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1.
Guided by three major theoretical frameworks, this meta-analysis synthesizes 17 empirical studies (15 articles with 18,297 participants, 13 of them are from non-representative samples) and quantifies the effect sizes of a list of antecedents (e.g., cognitive, affective, and social factors) on information avoidance during the COVID-19 context. Findings indicated that information-related factors including channel belief (r = -0.35, p < .01) and information overload (r = 0.23, p < .01) are more important in determining individual's avoidance behaviors toward COVID-19 information. Factors from the psychosocial aspects, however, had low correlations with information avoidance. While informational subjective norms released a negative correlation (r = -0.16, p < .1) which was approaching significant, positive and negative risk responses were not associated with information avoidance. Moderator analysis further revealed that the impacts of several antecedents varied for people with different demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, region of origin), and under certain sampling methods. Theoretically, this meta-analysis may help determine the most dominant factors from a larger landscape, thus providing valuable directions to refine frameworks and approaches in health information behaviors. Findings from moderator analysis have also practically inspired certain audience segmentation strategies to tackle occurrence of information avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic.  相似文献   

2.
Previous empirical studies have shown that in Chinese culture face is critical for the success of knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems (KMS). However, much less is known about the factors shaping the concern for face and the way they impact on the individual's knowledge sharing intention in KMS. Using data drawn from professionals’ knowledge sharing practices in Taiwanese organizations, this study focuses on a detailed investigation of the concern for face and how it impedes individuals’ knowledge sharing intention in the KMS context. The research findings show that the perfection of authentic self and the scrutiny of others (referred to as others’ watch) together explain 27.7% of the variance in face in relation to public self. In turn, face related to public self explains 20.7% of subjective norms. Finally, face related to public self and subjective norms together account for 41.2% of the variance in knowledge sharing intention. The research findings have important theoretical and managerial implications.  相似文献   

3.
The present study was designed to understand the cigarette smoking-induced alterations in hormones and the resulting changes in platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) activity in chronic smokers. Human male volunteers aged 35 ± 8 years, were divided into two groups, namely controls and smokers (12 ± 2 cigarettes per day for 7–10 years). Results showed that cigarette smoking significantly (p < 0.05) elevated plasma triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol and testosterone levels with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in plasma tryptophan and thyroxin (T4). Moreover, smokers showed reduced platelet 5-HT levels and MAO-B activity. In smokers, plasma cortisol was negatively correlated with tryptophan (r = −0.386), platelet MAO-B (r = −0.264), and 5-HT (r = −0.671), and positively correlated with testosterone (r = 0.428). However, testosterone was negatively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = −0.315), and 5-HT (r = −.419) in smokers. Further, smokers plasma T3 levels were negatively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = −0.398), and 5-HT (r = −0.541), whereas T4 levels were positively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = 0.369), and 5-HT (r = 0.454). In conclusion, our study showed that altered testosterone and cortisol levels may aggravate behavior, mood disturbances and symptoms of depression by decreasing platelet 5-HT and MAO-B activity in smokers.  相似文献   

4.
On the basis of the Chinese schema, we propose that internal social capital manifests itself in the form of ‘guanxi’, trust, and norms. We discuss the concept of interpersonal relationships within the context of Chinese culture by embedding the guanxi concept into a model to investigate the relationships among the three dimensions. We used a survey-based methodology to collect data from 230 employees of the top 100 high-technology firms in Taiwan and structural equation modelling (SEM) with LISREL 8.54 to examine the hypotheses model. The results indicated that at the individual level, guanxi is positively related to both trust and norms, which are also positively related to knowledge sharing. The mediating effects of trust and norms were also found to be significant. Trust directly influences knowledge sharing, and plays a mediating role between knowledge sharing and guanxi. This suggests that knowledge sharing is likely to occur when trust exists among employees. The results further indicate that norms mediate the relationship between guanxi and knowledge sharing. Guanxi among members influences knowledge sharing; therefore, organizations require a feasible solution using the relational norms mechanism. Previous studies have either emphasized the direct influence of social capital or regarded all variables to be of similar importance for knowledge sharing; however, no clear explanations have been provided explaining its influence on knowledge sharing. We advance understanding of why social capital enhances knowledge sharing among employees and the means by which this occurs.  相似文献   

