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1.
Contextual differences in student motivation and self-regulated learning in mathematics,English, and social studies classrooms 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Recent research on self-regulated learning has stressed the importance of both motivational and cognitive components of classroom learning. Much of this research has examined these components without consideration of potential contextual differences. Using a within-subject correlational design, the present study assessed mean level differences in students' task value, self-efficacy, test anxiety, cognitive strategy use, regulatory strategy use, and classroom academic performance by gender and across the subject areas of mathematics, social studies, and English. In addition, the relations among the motivational, strategy use, and performance measures were assessed using multivariate regressions. The participants were 545 seventh and eighth grade students (51% females) who responded to a self-report questionnaire. Results revealed mean level differences by subject area and gender in the motivation and cognitive strategy use variables, but not in regulatory strategy use or academic performance. In contrast, results indicated that the relations among these constructs was very similar across the three subject areas examined. Findings are discussed in terms of their importance for understanding the contextual nature of students' self-regulated learning. 相似文献
2.
Olga Liverta-Sempio Antonella Marchetti 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1997,12(1):3-21
This paper suggests both theoretical and empirical reasons for proposing a joint approach to two fast-evolving research areas in developmental psychology: contextual perspective on cognition and learning and studies on children’s theories of mind. We will first review the general assumptions of contextualism and three main contextual approaches; then the more relevant perspectives on theories of mind development will be presented. The two research fields here considered are conceptually organized around two meanings of the concept of other: the “other in interaction” and the “other as culture”, on the basis of which the integration between the two fields will be justified. Finally some directions for future research will be discussed. 相似文献
3.
Liz Jackson 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2019,51(7):693-701
AbstractConference environments enable diverse roles for academics. However, conferences are hardly entered into by participants as equals. Academics enter into and experience professional environments differently according to culture, gender, race, ethnicity, class, and more. This paper considers from a philosophical perspective entering and initiating culturally into academic conferences as a woman. It discusses theories of gender and emotional labor and emotional management, focusing on Arlie Hochschild’s foundational work, and affect in gendered social relations, considering Sara Ahmed’s theorization of the feminist killjoy and the affect alien. It applies these lenses to explore problematic experiences of women initiates at conferences. The paper proceeds with a theoretical discussion of gender, emotional labor, and affect. Then the paper discusses women academics’ experiences generally and at conferences, including educational research conferences, with reference to relevant higher education research as well as anecdotal evidence, relating these experiences to the theories. It thus aims to tie together theoretical insights, higher education scholarship, and ordinary real-life experiences of gendered social relations in conference activities. 相似文献
4.
Bernice Y. L. Wong 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2003,18(2):68-76
In this article, I discuss several general and specific issues that pertain to the risk and resilience framework. I propose that these issues deserve consideration by researchers using or interested in using the risk and resilience framework to guide their research in the social domain of learning disabilities. General issues discussed include: (1) integrating current research findings with those from prior longitudinal research by Emmy Werner and her associates, and from research in the 1980s and 1990s on problems in social perception and communication in children with learning disabilities; (2) measurement problems; and (3) the need for more differentiation in research regarding gender and the severity of learning disabilities. The specific issues discussed include: the need to continue to search for potential risk and protective factors; the need to research mediating processes or mechanisms that render a factor a risk or a protection; and the nature of intervention research. 相似文献
5.
关于数学学习心理研究的几个问题 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
数学学习心理研究要处理好一般学习理论与数学学习心理研究之间的关系 ;要在学习、引进、借鉴西方先进学习理论的同时 ,主动将我国有特色的数学学习心理研究成果推向国际 ,并在理论框架与研究方式上实现与国际的“可公度性”;应充分关注建构主义对数学学习研究所产生的特殊影响 ;为促使数学学习心理研究走向成熟 ,仍需采取多学科的视角 ,并更加重视对数学学习真实具体的心理活动的探索 相似文献
6.
