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1.
Sunil Chandy M. N. Sadananda Adiga Girija Ramaswamy C. Ramachandra Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):258-261
Folate and cobalamin (Vitamin B12) are two essential micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, which affects heart disease, neural tube defects and
cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, the key enzyme involved in one carbon metabolism produces methyl tetrahydrofolate
from methylene tetrahydrofolate, which in turn donates methyl group to homocysteine to generate methionine. There exist two
common low function polymorphic variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene involving nucleotides 677 C→T and
1298 A→C, which are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. These polymorphisms are also linked with increased risk for certain
cancers such as breast cancer and at the same time providing a protective effect on colorectal cancer. In this case control
study, we have evaluated levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in patients with colorectal cancer. Folate and homocysteine levels did not differ significantly between
the two groups; however an increasing trend was noticed with increase in homocysteine levels. Vitamin B12 levels were increased in cases compared to control group. 相似文献
2.
S. Vasisht R. Gulati R. Narang N. Srivastava L. M. Srivastava S. C. Manchanda D. P. Agarwal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2002,17(1):99-107
An elevated level of plasma homocysteine, sulfur containing amino acid generated through demethylation of methionine has been
widely accepted as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increase can result from genetic and/or nutrient related
disturbances in the remethylation or transsulfuration pathways for homocysteine metabolism. A common mutation (C677T) in the
gene encoding for the enzyme 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) or deficiency of the B vitamins namely folic
acid, B12, B6 can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia.
In the present study, we have investigated the incidence of the (C677T) MTHFR polymorphism in the North Indian males. 141
angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 55 age and sex matched healthy volunteers were examined
for the association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and CAD. The MTHFR genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) followed by restriction-isotyping with Hinf 1 endonuclease. A trend for higher ‘T’ allele frequency (0.19) was observed
in patients than in controls (0.16). However no significant association was found between C677T mutation and CAD severity.
The lack of statistical significance could be due to the small sample size studied. Hence a larger study including various
ethnic groups is warranted. 相似文献
3.
M. N. Sadananda Adiga Sunil Chandy Girija Ramaswamy L. Appaji B. S. Aruna Kumari Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):257-261
Remethylation of homocysteine to methionine is dependent on an adequate supply of one or more of the B vitamins like folate,
vitamin B12 and vitamin B6. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is also influenced by genetic factors such as polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate
reductase (MTHFR) gene. MTHFR is a flavo enzyme and a key player in folate metabolism and changes in its activity could modify
the susceptibility to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In this case — control study we have examined the effect of riboflavin
status as measured by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC) on homocysteine levels along with vitamin
B12 and folate in pediatric ALL. Folate and B12 levels were significantly lower among cases as compared to controls while EGRAC and tHcy did not differ significantly among
the groups. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that in the ALL group EGRAC significantly influences tHcy levels
suggesting that riboflavin availability may be a predictor of tHcy levels in patients with ALL. This finding may have implications
for tHcy lowering therapy. 相似文献
4.
S. K. Sen P. Pukazhvanthen Rebecca Abraham 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):255-257
Elevated plasma Homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for age related (senile) cataract. Certain nutritional deficiencies,
in particular Folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 relate inversely with Homocysteine level. This study was undertaken to evaluate the plasma level of Vitamin B12, Folate, and Homocysteine of cataract patients and to study the interplay between them. Serum Homocysteine level is significantly
increased in cataract patients when compared with control (p< 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the level of Folate
as compared with control (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between Homocysteine vs. Vitamin B12 (p<0.01) and Folate (p<0.01) in the Cataract patients. Our findings suggest that increased plasma Homocysteine level is associated
with decreased plasma levels of Folate and VitaminB12 in Cataract patients, which might have a possible role in the root cause of cataract pathogenesis. 相似文献
5.