5.
Logarithmic finite-size scaling of the O(n) universality class at the upper critical dimensionality (dc = 4) has a fundamental role in statistical and condensed-matter physics and important applications in various experimental systems. Here, we address this long-standing problem in the context of the n-vector model (n = 1, 2, 3) on periodic four-dimensional hypercubic lattices. We establish an explicit scaling form for the free-energy density, which simultaneously consists of a scaling term for the Gaussian fixed point and another term with multiplicative logarithmic corrections. In particular, we conjecture that the critical two-point correlation g(r, L), with L the linear size, exhibits a two-length behavior: follows governed by the Gaussian fixed point at shorter distances and enters a plateau at larger distances whose height decays as with a logarithmic correction exponent. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we provide complementary evidence for the predictions through the finite-size scaling of observables, including the two-point correlation, the magnetic fluctuations at zero and nonzero Fourier modes and the Binder cumulant. Our work sheds light on the formulation of logarithmic finite-size scaling and has practical applications in experimental systems.  相似文献   

6.
基于独特性需求和TPB理论视角,构建了在线个性化产品定制意向的研究模型,并通过问卷调查收集数据,采用SPSS和AMOS软件进行了实证分析.研究结果表明:主观规范、行为态度与感知行为控制对个体消费者的在线个性化产品定制意向有显著正向影响;主观规范、感知行为控制和独特性需求通过行为态度对在线个性化产品定制意向产生间接影响;在影响个性化产品定制意向的多个变量中,主观规范的总体影响最为显著.  相似文献   

7.
This paper develops a typology of information cultures by synthesizing empirical and theoretical research in organization science and information science. Four information culture types are proposed. In a Result-oriented culture, the goal of information management is to enable the organization to compete and succeed in its market or sector. In a Rule-following culture, information is managed to control internal operations, and to reinforce rules and policies. In a Relationship-based culture, information is managed to encourage communication, participation, and a sense of identity. In a Risk-taking culture, information is managed to encourage innovation, creativity, and the exploration of new ideas. We expect most organizations to display to varying degrees norms and behaviors from all four types, and that the information culture profile of an organization would be related to its effectiveness. The paper ends by looking at the practical and theoretical value of a systematic examination of information culture and its link to organizational effectiveness.  相似文献   

8.

Introduction

The aim of the study was to present a protocol for laboratory information system (LIS) and hospital information system (HIS) validation at the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine of the Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.

Materials and methods:

Validity of data traceability was checked by entering all test requests for virtual patient into HIS/LIS and printing corresponding barcoded labels that provided laboratory analyzers with the information on requested tests. The original printouts of the test results from laboratory analyzer(s) were compared with the data obtained from LIS and entered into the provided template. Transfer of data from LIS to HIS was examined by requesting all tests in HIS and creating real data in a finding generated in LIS. Data obtained from LIS and HIS were entered into a corresponding template. The main outcome measure was the accuracy of transfer obtained from laboratory analyzers and results transferred from LIS and HIS expressed as percentage (%).

Results:

The accuracy of data transfer from laboratory analyzers to LIS was 99.5% and of that from LIS to HIS 100%.

Conclusion:

We presented our established validation protocol for laboratory information system and demonstrated that a system meets its intended purpose.  相似文献   

9.
企业员工知识共享的理性行为模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
摘要：基于理性行为理论,本研究构建了企业员工知识共享行为的理性行为模型,探讨企业员工知识共享行为的驱动因素体系。对125份有效调查问卷的数据进行结构方程建模,结果证明：①理性行为模型可以有效地解释知识共享行为;②积极的知识共享态度和主观规则显著促进了员工的知识共享行为;③知识共享态度部分中介了主观规则对知识共享行为的作用;④经济报酬、人际关系以及预期收益显著影响了员工知识共享态度;⑤互惠责任感和成就感显著影响了主观规则感知。以上结论为企业系统性调整知识共享激励政策提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

10.
Systematic processing helps individuals identify misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic and serves as an individual-level measure to fight the infodemic. Highly educated people tend to engage in systematic processing more than their less educated counterparts. We follow a major part of the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model to explicate this gap. An online survey (N = 1,568) conducted during the early stage of the pandemic in China showed that current knowledge and perceived information gathering capacity both positively mediated the association between education level and systematic processing. Although informational subjective norms were positively associated with systematic processing, we did not observe a significant difference in these norms between highly and less educated individuals. The results clarify the psychological mechanism underlying the education-based difference in systematic processing of the COVID-19 information and corroborate a relevant part of the RISP model. Moreover, our findings offer practical implications for facilitating individuals with less educational attainment to engage in systematic processing, thereby alleviating the negative impact of exposure to misinformation on them. These insights not only apply to managing the infodemic in China, but also inform the global recovery from the infodemic.  相似文献   

