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1.
As students with handicapping conditions have been integrated into public schools, the role of the school counselor has been expanded to meet these students' needs. As a result, counselor training programs need to be adjusted to include theory and practice in working with exceptional children. In this article the authors discuss the issue of students with handicapping conditions in public schools and provide suggestions for training school counselors. 相似文献
2.
Conclusions Play is an important part of the life of the young child, both at home and in school. In designing a play environment for
handicapped children who are attending a preschool along with their nonhandicapped peers, the teacher needs to be aware of
the needs and limitations resulting from the child's particular disability. This knowledge can be put to use in making the
environment as productive as possible and providing play opportunities that are fun, educational, and practical for each child.
While it is important that we consider the particular handicapping condition, teachers should never lose sight of the fact
that a handicapped child is first and foremost a child, whose basic needs are not too different from those of all children.
These basic needs should be the primary concern of the teacher who is interested in guiding the child toward productive educational
experiences and helping that child become an integral part of the school group. 相似文献
3.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(3):141-143
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether examiners' personal familiarity and professional experience with examinees affects handicapped children's test performance. Subjects were 22 handicapped preschoolers. Examiners were either experienced (N = 11) or inexperienced (N =11) with this group of children and with testing. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of the two examiner groups. Within examiner groups, children again were assigned randomly to two examiners, one to serve as a personally familiar tester and the other to function as a personally unfamiliar tester. Each examiner tested children in both personally familiar and unfamiliar conditions in a repeated measures crossover design. Results indicated that subjects performed more strongly when tested by personally familiar examiners regardless of testers' experience. Additional analyses suggested that (a) there was no difference between experienced and inexperienced testers' cognitive complexity or attitude toward the handicapped; and (b) both examiner groups described the handicapped relatively simplistically and negatively. This may partially explain the finding that professional experience was a poor proxy for personal familiarity. Implications for current testing practice are discussed. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of the study was to substantiate the premise that second-level screening of preschool children failing the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) is an effective, personnel- and cost-efficient procedure for identifying preschool handicapped children. The sample included 280 subjects, age three to five, enrolled in a Head Start program in Southern Illinois. The DDST was administered to these subjects by staff members of the Head Start Center. Children who failed the DDST received a second-level screening to determine whether a full-scale psychological evaluation was in order. Results demonstrate that the second-level screening procedure is an effective method for ferreting out children in need of full-scale psychological evaluation to determine area(s) of handicapping condition and generation of appropriate services. 相似文献
5.
Graham F. Moore Rebecca E. Anthony Jemma Hawkins Jordan Van Godwin Simon Murphy Gillian Hewitt G. J. Melendez-Torres 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(5):1111-1130
Young people's wellbeing is often lowest where they assume a relatively low position within their school's socioeconomic hierarchy, for example, among poorer children attending more affluent schools. Transition to secondary school is a period during which young people typically enter an environment which is more socioeconomically diverse than their primary school. Young people joining a school with a higher socioeconomic status intake relative to their primary school may assume a relatively lowered position within their school’s socioeconomic hierarchy, experiencing a detriment to their wellbeing as a consequence. This article draws on data from 45,055 pupils in Years 7 and 8, from 193 secondary schools in Wales, who completed the 2017 Student Health Research Network (SHRN) Student Health and Wellbeing (SHW) survey. Pupils reported which primary school they previously attended, and survey data on wellbeing were linked to publicly available data on the free school meal entitlement of schools attended. In cross-classified linear mixed-effects models, with primary and secondary school as levels, mental wellbeing varied significantly according to both primary and secondary school attended. A higher school-level deprivation was associated with worse mental wellbeing in both cases. Mental wellbeing was significantly predicted by the relative affluence of a child's primary and secondary school, with movement to a secondary school of higher overall socioeconomic status associated with lowered wellbeing. These findings highlight transition to secondary school as a key point in which socioeconomic inequality in wellbeing may widen, and thus as an important focal point for intervention to reduce health inequalities. 相似文献
6.
7.
The records of 137 students for whom complete data files were available were examined in order to determine the extent to which pre-assessment data (teacher referral information and standardized reading test scores) could successfully be used to predict the handicapping classifications decided on by child-study teams. We were specifically interested in the predictive power of pre-assessment information above and beyond that provided by handicapped children's race and gender. Results of our analyses indicated that pre-assessment data can successfully predict the handicapped classifications of the majority of special education students, as well as differentiate students who are found eligible for special education from those found to be ineligible. 相似文献
8.
