共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
在自然环境中,背景往往对识别环境中的物体起着非常重要的作用。已有研究表明物体与背景的语义一致性会影响对物体和背景的知觉。研究引入物理性质的一致性（旋转角度）这一变量,采用二因素的混合实验设计和直接命名法考察物理性质的一致性和语义一致性对物体和背景知觉的影响。结果发现,语义一致性主效应显著,在物体与背景语义一致性条件下对其进行识别的正确率高于语义不一致性条件下的识别正确率;物理性质一致性主效应也显著,物理性质一致条件下对物体和背景识别的正确率显著高于不一致性条件下的,而且,识别的正确率随着旋转角度的增大而降低;二者之间的交互作用不显著,这意味着物理性质一致性与语义一致性是独立影响真实场景中物体识别和背景识别过程的。 相似文献
2.
语言产生中词汇加工的时间进程研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过视觉呈现图形命名的方式研究汉语语言产生中词汇加工的时问进程，结果发现，实验一中，SOA为57ms时，语义干扰词有明显的抑制效应，而语音干扰词则没有效应；实验二中，SOA为157ms时，语义干扰词没有效应，而语音干扰词出现促进效应，这表明汉语语言产生中词汇加工也存在两个独立的加工阶段。 相似文献
3.
本研究采用3(构词方式：非派生词、前缀派生词、后缀派生词)×2(语义相关性：相关、无关)×2(二语水平：中等水平、低水平)的多因素混合设计,通过在线语义判断任务考察英语派生词缀对于不同水平学习者词汇语义加工的影响。结果显示：1)英语派生词缀对于词汇语义通达有显著的干扰效应,前缀比后缀的干扰效应更显著。表明派生词语义加工过程存在词素分解过程。2)随着语言水平的提高,后缀的干扰效应明显减弱。但即使在中等水平阶段,前缀的影响依然显著。本研究结果对于英语形态复杂词的语义加工和习得研究有一定的启示作用。 相似文献
4.
言语理解是个体加工语言信息的重要过程,该过程离不开注意的参与。本文从词汇加工和句子加工两个方面综述了注意对言语理解的影响及其神经机制。在词汇加工方面,注意分散导致词汇加工的速度变慢,注意对词汇加工的影响受加工任务的调节。在句子加工方面,注意分散阻碍了句子的语义、句法、预测性等加工过程。事件相关电位的相关研究发现,在词汇加工过程中,语义相关词对比语义无关词对引发的N400波幅小;与在完全注意条件下相比,在注意分散条件下的N400效应有所减弱。同样地,句子语义违反产生的N400效应也在注意分散条件(相比完全注意条件)下减弱。未来研究应着重关注和解决如下问题：(1)注意在词汇加工中的作用是否受到词汇属性的影响;(2)注意对词汇的语义信息加工是否受词汇情绪信息的调节;(3)注意分散对言语理解的影响及其作用机制;(4)注意影响言语理解的神经机制。 相似文献
5.
采用词-图匹配任务、操控匹配水平(一致水平、不一致水平)和被试类型(人工耳蜗听障学生、助听器听障学生和健听学生),探讨听障学生学习拟声词过程中是否存在一致性效应。结果表明,在词-图匹配任务中,人工耳蜗听障学生、助听器听障学生和健听学生皆出现一致性效应;人工耳蜗听障学生和助听器听障学生的拟声词学习成绩低于健听学生,但加工过程与健听学生相似;词-图匹配任务适用于听障学生语义加工过程的研究和听障学生拟声词的教学应用。 相似文献
6.
歇后语使用形象表达意义的构成方法为图形语义表述研究提供了数以万计的句例。该文将歇后语作为通向图形语言表述理论研究的一条捷径,从图形语义表述的审视角度出发,力求通过对歇后语展开针对性的研究,从中找出图形语义构成与意义转换规律,并为图形设计实践提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
汉语空间关系复杂句心理表征项目互换效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张金桥 《暨南大学华文学院学报》2004,(4):44-49
采用句子一图画验证任务(sentence-picture verification task)探讨了抽象图形汉语空间关系复杂句的心理表征项目互换效应问题.结果表明,句子项目为抽象图形汉语空间关系复杂句的项目表达顺序为“目标物→参考物(目标物)→参考物“时,心理表征中项目发生互换.本研究结果初步表明,读者理解汉语空间关系复杂句是一个按照“参考物→目标物“固定方向进行的系列认知加工过程. 相似文献
8.
