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1.
One hundred four students watched a videotape of six communicators (three liars and three truthtellers) and were asked to judge the veracity of the strangers’ communication. In addition to judging deception, students reported which cites guided their veridical judgments. To limit their available cognitive capacity one‐half of the participants were given an additional cognitive task to complete (counting backwards from a number by 7) while viewing the videotapes. Results indicated that lie detectors with limited cognitive capacity reported using more vocal cues and fewer verbal cues than lie detectors whose cognitive capacity was not manipulated. Lie detectors with limited capacity were more accurate at catching liars and reported fewer truthful judgments than lie detectors in the high capacity condition. Overall, lie detectors reported using primarily demeanor cues and visual cues to distinguish truths from lies. Results also indicated that lie detectors’ beliefs about deception differed as a function of the communicators’ veracity. Specifically, when judging truthful communicators, lie detectors reported using fewer vocal cues and demeanor cues while relying on a greater number of verbal and visual cues as compared to lie detectors judging deceptive communicators. 相似文献
2.
Tamara Marksteiner Marc-André Reinhard Oliver Dickh?user Siegfried Ludwig Sporer 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2012,27(3):329-350
The present study explores how well teacher trainees can detect liars. Moreover, a new method was applied to investigate beliefs that teacher trainees hold about liars. The results indicate that, overall, teacher trainees were not better than chance in detecting true and invented stories. Generally, participants reported to have used only a few cues for their credibility judgment, where most of these self-reported cues are stereotypical and invalid deception cues (e.g., gaze aversion). Further analyses with a Brunswikian lens model showed that the self-reported cues were good predictors of their credibility judgment but only poorly predictive for the objective truth/lie status of the statement. Practical implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
3.
通过对比在线与离线两种交流模式,观察在网络信息交流模式下实验者对语言产出和交互反馈式信息的关注程度,探究学习者反馈信息的类型和该模式下哪种反馈信息更容易被关注,从而发现学习者的关注在网络聊天模式下对语言学习会有哪些影响。 相似文献
4.
Kaila C. Bruer Sarah Zanette Xiao Pan Ding Thomas D. Lyon Kang Lee 《Child development》2020,91(4):e995-e1011
This study explored whether children's (N = 158; 4- to 9 years old) nonverbal facial expressions can be used to identify when children are being deceptive. Using a computer vision program to automatically decode children's facial expressions according to the Facial Action Coding System, this study employed machine learning to determine whether facial expressions can be used to discriminate between children who concealed breaking a toy(liars) and those who did not break a toy(nonliars). Results found that, regardless of age or history of maltreatment, children's facial expressions could accurately (73%) be distinguished between liars and nonliars. Two emotions, surprise and fear, were more strongly expressed by liars than nonliars. These findings provide evidence to support the use of automatically coded facial expressions to detect children's deception. 相似文献
5.
钟玲 《徐特立研究(长沙师范专科学校学报)》2006,(3):59-62
网络手段在教学中的普及，促生了网上交谈在英语课堂中的应用。通过实验数据对网络交谈和小组面谈的激励作用进行比较分析，表明前者的激励作用较强，明显更受学生欢迎；学生在网上交谈的分配和目标语的产出更为合理。因此，网上交谈可以作为英语教师组织课堂活动的一项有效补充。 相似文献
6.
钟玲 《四川职业技术学院学报》2006,16(4):72-74
网络在教学中的普及促生了网上交谈在英语课堂的应用。本文通过实验数据对网络交谈和小组面谈的激励作用进行了比较分析,结果表明前者的激励作用较强,学生在网上交谈的分配和目标语的产出更为合理;学生也表示更喜欢网上交谈。因此,我们认为网上交谈可以作为英语教师组织课堂活动的一项有效补充。 相似文献
7.
Yuping Wang 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(4):311-330
This article examines the degrees of collaborative language learning that were supported in cyber face-to-face interaction. The concept of “cyber face-to-face” is used here to encapsulate the kind of environment in which a combination of real-time oral/aural, visual, and text-based interaction happens simultaneously via the various features in an advanced Synchronous Learning Management System (SLMS). The study discusses the results of an evaluation of the five features, namely, the interactive whiteboard, the text chat, the group cyber face-to-face classrooms, the audio, and the video, in an SLMS called 3C. Thirty-three students from an online Chinese/English interpreting course participated in this study. Survey data indicate that collaborative learning can be effectively facilitated in a cyber face-to-face environment, although the degrees of collaboration vary among the five features evaluated. Recommendations for maximizing the collaborative learning potentials of a cyber face-to-face environment are also put forward. 相似文献
8.
文字聊天和视频会议等实时交流工具为外语学习者提供了在真实语境中进行交流的机会。中日两国大学生的文字聊天记录和视频录像证实文字聊天和视频会议均能促进外语学习者进行语意协商,从而修正语言错误,提升文化意识。相对于视频会议,文字聊天能更有效促进词汇学习。 相似文献
9.
