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1.
当前高校性教育的几点思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李宁 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》1999,21(4):83-84
近年来,我国HIV／AIDS呈加速流行趋势,性病发病率逐年上升,洁身自爱,拒绝性乱是阻HIV／AIDS和性病蔓延的有效措施。然而,调查资料表明,受威胁最大的青年人群中的大学生对婚前性行为持宽容态度日益增多,婚前性行为呈上升倾向。为此,必须加强高校性教育,大力倡导中华民族优秀的传统道德观,传授科学健康的性知识,促进大学生们为维护自身生殖健康,培养明的性态度、性观念和负责任的性行为,有效地遏制HIV／AIDS、性病的传播,让青年学生身心健身地成长。 相似文献
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了解高校HIV／AIDS健康教育的意义,掌握具体的教学方法,加强在大学生人群中开展HIV／AIDS知识的宣传,发挥大学生在HIV／AIDS防治工作中的作用,对控制AIDS的流行具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
4.
目的：通过对某市2002~2008年艾滋病（AIDS）流行病学特点分析,为制定AIDS防制策略提供依据。方法：对某市2002~2008年艾滋病网络直报信息系统、哨点监测、专题调查资料进行分析。结果：2002~2008年某市发现HIV/AIDS 102例,其中艾滋病（AIDS）58例,死亡32例;以25~39岁年龄段为主,男女比例2.5：1;艾滋病疫情呈快速上升趋势,地区之间分布不均匀,有明显的聚集性;司法监管场所输入病例较多;性传播途径占绝对势优势,阳性配偶/性伴检出阳性率较高,还未出现母婴传播病例;感染者死亡率偏高。结论：对暗娼应加大监测力度,对外出务工人员应提高艾滋病知识的覆盖率,对传染源应控制其无序流动。 相似文献
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青少年的性教育已成为全社会所关注和讨论的热点话题。由于这个问题不仅关系到青少年身心健康成长,也关系到每个家庭乃至整个社会的发展和国家的未来。当前,低龄化性行为的发生率呈增长趋势,艾滋病在我国离青少年也并不遥远。学校对在校初中生适时适度适量地进行科学的性健康教育已刻不容缓。一、性病与艾滋病威胁着青少年自1985年我国发现首例艾滋病患者以来,目前正处于高速发展期。2000年全年有30个省报告检出HIV/AIDS共5210例(AIDS计233例),报告者中20—29岁年龄组感染人数占51.9%。艾滋病病毒除了血液传播以外,其次为性传播,而且比… 相似文献
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通过分析HIV/AIDS的传染机制和特点,建立了具有说服率的HIV/AIDS模型,通过对模型进行分析,得到了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的稳定性. 相似文献
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大学生毕业人数逐年上升,城镇新增劳动力和农村富余劳动力过剩,大学生就业面临巨大的压力,由于就业心里不成熟,职业规划刚起步,面对全球经济危机,我们要鼓励学生先就业,开拓就业市场,做好09年的学生就业工作. 相似文献
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目的：掌握祥云县HIV／AIDS流行趋势,为制订防控措施提供依据。方法：利用描述流行病学方法分析祥云县2004年至2011年报告的祥云籍HIV／AIDS疫情资料。结果：2004年至2011年祥云县共报告祥云籍HIV／AIDS389例,年平均报告率10．6。1／10万,死亡58例;其发病率的分布特征为：2004年至2007年呈快速增长趋势,2008年至2010年趋于平缓;县城高于坝区,坝区高于山区;男性（14．62／10万,年均）大于女性（6．89／10万,年均）,两者差异有统计学意义（X％36．82,P〈0．05）,在男性和女性中的比例为2．27：1;以20~40~为主,占79．69％;以农民（293例）为主,占82-4％;以初中以下学历为主,占97．13％;以非婚性接触和静脉吸毒为主,分别占病例总数的45．76％、38．56％。结论：祥云县艾滋病疫情经过实施全球基金艾滋病控制项目后,疫情已得到初步遏制。由于HIV／AIDS疫情的复杂性,感染途径的多样性,必须加强对艾滋病防治知识宣传,提高全民预防艾滋病的意识;重点应对农民、待业青年开展宣传和教育,加强对流动人口的管理;进一步完善咨询检测网络,提高艾滋病的发现,以有效控制艾滋病的蔓延。 相似文献
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艾滋病医学全称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Acguired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 简称AIDS)艾滋病是AIDS的音译,习惯称“艾滋病”。该病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human Im-munodeficiency Virus简称HIV)通过血液和体液传播的传染病。本病发病70年代末,现世界HIV/AIDS广泛流行,HIV主要侵犯人的免疫系统,从而造成病人多种机会性感染和恶性肿瘤,最终死亡,AIDS潜伏期长(5—10年)发病及病程缓慢,整个病程都具有传染性,HIV/AIDS尚无特效疗法,目前只有可能延长病人生 相似文献
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在全球抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情的过程中,合理的疫情传播预测对于疫情防控有重要参考意义。为了对病毒传播进行合理预测,针对传统疫情传播预测模型存在的不足,提出一种组合式神经网络的疫情传播预测模型,并将其应用于湖北省1月29日-3月15日每日新增确诊人数预测及湖北省每日累计确诊人数预测。预测结果分析显示,该神经网络预测模型预测结果可靠有效。模型性能分析结果表明,组合式神经网络预测模型平均相对误差（MRE）不超过0.16,均方误差（MSE）不超过0.1,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.262 9,性能明显优于其它几种神经网络预测模型。基于武汉市与广东省疫情传播预测的实证结果显示模型具有较好的适用性及准确性。 相似文献
11.
HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk-behaviors among African-American and Caribbean college women 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kisha Braithwaite Veronica G. Thomas 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2001,23(2):115-129
The HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and sexualrisk-taking behaviors of a sample ofAfrican-American and Caribbean college wereinvestigated. The study also explored therelationship between the women's self-esteem,self-efficacy, sexual communication, andreligiosity and their HIV knowledge, attitudes,and risk behaviors. Findings revealed thatwhile both groups of women were fairlyknowledgeable about HIV/AIDS transmission andprevention, their sexual risk-taking behaviorswere still relatively high. TheAfrican-American women were more knowledgeableabout HIV/AIDS than were the Caribbean women. Also, the African-American women engaged insignificantly fewer sexual risk-takingbehaviors than their Caribbean femalecounterparts. No significant cultural groupdifferences emerged on attitudes towardHIV/AIDS as a disease, HIV infected persons,and AIDS-related issues. A number ofsignificant correlations were found. The studyconcludes that HIV/AIDS counseling andprevention approaches that are ethnic,cultural, and gender appropriate are vital forincreasing both cognitive and behavioralchanges in culturally diverse young women. 相似文献
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Larry D. Icard John B. Jemmott III Anne Teitelman Ann O’Leary G. Anita Heeren 《Child abuse & neglect》2014
HIV/AIDS prevalence in South Africa is one of the highest in the world with heterosexual, transmission predominantly promoting the epidemic. The goal of this study is to examine whether, marijuana use and problem drinking mediate the relationship between histories of childhood sexual, abuse (CSA) and HIV risk behaviors among heterosexual men. Participants were 1181 Black men aged, 18–45 from randomly selected neighborhoods in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Audio computer assisted, self-interviewing was used to assess self-reported childhood sexual abuse, problem drinking, and marijuana (dagga) use, and HIV sexual transmission behavior with steady and casual partners. Data were analyzed using multiple meditational modeling. There was more support for problem, drinking than marijuana use as a mediator. Findings suggest that problem drinking and marijuana use, mediate HIV sexual risk behaviors in men with histories of CSA. Focusing on men with histories of CSA, and their use of marijuana and alcohol may be particularly useful for designing strategies to reduce, HIV sexual transmission in South Africa. 相似文献
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La Fleur F. Small 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(1):26-45
Despite being one of the fastest growing segments of the HIV/AIDS caseload, persons age 50 and older have been largely neglected in terms of HIV/AIDS education. This study describes a project involving HIV-related health education for persons ≥50 in an urban area of Ohio. Data from 50 persons age ≥50 were collected. Pre-and postsurveys were used in the completion of repeated measures ANOVA, and focus groups provided qualitative data. Despite a paucity of available educational materials addressing HIV/AIDS, older adults are willing to participate in sessions about HIV/AIDS. Findings suggest the need for alternative approaches to providing HIV/AIDS education. 相似文献
14.