韩鸿友 《读与写:教育教学刊》2007,4(3):37-37,40
二十一世纪以来人类步入视觉读图时代,图形作为一种视觉传达语言,图形艺术,以简洁的方式准确传达出语义性,为图形语言扫除了文字障碍。图形艺术作为一种特殊的沟通方式,有着自己的情绪,情感等直接的视觉特征。今天的图形设计,有着更深刻的语义性、简洁性、创新性、延展性,在大众文化语境中产生巨大的力量,成为视觉狂欢的新宠。 相似文献
9.
丁雪华 《外语教学理论与实践》2019,(2)
本文使用翻译启动范式,以汉-英不平衡双语者为被试,研究在四种不同启动词-目标词关系类型(同源、非同源翻译、仅同音、无关)中是否能够得到跨语言的启动效应,以了解语音是否在双语者的视觉词汇加工过程中起作用。本文包括四个实验。结果表明,只要启动词呈现时间足够长,汉语词汇与英语词汇的加工中语音均能得到激活;另外,在汉语词汇的加工中对语义的激活强于语音,而在英语词汇的加工中则先激活语音再激活语义。 相似文献
10.
11.
采用语义启动任务测查了12名自闭症儿童和控制组儿童汉语词汇语义加工和图片语义加工的状况。结果表明：（1）两组儿童在图片启动和词汇启动两种条件下都产生了语义启动效应;（2）与词汇相比,自闭症组更容易通过图片而通达语义;（3）与控制组相比,自闭症组通过图片而通达语义的优势更加明显。重点结合自闭症儿童超凡的视空能力对其图片语义加工的优势进行了讨论。 相似文献
12.
目的:收集整理一套集情绪信息与性别信息于一体的标准化实验材料,从而更精细地研究情绪信息、性别信息(语义信息)加工及二者的交互作用。方法:通过方便取样选取40名研究生,对从网络收集和由Facegen modller 3.5软件制作并统一处理后的401张情绪和性别信息均明确以及二者信息均模糊的面孔图片,在男、女、积极、消极、吸引注意的程度、唤醒程度六个信息特征上用七点量表进行评分;对97个具有情绪意义或性别意义的共四类单字分别在积极、消极、男、女意义特征上用七点量表进行评分。结果:该材料库中最后有255张面孔图片的情绪信息和性别信息的强强特征无差异(p0.05),弱弱特征无差异(p0.05),强弱特征差异显著(p0.05);在笔画数和字频平衡后,男、女、积极、消极意义共四类92个字的强特征值和弱特征值与4进行的单样本t检验结果为,强特征t(91)=83.127,p0.001,弱特征t(91)=-96.124,p0.001。结论:严格量化匹配了情绪信息和性别(语义)信息的面孔图片,充实了可用于表情加工、性别认知、面孔识别等研究领域的图片库,其研制思路对于情绪与认知的关系研究亦会有所启示。 相似文献
13.
The present study examined the effects of anticipated achievement feedback on students' semantic processing on the neural level, using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Participants (N = 79) anticipated either self-referential or normative achievement feedback regarding an announced upcoming test. Additionally, their performance expectations (low vs. no expectations) were orthogonally manipulated. Subsequently, students' on-line semantic processing was assessed by measuring the N400 cloze effect, a component in the EEG signal of which the amplitude is associated with semantic processing. Within the low performance-expectation condition, no effect of anticipated feedback on semantic processing was found. Within the no-performance-expectation condition, participants anticipating self-referential feedback showed a more widely distributed N400 cloze effect than participants anticipating normative feedback. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the mere expectation of a particular type of feedback can affect students' semantic processes. 相似文献
14.
数字图像处理是一门多学科的综合学科,它汇聚了光学、电子学、数学、摄影技术和计算机技术等众多学科方面.它通过对原始图像的加工,使之能具备更好的视觉效果或能满足某些应用的特定要求.数字图像的基本参数对于数字图像效果是很重要的决定因素. 相似文献
15.
本实验采用眼动方法,运用语义判断任务,探讨图-词干扰范式中干扰词的语义类型和频率在语义一致性判断中的作用。选取总注视时间、凝视点个数,以及区域时间百分比三个眼动指标,研究发现：（1）图-词干扰范式中存在干扰项的频率效应,与低频干扰词相比,高频干扰词使得被试判断的错误率更高,这源于高频干扰词影响被试对干扰词与目标图二者之间语义特征的联想;（2）存在干扰项的语义类型效应,与语义一致的干扰词相比,语义不一致干扰词的注视时间更长,这主要由于两类干扰词的激活速度不同;（3）干扰项的频率和语义类型共同影响了图-词干扰范式中的语义效应;（4）在探讨图-词干扰范式中不可忽略位于图片中央的干扰项的特征。 相似文献
16.