Medha Rajappa Binita Goswami A. Balasubramanian Baidarbhi Chakraborty S. Kumar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(3):281-285
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a global epidemic currently. This study was planned to evaluate markers of inflammation and hemostasis and their possible association, if any, in patients with CAD. The study was carried out in 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 age and gender matched controls. The following parameters were assayed in all study subjects-inflammatory-interleukin (IL)-10, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, fibrinogen; hemostatic-fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and a novel risk factor—homocysteine. Inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-10), fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the patients with AMI, as compared with controls. A positive correlation was observed between D-dimer and the inflammatory markers—hs-CRP and TNF-α. Upon multivariate analysis, TNF-α emerged as the best determinant of CAD in our study. Our results indicate that there is a possible interplay of inflammation and hemostasis in CAD, underlining their synergistic role in the pathogenesis of CAD. 相似文献
6.
T. Angeline Rita Mary Aruna K. Ramadevi G. Mohan Nirmala Jeyaraj 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(1):18-20
Myocardial infarction is a major consequence of coronary artery disease. Apart from the traditional risk factors of myocardial
infarction, recently many reports have suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia plays important role in myocardial infarction.
Plasma homocysteine level was determined in 60 myocardial infarction patients and in 35 age matched healthy individuals. Statistically
significant differences (p<0.01) were observed in the mean of plasma homocysteine concentrations between the acute myocardial
infarction patients (24.59±6.14 mM/L) and in normal healthy individuals (13.73 ±3.54 mM/L). The level of homocysteine in myocardial
infarction patients is significantly high (p <0.01) among myocardial infarction patients when compared to that of the controls.
The the present study indicates a strong association between plasma homocysteine and acute myocardial infarction among Tamilians,
thus implying plasma homocysteine as a possible risk factor for myocardial infarction. 相似文献
7.
Seema Bhargava R. Parakh L. M. Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):76-78
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein forming amino-acid, whose metabolism is at the intersection of two metabolic pathways:
remethylation and transsulfuration which are dependent on the vitamins folic acid, B12 and B6, and the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cystathionine-β-synthetase. A deficiency of any of these vitamins
or enzymes results in hyperhomocysteinemia. This causes oxidative and other damage to blood vessels, thus affecting various
organ systems of the body. As part of our ongoing research on cardiovascular risk factors, we have studied the Hcy levels
in the plasma of normal controls and those suffering from vascular diseases. It was observed that Hcy is significantly higher
in patients of vascular diseases (21.59±1.28 μmol/L, mean±SEM), as compared to normal controls (11.33±0.18 μmol/L). This significance,
was more pronounced in cases of venous thrombosis (26.77±2.43 μmol/L) as opposed to cases of arterial block (17.27±0.84 μmol/L).
This signifies that Hcy estimation would be beneficial in obtaining a differential diagnosis in addition to being a modifiable
vascular risk factor. 相似文献
8.
There is ample evidence that vitamin status of an individual can have a profound influence on the resistance of Cancer. Pyridoxine
is one of the water soluble vitamins playing an important role in various metabolic reactions. Aspartate aminotransferase
and Alanine aminotransferase are pyridoxal phosphate requiring enzymes and their activities in erythrocytes have been used
to assess the state of vitamin B6 nutrition in man.
We report here the erythrocyte transaminase levels in controls and patients with early and advanced cancer of breast. Thein vitro study of vitamin B6 shows a marked difference in the per cent stimulation in patients as compared to the controls on addition of pyridoxal phosphate.
The difference indicates a subclinical deficiency of vitamin B6. The possibility exists that the rapid progression of the disease could be due to lack of host resistance caused by the deficiency
of vitamin B6. The possibility of an effective treatment response after enhancing the vitamin B6 status is being looked into. 相似文献
9.
Anuradha Bharosay Vivek V. Bharosay Debapriya Bandyopadhyay Ajoy Sodani Meena Varma Haren Baruah 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(3):372-376
Stroke is the third major cause of death worldwide. Elevated plasma concentration of low density lipoproteins and low plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein concentration are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease but the relation between serum lipids, and cerebrovascular disease is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of serum lipid profile in assessing the prognosis/neurological worsening in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular stroke. The subjects in the present study comprised of 101 healthy controls and 150 cerebrovascular stroke patients (including 90 with ischemic stroke and 60 with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke). In both the groups fasting lipid profile was determined within 72 h of the stroke. A statistically significant association was observed (p < 0.001) between the parameters of lipid profile of cases and healthy controls, and also with the prognosis of the stroke. 相似文献
10.