11.
Ultrasound is being investigated as a trigger mechanism to deliver high concentrations of chemotherapy drugs to cancerous tissues using polymeric micelles. In this paper, we examined the kinetics of acoustic release of doxorubicin using stabilized and non-stabilized micelles. Kinetic models were used to regress release and re-encapsulation time constants for three different compounds, namely non-stabilized Pluronic® P105 micelles, P105 micelles stabilized using an interpenetrating network of N,N-diethylacrylamide and micelles formed by PEO-b-poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-lactaten). Results showed that the kinetic release constant (kr) depends on the micellar system under investigation. On the other hand, there is no statistically significant difference between re-encapsulation rate constants for stabilized and unstabilized micelles. We hypothesize that kr depends on the degree of cross-linking or stabilization.  相似文献   

12.
Blood transfusion can be a life-saving therapy for β-thalassemia major and β-thalassemia/HbE (β-TM) patients with chronic anemia, major caused severe iron overload particularly in β-TM patients received only blood transfusion therapy. We aim to evaluate the association of iron overload with oxidative stress, liver damage, and elevated very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in transfusion-dependent β-TM patients. Serum ferritin, malondialdehyde (MDA), liver profiles, triglycerides levels, and VLDL-C were significantly higher while total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity were lower in β-TM than controls. Serum ferritin was significantly correlated with MDA, liver enzymes and lipid profiles (p < 0.05). Multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses of the significant variables showed that in these β-TM patients, independent predictors of iron overload were MDA (β = 0.410, r 2 = 0.671, p < 0.001), ALT (β = 0.493, r 2 = 0.578, p < 0.001), and VLDL-C (β = 0.253, r 2 = 0.711, p < 0.001). In conclusion, iron overload associated with increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, liver damage, decreased TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and over production of VLDL-C, is significantly problem in transfusion-dependent β-TM patients. These appeared the major cause of future morbidity and mortality in β-TM patients.  相似文献   

13.
This report presents the results from a study of mathematical models relating to the usage of information systems. For each of four models, the papers developed during the study provide three types of analyses: reviews of the literature relevant to the model, analytical studies, and tests of the models with data drawn from specific operational situations. (1) The Cobb-Douglas model: x0 = ax1bx2(1?b).This classic production model, normally interpreted as applying to the relationship between production, labor, and capital, is applied to a number of information related contexts. These include specifically the performance of libraries, both public and academic, and the use of information resources by the nation's industry. The results confirm not only the utility of the Cobb-Douglas model in evaluation of the use of information resources, but demonstrate the extent to which those resources currently are being used at significantly less than optimum levels. (2) Mixture of Poissons:
χ0 = ∑i=0ni∑j=0p njemj(mj)′/i!
where x0 is the usage and (nj,mj),j = 0 to p, are the p + 1 components of the distribution. This model of heterogeneity is applied to the usage of library materials and of thesaurus terms. In each case, both the applicability and the analytical value of the model are demonstrated. (3) Inverse effects of distance: x = a e?md if c(d) = rdx = ad?m if c(d) = r log(d).These two models reflect different inverse effects of distance, the choice depending upon the cost of transportation. If the cost,c(d), is linear, the usage is inverse exponential; if logarithmic, the usage is inverse power. The literature that discusses the relationship between usage of facilities and the distance from them is reviewed. The models are tested with data from the usage of the Los Angeles Public Library, both Central Library and branches, based on a survey of 3662 users. (4) Weighted entropy:
S(x1,x2,...,xn)= -∑i=1n r(xiP(xi)log(p(xi)).
This generalization of the “entropy measure of information” is designed to accommodate the effects of “relevancy”, as measured by r(x), upon the performance of information retrieval systems. The relevant literature is reviewed and the application to retrieval systems is considered.  相似文献   

14.
IS research predominantly presumes that the success factors of IT service have one-dimensional influences: the higher (or lower), the better. Sporadic arguments, however, have been made that, depending on the antecedent, such a monolithic premise may not sustainable. Despite the rich evidence of the dichotomous role of success factors on measured consequences in non-IS fields, especially in the marketing discipline, theoretical and empirical efforts to examine this duality have received limited attention in IS research. Especially, no previous IS study took the extended duality position in which the role of success conditions can be any of pure enabler, pure inhibitor, asymmetric bi-directional influencer or symmetric bi-directional influencer . The extended duality becomes the theoretical thesis of this research, setting it apart from the scant IS research that viewed duality through the rather simplified lens of statistical significance in each direction. To test the validity of the extended duality theory in the IT service context, cross-sectional survey data were gathered on post-adoption usage of mobile data services (or MDS), the most prevalent form of IT service. Frequently used success conditions of IT service – system quality, information quality, economic value and self-efficacy – are chosen as the explanatory variables. The analysis suggests that success conditions of IT service can have a highly divergent and diversified form of duality effects on measured outcomes. The findings have important practical and theoretical implications to practitioners and researchers.  相似文献   