The present study investigated the relationships between lexical access, reading fluency, and comprehension. Two components of speed of lexical access were studied: phonological and semantic. Previous studies have mainly investigated these components of lexical access separately. The present study examined both components in naming tasks—with isolated letters (phonological) and pictures (semantic). Seventy-five Grade 5 students were administered measures of letter and picture naming speed, word and nonword reading fluency, and reading comprehension, together with control measures of vocabulary. The results showed that letter naming was a unique predictor of word reading fluency, whereas picture naming was not. Conversely, picture naming speed contributed unique variance to reading comprehension, whereas letter naming did not. The results indicate that phonological and semantic lexical access speed are separable components that are important for different reading subskills. 相似文献
17.
Steven R Yussen Joel R Levin Thomas M DeRose Elizabeth S Ghatala 《Contemporary educational psychology》1976,1(2):170-179
Children's incidental recall of pictures was examined in two related experiments. Extrapolating from adult research, it was predicted that categorizing pictures with respect to their semantic properties would yield greater recall than categorizing them according to their physical properties. In Experiment 1, second-grade children were exposed to 16 line drawings cross-classified to represent four taxonomic categories and four shape categories, with four instances per category. Control subjects simply looked at pictures. Semantic subjects identified each picture's semantic category, and Physical subjects identified each physical category. In Experiment 2, first graders freely sorted the pictures and were classified as Semantic or Physical sorters based on their predominant bases for sorting. Following exposure (Experiment 1) or sorting (Experiment 2), all subjects were asked to recall the picture names. Results of both experiments show that semantic classification yields greater recall than physical classification. Experiment 2 also shows that semantic sorting yields greater semantic clustering in recall and that sorting by physical category yields greater physical clustering. It was suggested that children's preferences for a mode of processing (Experiment 2) may constitute an individual difference dimension with fairly clear-cut instructional implications. 相似文献
18.
采用典型启动效应的实验范式，语义和语音两种不同加工水平的试验任务，通过3个实验探讨了中英双语第二语言的语义通达机制。被试为第二军医大学的学生38名。结果发现：在基于语义的范畴判断任务中，当启动刺激（英）和目标刺激（英）之间存在语义联想关系，得到了显著的启动效应（实验一）；当启动刺激（中）和目标刺激（英）之间存在语义联想关系，即与实验一对等的跨语言语义启动试验，也得到了显著的跨语言启动效应，而且实验一和实验二的启动值之间没有显著的差异（实验二）；当启动刺激（中）的翻译对等词和目标刺激（英）之间存在语音相同或相近关系时，采用基于语音的词汇判断任务，也得到了显著的跨语言启动效应。这一结果表明，对于中国大学生程度的中英双语者来说，他们第二语言的词汇表征既直接通达语义概念表征，又可以借助第一语言的词汇表征为中介再通达语义概念表征，与Kroll等提出的模型一致。 相似文献
19.
Working memory is considered a well-established predictor of individual variation in reading comprehension in children and adults. However, how storage and processing capacities of working memory in both the phonological and semantic domain relate to reading comprehension is still unclear. In the current study, we investigated the contribution of phonological and semantic storage, and phonological and semantic processing to reading comprehension in 123 Dutch children in fifth grade. We conducted regression and mediation analyses to find out to what extent variation in reading comprehension could be explained by storage and processing capacities in both the phonological and the semantic domain, while controlling for children’s decoding and vocabulary. The analyses included tasks that reflect storage only, and working memory tasks that assess processing in addition to storage. Regression analysis including only storage tasks as predictor measures, revealed semantic storage to be a better predictor of reading comprehension than phonological storage. Adding phonological and semantic working memory tasks as additional predictors to the model showed that semantic working memory explained individual variation in reading comprehension over and above all other memory measures. Additional mediation analysis made it clear that semantic storage contributed indirectly to reading comprehension via semantic working memory, indicating that semantic storage tapped by working memory, in addition to processing capacities, explains individual variation in reading comprehension. It can thus be concluded that semantic storage plays a more important role in children’s reading comprehension than previously thought. 相似文献
20.
Object-naming deficits in children with reading problems may be due to deficiencies in either the phonological stage of processing
or the semantic stage. The present study approached this issue by manipulating the type of cue given (semantic or phonetic)
when object drawings were not named correctly by first-grade children. Although the children who were poor readers named significantly
fewer objects than the good readers, both groups of children benefited from phonetic cues. In contrast, semantic cues had
relatively little effect. These results support the view that difficulty on object naming is more likely related to phonological
deficiencies. 相似文献