Currently available web page accessibility guidelines focus more on reading and writing, with inadequate attention to other aspects of online learning such as computer-mediated communication. This study aims to explore the engagement of Malaysia secondary school students with dyslexia and students without dyslexia on various synchronous and asynchronous communication interaction technologies in an online collaborative learning environment. Multiple case within subject qualitative study was employed to investigate the engagement of students using a semi structured interview guideline. The findings revealed that (1) text chat is unsuitable for learning discussion for all learners, (2) forum affords self-paced and organized formal discussion for most learners and (3) video conferencing is suitable for interactive face-to-face, verbal discussion for most learners. 相似文献
10.
Communication patterns in computer mediated versus face-to-face group problem solving 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
David H. Jonassen Hyug Kwon II 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2001,49(1):35-51
Research has shown that when group problem solving is computer mediated, communications become more task oriented with clearer
role expectations, while face-to-face communications are more cohesive and personal. None of this research has examined those
patterns of interactions in terms of the problem solving activities engaged. In this study, we compared the perceptions of
participants, the nature of the comments made, and the patterns of communication in face-to-face and computer-mediated groups
in terms of problem-solving activities while solving well-structured and ill-structured problems. The quantity of messages
in the computer conference was smaller but more task related than in the face-to-face conversations because participants reflected
more on ideas and perspectives in reaching their decisions. A cluster analysis of communication patterns showed that computer-mediated
group decisions more closely resembled the general problem-solving process of problem definition, orientation, and solution
development as group interaction progressed, while the face-to-face group interactions tended to follow a linear sequence
of interactions. Participants who solved problems through computer conferencing were more satisfied with the process and believed
that there was a greater quality in the problem-solving process. 相似文献
11.
任国防 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,31(1):33-36
在标准的“最后通牒”博弈中，双方要瓜分一笔钱，其中一方是提议者，只有一次机会提出分配方案，另外一方是回应者，决定接受或者拒绝分配方案。如果回应者接受分配方案，则按照提议者所提出的方案进行分配，如果回应者拒绝接受分配方案，则博弈双方都得不到任何钱，且博弈结束。文章介绍了最后通牒博弈的几种实验范式并综述了一些重要的研究结果及理论解释，最后提出了未来的研究方向及建议。 相似文献
12.
Recently, deception research has focused primarily on micro‐analytic methods of lie detection (e.g., eye contact duration, response latency, vocal errors). This study adopted a macro‐assessment approach, where deception detection is based on global evaluations of communication, specifically honesty evaluation based on communicator style. 385 subjects viewed four different videotape segments of individuals participating in a simulated job interview. Two of the individuals were truthful throughout the interview, and two fabricated false information on some questions. Subjects were asked to evaluate or assess the honesty level of these individuals, as well as assess a number of communicator style dimensions. Multiple regression analyses revealed that honesty assessments can be predicted from communication style characterized by high friendliness, attentiveness, and preciseness, and low animated and dramatic styles. Some differences were observed for communicator style predictions of honesty based on liars/truthers, subject gender, target gender, and deceit‐orientation differences. Implications for future research are noted. 相似文献
13.
James B. Schreiber Michael P. Verdi Julie Patock-peckham Janet T. Johnson William A. Kealy 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):114-130
On the basis of Kulhavy's (R. W. Kulhavy, J. B. Lee, & L. C. Caterino, 1985) conjoint retention model of text learning with organized spatial displays, the authors conducted 2 experiments to analyze the effects of different types of maps and a considerate text (i.e., a text that follows the scanning pattern of the map) or an inconsiderate text. In the 1st study, 158 participants viewed an intact or a segmented map and a considerate or a randomized text. Those participants who viewed the intact map and read the considerate text recalled significantly more information than those who viewed the intact map and read the randomized text. In the 2nd study, 179 participants viewed a flat map, a 1-point perspective map, or a 2-point perspective map, and a considerate text formulated on the basis of the predicted scanning pattern of the map. Those participants who viewed the flat map recalled significantly more information than those who viewed the perspective maps. 相似文献
14.
António M. Teixeira 《The American journal of distance education》2013,27(4):231-233
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of traditionally spoken linguistic analysis approaches for understanding the nature and outcomes of online interaction. The study took place with twenty-eight elementary school teachers in ten suburban Chicago schools involved in a technology-supported, problem-based learning curriculum development effort. The asynchronous and face-to-face communications of participants were monitored to test the utility of linguistic discourse variables for understanding interaction. The evidence showed that similar sense-making and interaction strategies are used in both face-to-face and online dialogue but that the strategies were significantly more prevalent in the face-to-face than online dialogue. When critical reflection was studied as an outcome of both forms of dialogue, asynchronous electronic communication was significantly more reflective than face-to-face discourse. 相似文献
15.
Mona Nilsen 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(3):235-250
This paper focuses on how people working in the Swedish food production industry engage in in-service training by means of computer-mediated communication. The empirical material consists of archived chat log files from a course concerning quality assurance and food safety hazards control in the preparation and handling of foodstuff. Drawing on Goffman and the concepts framing and footing, the analytical focus in this study is on how participants frame the web-based training activity, and what participation frameworks they enact in the activity. The analysis shows that the participants enact and shift footings when they write, and these shifts in footings result in a hybridity of framings. However, as the analysis also shows a thematic continuity and a progression in the online discussions are rendered possible as the participants draw on a participation framework of one more knowledgeable recipient (teacher and/or representative of the authority) and some less knowledgeable recipients (students and/or representatives of branch organisations). In this manner, shifts in footing are found to be a productive means of serving both specific communicative and pedagogical purposes in the online in-service training environment. 相似文献
16.