Adebowale Akande 《Educational studies》2001,27(3):237-256
Behavior change is the only available means of curtailing new HIV infections in South Africa. This study investigated the relationship between sexual risk taking and attitudes to AIDS precautions. The participants were about 25% white, about 30% colored/mixed blood and 45% black in their second year in polytechnics (413 females and 402 males). Participants responded to the 40-item HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Data indicated that young women showed more positive attitudes to AIDS precautions than young men (reflecting in part the stereotypic negative attitudes of young men toward condoms). In general, most males and females were found to have less knowledge about HIV transmission and less favorable attitudes toward safe sex behavior than their counterparts in the west. Also young men with more partners expressed more fatalistic attitudes toward AIDS. The possibility that a finergrained multivariate analysis of attitudes to AIDS and safe-sex behaviour is something that needs to be taken seriously in future research, however. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: In 2002, Georgia had the United States' eighth highest number of persons living with AIDS. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission as a result of sexual abuse is uncommon but definitely occurs. In certain circumstances of sexual abuse, antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (ARV-PEP) has been suggested as a means to decrease the risk of HIV infection. Our objective was to assess the utilization of ARV-PEP in patients being evaluated for sexual abuse at a pediatric emergency department in a city with high HIV prevalence. METHODS: A retrospective survey of the characteristics of sexual abuse victims was conducted using information abstracted from sexual abuse report forms of minors examined in 2002 at an inner-city Atlanta children's hospital. RESULTS: Of 227 victims, aged 9 months to 18 years, most were Black, inner-city residents; 190 (84%) patients were female. Only 87 of 227 (38.3%) were seen within 72 h of the abuse, the time frame for offering ARV-PEP. Twenty-three of the 87 had anogenital trauma or bleeding. Five (5.7%), were provided ARV-PEP, whereas 60 (69%) received antibiotic prophylaxis for non-HIV diseases. Those assaulted by strangers were greater than 10 times more likely to be provided ARV-PEP than others (p=.02). Assailants of the 82 victims who did not receive ARV-PEP included 22 strangers and 60 "acquaintances" of unknown serostatus. CONCLUSIONS: For a high HIV prevalence area, the proportion of sexual abuse victims prescribed ARV-PEP was small in relation to those at risk of HIV sexual exposure. Clinicians should be provided guidance on interpretation of community HIV and sexual abuse victim data to assess the appropriateness of ARV-PEP. 相似文献
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L.A. Gray R.P. Devadas O. Vijayalakshmi G. Kamalanathan 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1999,21(3):207-219
The purpose of the study was to determine the attitudes of Hindu students from a government women's college of South India toward people with AIDS, to assess their beliefs about HIV/AIDS, to determine their knowledge level about HIV/AIDS and to determine how they gain information about HIV/AIDS. The sample consisted of four hundred female students at a government funded Women's University in Southern India who participated in an AIDS survey research project. Participants completed a survey asking about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS. Results indicated that a majority of the participants learned about HIV/AIDS from reading material while some learned about HIV/AIDS from school classes, and only a few learned from family members. Thirty-nine percent had never communicated to any one about HIV/AIDS. The results indicated that the majority of Indian women in this study did not know about explicit sexual behaviors which transmit the virus. The study also showed that those Indian women university students, by and large, are accepting of people with AIDS but still have fears of getting HIV/AIDS. This data suggest a need to increase educational efforts at the university. It was suggested that counselors take responsibility for helping this population of Indian women become self advocates, particularly in a society which permits men to have multiple sexual relationships. Educators and counselors working with this population must initiate programs that impart accurate and specific knowledge to these female college students and begin to address the multiple psychosocial issues related to HIV/AIDS. 相似文献
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Brad Rothrock 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(2):241-244
The second decade of AIDS demands a response of new and creative efforts for HIV/AIDS prevention education and ministering to persons affected by and living with HIV/AIDS. Jewish and Christian theological and faith‐based arguments are presented to support the call to educate for prevention and the call to minister. The need to network and collaborate with public health for more effective programs is also outlined. 相似文献
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目的：通过分析宜春市近3年来实验室艾滋病检测结果,了解掌握艾滋病流行趋势与特征,为今后艾滋病防治工作提供科学依据。方法：对2008-2010年宜春市不同人群361771份血清标本HIV抗体检测进行统计分析。结果：361771份血清标本中检出HIV抗体阳性150例,阳性率为0．04％。结论：宜春市艾滋病仍处于低流行水平,经性传播是主要传播途径,农民和20-40岁外出务工人员占阳性率的50％以上。 相似文献
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Structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques were used to compare 5 methods of assessing HIV/AIDS sexual risk in a large prediction model. These were: (a) multiple measures; (b) a single latent factor; (c) modifying the computation of the dependent variables used in Methods 1 and 2 to weight sexual encounters by specific partner risk; (d) use of risk composites, obtained by multiplying number of sexual partners by number of occasions of unprotected sex; and (e) use of risk indexes that assign a number based on responses to general questions about risk behaviors. Data from 452 at‐risk women from a New England community were analyzed in 5 versions of an HIV/AIDS sexual risk prediction model. Models were compared in terms of SEM empirical fit indexes (x2 [df], average absolute standardized residuals, and Comparative Fit Index); significant paths, explained variance, theoretical fit, and simplicity. Results indicate that: (a) multiple measures and latent factor models are preferable to all others by each of the standards of comparison, (b) in the composite dependent variable models, including information about the partners' number of partners provided little additional explained variance beyond knowing the number of occasions of unprotected sex, and (c) dependent measures that did not remain close to Centers for Disease Control criteria may not be adequately predicting HIV/AIDS sexual risk. Several recommendations are presented for selecting an appropriate conceptualization of HIV/AIDS sexual risk. 相似文献
20.
Faith Hill 《Research in Science Education》1995,25(2):231-238
This paper focuses on the provision of HIV/AIDS education for 16–19 year olds in colleges of further education and offers
both qualitative and quantitative insights into the English approach to HIV/AIDS education for this age group. It outlines
the findings from two pieces of research conducted in England by the Health Education Authority 16–19 HIV/AIDS Project. 相似文献