Development and Use of the Approaches to Teaching Inventory 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper describes how research into approaches to university teaching, from a relational perspective, has been used to develop an inventory to measure the key aspects of the variation in approaches to teaching. The Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI) is one of several that derive from the research perspective applied by Marton and colleagues in Europe (Marton, F., Hounsell, D., and Entwistle, N. (eds.) (1997). The Experience of Learning, 2nd edn., Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh) to student learning. A feature of these inventories is that they measure the response of a group to a particular context, rather than more general characteristics of individuals in that group. Studies using these inventories have consistently shown relations between students' approaches to learning and the quality of their learning outcome. The question of interest to many university teachers is whether there are relations between the way teachers approach their teaching and ways their students approach their learning. This question was answered in a study published in 1999 that used the ATI to show that teacher-focused approaches to teaching were associated with students' reproducing orientations. Subsequent research revealed that in subjects where teachers adopted more student-focused approaches to teaching, their students adopted a deeper approach to learning. Some recent research using the inventory is reviewed along with an analysis of the validity of the ATI. The current version of the inventory is reproduced in this paper. 相似文献
7.
Helen Crompton Diane Burke Kristen H. Gregory Catharina Gräbe 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2016,25(2):149-160
The use of mobile learning in education is growing at an exponential rate. To best understand how mobile learning is being used, it is crucial to gain a collective understanding of the research that has taken place. This systematic review reveals the trends in mobile learning in science with a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of studies from the year 2000 onward. Major findings include that most of the studies focused on designing systems for mobile learning, followed by a combination of evaluating the effects of mobile learning and investigating the affective domain during mobile learning. The majority of the studies were conducted in the area of life sciences in informal, elementary (5–11 years) settings. Mobile devices were used in this strand of science easily within informal environments with real-world connections. A variety of research methods were employed, providing a rich research perspective. As the use of mobile learning continues to grow, further research regarding the use of mobile technologies in all areas and levels of science learning will help science educators to expand their ability to embrace these technologies. 相似文献
8.
József Fiser 《Learning & behavior》2009,37(2):141-153
Traditionally, perceptual learning in humans and classical conditioning in animals have been considered as two very different
research areas, with separate problems, paradigms, and explanations. However, a number of themes common to these fields of
research emerge when they are approached from the more general concept of representational learning. To demonstrate this,
I present results of several learning experiments with human adults and infants, exploring how internal representations of
complex unknown visual patterns might emerge in the brain. I provide evidence that this learning cannot be captured fully
by any simple pairwise associative learning scheme, but rather by a probabilistic inference process called Bayesian model averaging, in which the brain is assumed to formulate the most likely chunking/grouping of its previous experience into independent
representational units. Such a generative model attempts to represent the entire world of stimuli with optimal ability to
generalize to likely scenes in the future. I review the evidence showing that a similar philosophy and generative scheme of
representation has successfully described a wide range of experimental data in the domain of classical conditioning in animals.
These convergent findings suggest that statistical theories of representational learning might help to link human perceptual
learning and animal classical conditioning results into a coherent framework. 相似文献
9.
Unlike most studies on gender and learning, which use general theoretical frameworks (and instruments) on student learning, this article investigates the Epistemological Reflection Model which has been developed from a gender perspective. This cognitive development model includes four hierarchically ordered ways of knowing, and two patterns of reasoning within each of these ways of knowing. The patterns of reasoning are assumed to be gender-related and can be described, in general terms, by using the concepts of connectedness and autonomy/separation. To extend the model's validity, the authors investigated this model by making use of interviews in one study and questionnaires in another. In the interview study, the patterns of reasoning turn out to be gender-related, especially with the patterns supposedly more often used by men. In the questionnaire study, on the other hand, the patterns of reasoning do not turn out to be gender-related. In the discussion section, these results are interpreted and the model is discussed in detail. 相似文献
10.
自组织理论及其教育研究应用前景探析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
自组织理论包括新三论(耗散结构理论、协同学、突变论)和超循环理论、分形理论、混沌理论,是系统科学发展的第二阶段研究成果。在教育技术领域内,教学设计的产生直接得益于系统科学研究的第一阶段成果——"老三论",遂将其置于四大理论基础中的首位。近几年,后现代课程研究中已经率先引入了自组织理论分析研究教育教学理论与实践,教育技术领域引介与应用这一重要的科学研究思想方法也势在必行。当前引入与借鉴的落脚点,主要表现在自组织理论为数字化学习理论——关联主义(Connectivism),以及教学过程中的协同学习、协作学习提供核心理论支撑,并对整个教育技术的研究方法具有重要指导意义方面。如果在一个更开阔的研究视野下看待自组织理论与教育技术研究的结合,发现人脑(或认知结构)中知识的自组织演化问题也很有研究价值。 相似文献
11.