Stacey L. Kerr Mardi J. Schmeichel 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2018,50(3):241-252
Gender differences in participation were examined across four Twitter chats for social studies teachers. Analyses drawing on mixed methods revealed that while there was parity across most kinds of tweets, participants identified as men were more likely to use the examined Twitter chats to share resources, give advice, boast, promote their own blog/resource/website, and offer critique to another participants' tweet. Participants identified as women were more likely to write tweets that included positive affirmations for other chat participants. These findings suggest that there are differences in the way that women and men tend to participate in teacher Twitter chat spaces. 相似文献
17.
Research has shown that differences in the prior knowledge of the participants and in the learning indexes adopted can explain why some studies show positive learning effects of analogy enriched text while others do not. In the present studies, these two factors were combined into one through the construction of a learning index that measured incremental positive changes in the participants' prior knowledge after reading an analogy enriched or no analogy text. A second learning index was also used to evaluate whether the participants created well-formed conceptual models after reading the science text. These learning indexes were used in two studies in which the effects of analogy enriched versus no analogy text were compared on the learning of the scientific explanations of the day/night cycle and of the seasons. The participants were 3rd and 5th graders in the first study and 6th graders and college students in the other. Although only few of the participants learned the correct scientific explanation, those who read the analogy enriched text produced more incremental positive changes in their pretest explanations at posttest and delayed test and created more well-formed conceptual models close to the scientific one than those who read the no analogy text. They also recalled more information and created fewer invalid inferences in their recalls. The results indicate that analogies can be used without reservation to facilitate the learning of science and have broader implications about how to evaluate the learning of science in general. 相似文献
18.
College students with either high or low prior domain knowledge (PK) read a text chapter presented in short pages on a computer monitor. Half of the participants read with headings present and half with headings absent. The computer recorded time spent reading and rereading each short page. Learning was assessed through a structured recall task. In general, headings seem to improve recall of high importance information, and headings were more effective for high PK learners. Analysis of time data showed that participants with headings spent more time per word reading the pages with headings than participants that did not have headings. Prior knowledge had no effect on attention to either high importance information or important supporting detail. Low prior knowledge readers decreased the amount of time spent reading each word as they progressed through the passage and neither the presence nor absence of headings influenced this effect. 相似文献
19.
Refutation text is potentially more effective than standard text for conceptual change. Learning from text and graphic is also potentially superior to learning from text alone. In two studies, we investigated the effectiveness of both a refutation text and a refutation graphic for promoting high school students’ conceptual change learning about season change, as well as their metacognitive awareness of conceptual conflict and knowledge revision. In both studies, participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) standard text with standard graphic, (2) standard text with refutation graphic, (3) refutation text with standard graphic, or (4) refutation text with refutation graphic. Both studies had a pretest, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test design and involved students with an initial common misconception about the causes of season change. In Study 2, explicit relevance instructions to observe the important illustration were given to the participants. In both studies, refutation text with refutation graphic was not more beneficial than other instructional materials, either at immediate or delayed post-test. In Study 1, more stable conceptual change learning emerged in readers of the refutation text with standard graphic compared to readers in the control condition. In Study 2, readers of the standard text with refutation graphic performed as well as readers of the refutation text with standard graphic. In addition, more readers of the refutation text with either graphic showed metacognitive awareness of their knowledge change compared to readers in the control condition. Educational implications underline the importance of relevance instructions for guiding readers toward the graphic and of the design of text-graphic pairing to sustain knowledge revision. 相似文献
20.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate how individuals with persistent pain would respond to instructional materials designed to promote the modality and redundancy effects. It was predicted that persistent pain would reduce the positive impact of narrated text due to reduced working memory capacity. One hundred thirty-seven full-time teachers from six schools in Australia participated in the study. Pain and pain-free participants were identified and matched through a demographics questionnaire before being randomly assigned to selected instructional formats. In both experiments, participants viewed system-paced multimedia presentations depicting how lightning works. In Experiment 1, it was found that for pain-free participants, illustrations plus narrated text led to significantly higher learning outcomes than illustrations plus written text (a modality effect). However, for pain participants, no advantage was found for the illustrations plus narrated text format. In Experiment 2, it was found that for pain-free participants, illustrations plus narrated text led to significantly higher learning outcomes than illustrations plus narrated text plus identical written text (a redundancy effect). For pain participants, a reverse effect was found, suggesting that the replicated written text format was not redundant but beneficial for these individuals. Furthermore, despite low scores on standardized pain measures, individuals with persistent pain achieved significantly lower learning outcomes than pain-free participants in both experiments. It was concluded that clinically low levels of pain could significantly interfere with information retention and transference. For individuals with persistent pain, the use of narrated explanatory text could be a disadvantage due to its transitory nature. 相似文献