15.
An experiment was conducted to see how relevance feedback could be used to build and adjust profiles to improve the performance of filtering systems. Data was collected during the system interaction of 18 graduate students with SIFTER (Smart Information Filtering Technology for Electronic Resources), a filtering system that ranks incoming information based on users' profiles. The data set came from a collection of 6000 records concerning consumer health. In the first phase of the study, three different modes of profile acquisition were compared. The explicit mode allowed users to directly specify the profile; the implicit mode utilized relevance feedback to create and refine the profile; and the combined mode allowed users to initialize the profile and to continuously refine it using relevance feedback. Filtering performance, measured in terms of Normalized Precision, showed that the three approaches were significantly different (α=0.05 and p=0.012). The explicit mode of profile acquisition consistently produced superior results. Exclusive reliance on relevance feedback in the implicit mode resulted in inferior performance. The low performance obtained by the implicit acquisition mode motivated the second phase of the study, which aimed to clarify the role of context in relevance feedback judgments. An inductive content analysis of thinking aloud protocols showed dimensions that were highly situational, establishing the importance context plays in feedback relevance assessments. Results suggest the need for better representation of documents, profiles, and relevance feedback mechanisms that incorporate dimensions identified in this research.  相似文献   

16.
This paper is a continuation of a previous paper published in this JOURNAL. The basic idea in the two papers is to enlarge the assemblage of thermodynamic states by including the so-called “metastable” states. Considering a system, in one or two phases, which has a single type of transformation, the writer develops an equation of state of the form η = a + by + cp + dpv + (e + fv + gp + hpv) In T, where p, v, T are three independent variables, and a, b, c, etc. are constants.The latent heat at p, T = constant is λP,T = I (v2 -v1) [b+db+(f+hp) InT), which is derived from the equation of state.The available thermodynamic data on ammonia and steam are used to check these equations. It is found that within the saturated region the agreement is quite satis factory, whereas for the superheated region the agreement is not so good.  相似文献   

17.
This paper is concerned with the event-based weighted residual generator design via non-parallel distribution compensation (PDC) scheme for fault diagnosis in discrete-time T–S fuzzy systems, under consideration of the imperfect premise matching membership functions. An event-triggered mechanism is firstly introduced to save communication resources, which leads to the premise variables of the system and observer to be asynchronous. Then, a fuzzy diagnostic observer with mismatched premise variables is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states of the system. Moreover, by using non-PDC method, a diagnostic observer-based weighted residual generator is established to improve the fault detection (FD) performance by using the information provided by each local system, in which the membership functions structure of the diagnostic observer and residual generator need not to be the same as the systems, and the L∞/L2 and L∞ FD scheme is used to optimize the FD performance. Finally, two simulation results are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed non-PDC method.  相似文献   

18.
Pervasive digitization and aggregation of personal health information (PHI), along with artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced analytical techniques, hold promise of improved health and healthcare services. These advances also pose significant data governance challenges for ensuring value for individual, organizational, and societal stakeholders as well as individual privacy and autonomy. Through a case study of a controversial public-private partnership between Royal Free Trust, a National Health Service hospital system in the United Kingdom, and Alphabet’s AI venture DeepMind Health, we investigate how forms of data governance were adapted, as PHI data flowed into new use contexts, to address concerns of contextual integrity, which is violated when personal information collected in one use context moves to another use context with different norms of appropriateness.  相似文献   

19.
This work studies the problem of kernel adaptive filtering (KAF) for nonlinear signal processing under non-Gaussian noise environments. A new KAF algorithm, called kernel recursive generalized mixed norm (KRGMN), is derived by minimizing the generalized mixed norm (GMN) cost instead of the well-known mean square error (MSE). A single error norm such as lp error norm can be used as a cost function in KAF to deal with non-Gaussian noises but it may exhibit slow convergence speed and poor misadjustments in some situations. To improve the convergence performance, the GMN cost is formed as a convex mixture of lp and lq norms to increase the convergence rate and substantially reduce the steady-state errors. The proposed KRGMN algorithm can solve efficiently the problems such as nonlinear channel equalization and system identification in non-Gaussian noises. Simulation results confirm the desirable performance of the new algorithm.  相似文献   

20.
The synchronous control of a class of disturbed chaotic Lurie systems is probed in. The conception of Lr-synchronization of drive-respond systems is presented. Via Lyapunov function analysis and comparison principle, Lr synchronous controller of the drive-respond systems under perturbation is given and its robustness is also discussed. Barbalat lemma is further used to derive the adaptively synchronous controller for the unknown disturbance situation and the globally asymptotical synchronization is realized. All designed controllers are verified by the simulations and the given controllers are linear, which are convenient and can produce rapid convergence speed of the error systems.  相似文献   

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