《International Journal of Educational Research》1997,27(4):283-292
In two studies, one on secondary mathematics education, the other on secondary physics education, data were collected on students' cognitive achievement and characteristics of students and their learning environment. In this chapter the findings of the two studies are brought together in secondary analyses. The purpose is to explore whether relations between cognitive achievement and characteristics of students and their learning environment can be interpreted from a resource perspective. Although the results only partially support the theoretical model, planning of further research from a resource perspective may be fruitful. 相似文献
12.
Blaye Agnès Light Paul Rubtsov Vitaly 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1992,7(4):257-267
In drawing an ‘outline sketch’ of the field of research on interactional learning situations with computers, this paper attempts to provide a general framework for the contributions which follow. After a brief overview of the theoretical grounding of studies in the field, we examine the extent to which learner-computer interaction and learner-learner interaction can interfere with or support one another.
The need for a change of theoretical perspective on the role of social interaction in learning is highlighted. It is argued that viewing collaborative learning in terms of joint negotiation of a common problem space might help in defining the optimal characteristics of educational software.
Finally, the critical role of social dimensions such as social comparisons between partners is pointed out. In conclusion, the need for more local theories, taking particular account of the learning domain, is stressed.
相似文献13.
Onur Güntürkün Charlotte Koenen Fabrizio Iovine Alexis Garland Roland Pusch 《Learning & behavior》2018,46(3):229-241
We are surrounded by an endless variation of objects. The ability to categorize these objects represents a core cognitive competence of humans and possibly all vertebrates. Research on category learning in nonhuman animals started with the seminal studies of Richard Herrnstein on the category “human” in pigeons. Since then, we have learned that pigeons are able to categorize a large number of stimulus sets, ranging from Cubist paintings to English orthography. Strangely, this prolific field has largely neglected to also study the avian neurobiology of categorization. Here, we present a hypothesis that combines experimental results and theories from categorization research in pigeons with neurobiological insights on visual processing and dopamine-mediated learning in primates. We conclude that in both fields, similar conclusions on the mechanisms of perceptual categorization have been drawn, despite very little cross-reference or communication between these two areas to date. We hypothesize that perceptual categorization is a two-component process in which stimulus features are first rapidly extracted in a feed-forward process, thereby enabling a fast subdivision along multiple category borders. In primates this seems to happen in the inferotemporal cortex, while pigeons may primarily use a cluster of associative visual forebrain areas. The second process rests on dopaminergic error-prediction learning that enables prefrontal areas to connect top down the relevant visual category dimension to the appropriate action dimension. 相似文献
14.
This article draws on work undertaken as part of the Economic and Social Research Council's Learning Society Programme. The project from which data are drawn, entitled 'The Meaning of the Learning Society for Adults with Learning Difficulties', focused on lifelong learning opportunities available to people with learning difficulties and experiences of these services. The article begins by examining theories of late modernity, their use by feminist and disability studies theorists and their relationship to ideas of a learning society. Subsequently, using case study material, it is argued that the identities of people with learning difficulties are not chosen freely from a range of options but are socially ascribed. The status of learning difficulties is used as a dominant category to justify deprivation of basic political and economic rights. In addition, the lives of people with learning difficulties are structured by gender and class, and these intersect with the category of learning difficulties. For both women and men, the advantages of middle-class social and economic capital are overridden by the negative category of learning difficulties. In relation to gender, men with learning difficulties are more likely to receive post-school training, but in inappropriate areas of the labour market. Their domestic needs are also likely to be attended to by others, but in the absence of employment, they find themselves without any valued social role. Women with learning difficulties are also likely to be excluded from the labour market, but are more likely to be involved in reciprocal, albeit limited, social relationships. It is concluded that postmodernist theories are inadequate to describe the structuring of the lives of people with learning difficulties. 相似文献
15.