Research Findings: This research examines preschoolers' use of mental state terms in naturally occurring peer conflicts in the classroom to determine how children use mental state terms for organizing their social interactions. Analyses focus on the types, frequencies, and social interactive functions of mental state terms. Utterances (N = 166) with mental state terms from 124 conflict episodes were analyzed. Children used a number of different mental state terms, want and need being the most frequently used, to index their own and their interlocutors' desires for subtle interactive purposes. Want was paired most often with bids for action, objects, inclusion in a play area, or clarification of another child's mental state. Need was most often used when directing the other child's action or attention, to justify, clarify, or insist on their own action or previous request. Practice or Policy: Findings suggest that children's peer conflicts constitute a rich setting for the active construction of social relationships through the use of utterances with mental state language. This emphasis on peer interactions has the potential to inform new ways of supporting children's self–other development as a foundation for academic success. 相似文献
9.
Kathleen D. Paget 《Psychology in the schools》1982,19(4):439-445
The aim of this study was to analyze the WISC-R profiles of 42 conduct problem children attending public school classes for the emotionally handicapped. This analysis was done to generate hypotheses concerning the children's intellectual strengths and weaknesses, using a variety of subtest groupings to interpret ability patterns. No attempt was made to differentiate between various categories of emotional disturbance, between disturbed and normal children, nor between different kinds of handicapping conditions. The statistical procedures consisted of Analysis of Variance Repeated Measures for comparisons across three or more subtest groupings, and t-tests for dependent samples when only two subtest groupings were being compared. In general, the findings revealed relative strengths in perceptual organization skills, and weaknesses in skills that involve sequencing, memory, and attention. Specific verbal and nonverbal patterns emerged and are discussed, along with implications for practice and directions of future research. 相似文献
10.
《教育心理学家》2013,48(2):77-81
Lev Vygotsky's contribution to defectology became a significant part of his overall theoretical legacy. Within his general theory of child development, he created a comprehensive and practically oriented paradigm of educating children with special needs. This article discusses the following topics' relevance to contemporary special education and school/educational psychology: Vygotsky's views on the nature of handicapping conditions in children, the principles of psychoeducational evaluation of the disabled, and the issue of the compensation and education of children with sensory and cognitive impairments. 相似文献
11.
Yola Center James Ward 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1986,33(3):207-213
Mildly handicapped cerebral palsied (CP) children integrated into regular schools were measured on locus of control scales to test the hypothesis that physically disabled children with possible academic difficulties display a more external locus of control than their unimpaired peers. The contribution of this construct to their academic and social performance was also examined. As local norms for these scales were not available, mean grade values were obtained for all children in classes in which a handicapped child had been integrated in order to study the psychometric properties of the scales and the construct's cross‐cultural implications. Results indicated that the instrument did not differentiate between mildly handicapped CP children integrated into regular schools and their non‐disabled peers nor was it a significant correlate of academic or social performance for the target group. Although the possibility exists of real cross‐cultural difference between American and Australian school children, the doubtful reliability and validity of the measure for the population sampled do not support its widespread use as a research instrument with Australian school children. 相似文献
12.
Barry Carpenter 《British Journal of Special Education》2011,38(1):37-43
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the most common non‐genetic cause of learning disability, affecting around 1% of live births in Europe, and costing an estimated $2.9 million per individual across their lifespan. In adulthood, non‐reversible brain damage is often compounded by secondary disabilities in adulthood, such as mental health problems and drug addiction. The challenge for today's educators is: ‘How do we teach children with FASD?’ Their unusual style of learning and their extreme challenging behaviour is out of the experience of many teachers. This article, written by Professor Barry Carpenter, OBE, National Director of the Specialist Schools & Academies Trust Complex Learning Difficulties and Disabilities Research Project, considers the status of FASD in the UK, and provides an overview of the author's recent research into effective educational strategies within the framework of Every Child Matters. Only government‐led approaches can lead to improvements in the quality of teaching and learning for children with FASD and their future life chances. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of educational and psychological consultation》2013,23(4):343-356
This article describes a 5-year project in which, over 200 parents of handicapped children were trained, as 'Friends of Special Education.' The project represented a partnership .among central office and local school district administrators and a technical assistance team. Major objectives of the project were to increase effective interaction of parents with school personnel, to help parents understand the teaming process, and to increase parent involvement in their children's school program. The training model was designed to have a multiplier effect with parents who completed training prepared to be active in their respective local school and to serve as resources to. other parents. The project's impact is described along with recommendations for parent training. 相似文献
14.
Ninety-nine children in grades one through three in a rural Maine school were administered the Early School Personality Questionnaire (ESPQ). The teachers of these children were asked to list the children in their classroom who, in their judgement, demonstrated emotionally handicapping conditions which interfered with achievement and/or adjustment. The teachers had been involved, prior to the nomination task, in an in-service training session on the characteristics of emotionally disturbed children suggested by Bower (1961). “T” tests were used to compare the differences in the ESPQ factors between children selected as emotionally handicapped by their teachers, and those not selected. Differences were found on three factors: B (Dull vs. Bright), H (Shy vs. Venturesome) and O (Placid vs. Apprehensive). Implications of this study were for in-service education of teachers and future research on screening processes. 相似文献
15.
