect of policy statements without staff involvement in the processes of evaluation and development is viewed with scepticism. The major dilemma of the place of schools as organizations which operate with their own values in a situation where calls are made for a type of shared‐value context is addressed. The place of teaching styles within that debate is also discussed. 相似文献
10.
Hilda Kean 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(2):145-154
Abstract Recent legislation embodies different concepts of education that are commonly driven by the market and financial considerations. The Local Management of Schools (LMS) part of the Education Reform Act (ERA) is very similar in concept to recent innovations in the structure of other local government services. The continuing financial incorporation of education within the local government framework has resulted in the education welfare tradition being eroded especially through compulsory competitive tendering. Policy alternatives might be considered that look at structures for education outside the specific education remit and that see schools as a site for broad local authority provision. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):177-185
Abstract The paper describes the setting up and implementation of an initiative in social education in Dudley, jointly supported by Dudley LEA and The Social Morality Council. The programme developed out of earlier work in the authority including the production of a syllabus in social education for 13‐18 year olds and was in direct response to the perceived needs of schools. Work was undertaken in several schools with a special emphasis on establishing links between schools, the community and employers and was monitored by surveying the views of parents, pupils, teachers and employers. The report describes the development of the role of advisory teacher, of involvement of various external agencies, the production of resource materials and summarizes the evaluators’ key ‘findings’ resulting from the project. This information, it is hoped, may be of interest to other schools and LEAs which may be considering a social education programme. 相似文献
12.
《British Journal of Special Education》1995,22(1):16-19
Although the 1981 Education Act encouraged LEAs to integrate pupils with special educational needs, responses varied widely. Stephanie Lorenz, an LEA educational psychologist, considers the effects of legislative change on the integration of a cohort of pupils with Down's Syndrome in one LEA. 相似文献
13.
14.
Leslie J. Francis David W. Lankshear Emma L. Eccles 《British Journal of Religious Education》2020,42(1):56-64
AbstractAs a consequence of the 1944 Education Act church schools were given the choice of opting for voluntary controlled status or for voluntary aided status. In voluntary aided status the Church had more control but carried greater costs. Within England and Wales this distinction is still maintained. This study measures the attitude toward Christianity of 4581 year 4, 5 and 6 students (8- to 11-years of age) attending 87 Church in Wales primary schools, and compares the responses of 1678 students attending controlled schools with the responses of 2903 students attending aided schools. After controlling for sex, age and frequency of church attendance, voluntary aided status is associated with a more positive attitude toward Christianity. In other words, aided status does make a difference to the attitudinal dimension of students’ religiosity. 相似文献
15.
Paul Sharp 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2-3):197-215
Local Education Authorities (LEAs) have been features of the administrative landscape of England and Wales for a century. For most of this period, their role, as central government's key partners in the operation of the national education system, expanded. However, intense criticisms of educational organisation and standards, during the 1970s, led to re-assessment of, and ultimately to major reductions in, their responsibilities, during the 1980s and 1990s. This article surveys the changed and changing role of LEAs, and the debate that has surrounded it, during their hundred years of existence, with particular reference to the period since the 1988 Education Reform Act. The concluding part of the article focuses on current developments under the New Labour government, which has assigned a definite but limited range of functions to LEAs. It is argued in this article that, as the 'intermediate level' of LEA administration has been relegated to a marginal role, little purpose would be served by implementing recent proposals for a radical restructuring of the local educational administration. 相似文献
16.
Rex Richards 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(3):249-252
Abstract The growth in importance of performance assessment in education over recent years has been linked with a concern to ensure that the service represents ‘value for money’. To date the absence of a satisfactory analytical framework has meant that questions of ‘effectiveness’ and ‘efficiency’ have been kept separate. An additional problem has been that, whilst there are many different outcomes which are appropriate for education authorities to pursue, conventional models handle these only one at a time. In this paper we use data on the 96 English LEAs to show how an underlying model allows authorities to be compared in terms of ‘efficiency’ when facing different environmental circumstances and utilising different resource inputs. The technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is first described in the context of an explanatory model, and then the results of applying this to the English LEAs are presented. As distinct from a league table’ analysis, DEA gives some indications of where improvements are to be sought. It allows for ‘trade‐offs’ between outputs of different types and provides a small but distinct peer group of ‘efficient’ authorities to which an ‘inefficient’ LEA can be compared. The efficiency measure used is ‘relative efficiency’ which arises from comparing the actual performance of an inefficient authority with that of others which can be used to model its environmental circumstances and resource inputs. A number of case studies are described. The limitations of the technique, and the caution required in interpretation, are discussed. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2012,64(3):221-243
ABSTRACT This paper, which is based on ESRC‐funded research, draws on quantitative and qualitative data to examine the transformation of the business studies curriculum in secondary schools. It links this transformation to the emergence of the ‘new vocationalism’ and to alleged changes in the nature of work, work organisation and the labour market. The paper argues that the changes which have taken place in the business studies curriculum are the result of interplay between the rhetoric of the new vocationalism, the resources mobilised to support this rhetoric, the activities of various mediating agencies, the characteristics and environments of schools and the professional and career concerns of teachers. The paper ends by considering the place of business studies within the curriculum in the aftermath of the 1988 Education Act. 相似文献
18.
本文以法制精神为主轴,以重要教育举措为横轴,以"每个孩子都很重要"为教育价值取向,审视了英国从1944年到2008年过去半个多世纪颁布的几部影响着英国基础教育格局和走向的法律,如1944年的教育改革法,1988年教育改革法,1993年的教育法和2006年教育检查法等,以及发展基础教育的六大举措:如统一国家课程标准,发展自我管理学校,监控教育服务和质量,打造特色学校等。文章最后对我国教育可以借鉴的方面提出了建议。 相似文献
19.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(2):189-204
Abstract In 1999 the South African Department of Education issued guides for the Representative Councils for Learners established in terms of the South African Schools Act, 1996 (Act 84 of 1996). This article examines the usefulness of these guides in promoting democracy and education for citizenship in South African schools. The guides are located in the context of theories of participatory democracy, representation, and education for citizenship, and of the democratic strengths of the People's Education Movement of the 1980s. In this context, it is argued that the main tendency of the guides is to undermine democratic participation, and that their favoured conception of education for citizenship is minimalist. The article emphasises the need for a more maximalist approach to citizenship education, and for more scope for participatory democracy in schools. 相似文献
20.
《师资教育杂志》2012,38(1):50-56
From an examination of documents obtained from forty‐nine local education authorities (LEAs), a research suggested as useful by a project on disruptive behaviour (Lawrence, Steed & Young, 1978), an account was obtained of the expectations of LEAs as to how initial teacher training, programmes should introduce teachers to the skills required for coping with disruptive behaviour. This paper reports the findings derived from these LEA documents and examines their implications for initial teacher training. LEAs are asking colleges to provide factual information about facilities, discussion of major related concepts and training in observational skills, and in a problem solving approach. These requirements are modest and feasible, but require staff who are up‐to‐date vis‐a‐vis disruptive behaviour. 相似文献