Nelly P. Stromquist 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2015,13(1):109-134
This article explores the expansion of feminist ideas as both a conceptual and a political issue. It focuses on two major theories of social change, world culture theory (WCT) and world system analysis (WSA), comparing and contrasting how they frame gender as a factor shaping society, how they account for the diffusion of feminist ideas and how they assess the impact of gender norms on sociocultural outcomes. Through the examination of texts and research based on these theories, this article weighs the ability of the theories to meaningfully and justly recognise the place of gender politics within the dynamics of social change. Both WCT and WSA predict isomorphism in the way gender is framed in modern society, but their explanatory accounts traverse drastically different paths. One asserts a conflict-free diffusion of values, whereas the other, decidedly based on conflict, sees gender as emerging from resistance or anti-systemic movements. The article concludes with an assessment of the contribution and missing aspects of each theoretical perspective. 相似文献
16.
王亚同 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,45(1):117-122
语义记忆网络是由大量的概念特征构成的。概念特征分为差异特征和共同特征,差异特征比共同特征更容易激活。概念特征之间的关系有外显的因果关系和内隐的相关关系,概念的特征关系和特征相关都影响抽象概念的信息加工过程。语义记忆模型主要有层次网络理论、扩散激活网络、感觉功能理论、概念结构理论、具体范围假设和吸引者联想模型。当前研究的主要目标就是细化这些理论模型,就是将结构成分与加工成分结合起来说明行为数据。这些研究结果有助于揭示我国大学生学习英语的心理机制。 相似文献
17.
《教育心理学家》2013,48(4):189-193
Framed by a situation-specific and domain-specific orientation, this reaction explores two areas not directly or extensively addressed in Winne's (1995) detailing of self-regulated learning. The first focuses on the characterization of the construct of self-regulation. Specifically, it is argued that a delineation of self-regulation should consider its socially situated and subject-specific manifestations, as well as those that are solitary and domain independent. The second area of exploration deals with self-regulation from the standpoint of domain learning, in which subject-matter knowledge and individual interest of the learner become potent variables. In this regard, the nature of self-regulation in a context in which knowledge or interest is limited is contrasted with a situation in which knowledge and interest are high. Based on these accounts of self-regulation, implications for research and practice are forwarded. 相似文献
18.
Gender violence in schools in the developing world 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper explores gender violence in schools in what is commonly known as the ‘developing world’ through a review of recent research written in English. Violence in the school setting has only recently emerged as a widespread and serious phenomenon in these countries, with the consequence that our knowledge and understanding of it is embryonic; much of it remains invisible or unrecognized. Informed by research from elsewhere, we use theories of gender/sexual relations to provide a more coherent understanding of the issues, to point to absences and open up spaces for further research with the potential to contribute to strategies through which it might be addressed. We start by clarifying the purposes and the broad position adopted in writing this paper. Then, we trace the conceptual connections between gender/sexual relations and gender violence in schools, acknowledging the importance of locating understanding of the phenomena within the context of the school’s culture, its structures and processes. We organize the review using two overlapping categories: implicit gender violence, which relates to the everyday institutional structures and practices, and explicit gender violence, which relates to more overtly sexualized encounters. Both categories cover gender violence perpetrated by students on other students, by teachers on students, and by students on teachers. In the final section, the theoretical connections (and distinctions) generated by the research allow for a critical overview of the strategies that have been used to address the problem to date. 相似文献
19.
Theodor Leiber 《Quality in Higher Education》2019,25(1):76-97
In contemporary knowledge societies, performance indicators are an indispensable element of sustainable quality management and enhancement through monitoring and evaluating quality performance of higher education institutions. It is argued that learning and teaching quality in higher education should be approached in a holistic way, namely across the four subdomains of learning and teaching environment, teaching processes, learning processes and learning outcomes and their assessment. performance indicators related to these areas must align with a synoptic understanding of learning and teaching comprising behavioural, information processing, cognitive, social (constructivism) and humanistic theories of learning. Selected issues from a comprehensive set of about 280 performance indicators for learning and teaching are presented and contextualised. The indicators set resulted and emerged from critical reflection of research literature and explorative surveys of various informed and engaged stakeholders, from 14 public European universities, and a general theory of learning and teaching. 相似文献
20.
传统译论话语存在着很多的性别歧视,女性和译者处于极其低下的地位。女性主义研究者从性别问题出发,对女性和译者进行了双重的解放,使译者的地位得以彰显,然而女性主义译论在某些方面过于混乱和偏激。因而本文认为,“双性同体”概念在一定程度上可以理顺作者与译者、男性和女性之间的关系。 相似文献