Abstract Until April 1987 mentally handicapped children were legally excluded from education in Northern Ireland. Provision was made instead in special care schools administered by social services authorities. This contrasts with the position in the rest of the UK where all children have been educated in schools administered by education authorities since the early 1970s. A survey was conducted to investigate aspects of provision in special care schools. Comparative samples of special schools for children with mental handicap in England, and special schools for other categories of children with special needs in Northern Ireland were also surveyed. Results show that the special care school pupils were disadvantaged often seriously, compared with the other samples. Staffing ratios were inferior in most respects of provision. Other resources were often criticized by head teachers as inadequate. The special care school transport system was also shown to be seriously deficient, causing the length of the school day to be reduced for a very large proportion of pupils. The inadequacies identified impinged particularly on severely and profoundly handicapped pupils, despite earlier Government arguments that the interests of this group could be damaged in a transfer to education. Nearly one fifth of the special care school population were aged 19 and over, and nearly one third of the profoundly handicapped pupils were 19 or over. In many cases adults and children shared the same facilities. These results are compared and contrasted with Government documents which claimed parity of provision in special care schools and special schools in England, and which adopted a stated policy of normalization in the development of services for the mentally handicapped. 相似文献
16.
This article investigates very young children's use of a stylus‐driven, electronic painting and drawing on the tablet PC. The authors compare their development in the use of this device with their use of other mark‐making media, including those which derive from pencil and paper technologies and also with mouse‐driven electronic paintbox programs. After experience of using of electronic paint, two of the children were introduced to simple programming software. The authors wanted to find out how the introduction of electronic, digital, interactive devices impact upon children's development in semiotic understanding. 相似文献
17.
Malka Margalit Yael Mairance 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1983,30(1):87-91
The effectiveness of resource programs is of critical importance for the mainstreaming of handicapped children. Efficacy studies have demonstrated the value of such programs in increasing academic achievement. The Israeli resource room (therapeutic class) defines the teacher's role as providing varied support services, promoting both mental health and academic achievement. The aim of the present study was to specify significant variables in the efficacy of the Israeli therapeutic class. Children improved in academic and behavioral areas; age, sex or causes of referral were not significantly associated with levels of improvement. The effect of the program on hyperactive children was limited. Levels of cooperation with the regular teacher, however, did differentiate significantly between improvement levels, endorsing the role of the regular teacher as an agent of change and promoter of goodwill for handicapped children attending regular classes. 相似文献
18.
《Early education and development》2013,24(3):184-192
This article is directed to two issues: the extent to which children in early intervention programs are experiencing repetition in their curriculum from one year to the next (as manifested by reiteration of Individual Educational Program [IEP] objectives), and whether repetition results, at least in part, from establishing initial objectives that are too difficult for the children. The authors reviewed objectives from two sequential IEPs on 36 children from 15 programs in 10 states across the country, Although the data were too "messy" for a complete classification of objectives, careful inspection revealed a great deal of repetition and near-repetition in consecutive IEPs that were separated, on the average, by approximately one year. By matching objectives, where possible, to the expected age of mastery as indicated on a standardized instrument, and to the child's functional age, the authors found a clear tendency for children's objectives to be beyond their developmental level. It is concluded that although slow children will of course learn slowly, the data of this study, confirmed by research in child development, suggest that some of the reiteration in early intervention may be the result of excessive demands rather than the "need for repetition" intrinsic to those with mental retardation. 相似文献
19.
Robert Burden David Thomas 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1986,33(2):140-145
In rejecting the familiar position that parents of handicapped children are dominated by negative emotions, this paper explores the necessity to include in any explanation of family dynamics the quality of professional support in mitigating the consequences of handicap. It also emphasizes other elements in constructing a satisfactory theory namely: parents’ reactions to transitions in the handicapped child's life; their individual differences in resisting stress; the extent and nature of the child's disability; and community attitudes to that particular disability. 相似文献
20.
This article examines the determinants of children's schooling during the 1990s in rural areas of Vietnam. It focuses on the impact of family attributes on the likelihood of children remaining in school or leaving during the primary and secondary school years. Using data from the Vietnam Living Standard Survey (VLSS) of 1992–93 and 1997–98, the authors apply the survival analysis technique to follow a group of 3301 children aged between 6 and 13 over a 5-year period. In addition to the characteristics of the children and their families, they consider community attributes as larger contextual variables that also affect children's school leaving. Overall, they found very significant socioeconomic differentiations between families with respect to schooling, which puts economically disadvantaged children at risk for having their schooling interrupted at a young age. The results also indicate that for girls, compared with boys, the likelihood of staying in school is more responsive to household and community characteristics. 相似文献