K. S. Motghare Anil Bhutey B. B. Murrhar Madhur Gupta A. W. Meshram Y. Balsubramanium 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2001,16(2):213-215
With the growing interest in the concept of free radicals in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, it was thought worthwhile
to study the changes in lipid peroxides and antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in ischemic heart disease (IHD).
The study was carried out on 76 patients of IHD-38 of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 38 of stable ischemic heart disease
(SIDH). They were age and sex matched with 38 normal healthy controls. A significant increase (p<0.001) in lipid peroxides
as malondialdehyde (MDA) (5.9±0.7 mmol/L) and a decrease in GPx (24.6±2.2 U/gmHb) was found in patients of AMI when compared
with controls. There was no significant difference in these values in SIHD. Thus this study confirms the earlier findings
that MDA and GPx are useful parameters in IHD and their magnitude is dependent on severity and/or duration of ischemia. We
suggest that these tests would be of use in smaller institutions with limited facilities. 相似文献
11.
Arvind Kumar Poornima Tewari Sibasis S. Sahoo Arvind Kumar Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):10-17
A total of 172 first degree relatives (FDRs) and 178 controls were included in this study. All the cases and controls were
subjected to various anthropometric measurements, fasting and postprandial glucose estimation, fasting insulin measurement
and fasting lipid profile. Results revealed the prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) (cases 37% Vs controls 11.6%),
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) (cases 34.3% Vs controls 11.2%) and diabetes (cases 11.05% controls 3.37%) was significantly
higher in first degree relatives. Insulin resistance was measured using various methods, which included fasting plasma insulin
(FPI), Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMAIR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (Mffm/l). Prevalence of insulin resistance (Insulin Resistance) as observed comparing FPI
and HOMAIR in cases and controls was 43.6% and 11.24% (P=0.005) and 37.8% and 12.47% (P=0.000) respectively. Prevalence of IR (Insulin
Resistance) observed in cases having Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance
(IGT) and diabetes mellitus measuring FPI Vs HOMAIR was 37.5% vs 30.2%, 45% vs 40%, 38.98% vs 37.28% and 36.84% vs 31.57% as accordingly. However, ISI (Mffm/l) was not found
to be a promising index for IR due to its poor specificity. Though HOMA is taken as gold standard for measurement of IR globally,
our study observed fasting plasma insulin representing high sensitivity (89.7%) and specificity (93.3%) as compared to HOMA.
Thus FPI had emerged in this work as a simple and reliable test for diagnosing insulin resistance across the population susceptible
to develop diabetes including FDRs. 相似文献
12.
Tester F. Ashavaid Farah F. Eghlim Kavita K. Shalia Kappiareth G. Nair 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(2):106-110
Determination of plasma total homocysteine by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) usually requires reduction of protein
bound or free homocysteine-disulphides into thiols by a reducing agent and the liberated thiols are then derivatized by a
fluorescent marker. In this study we have standardized the HPLC method for homocysteine measurement using dithiothreitol (DTT)
as reductant.
The results of plasma total homocysteine values obtained by HPLC were compared with IMx method. The difference between the
two means was statistically insignificant [P=0.616847 (two tail)] Linear regression analysis showed strong correlation between
the two methods (r=0.983). Using this method we have analyzed 132 controls and 130 Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) patients for
plasma total homocysteine, wherein, the mean plasma total homocysteine levels were 10.51±8.36 and 11.51±10.06 μmol/L respectively.
Our research study suggests that DTT method is a simple and inexpensive assay for homocysteine determination in human plasma
for research application. 相似文献
13.
14.
V. K. Gupta V. Mallika Yashika Gupta D. K. Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1992,7(1):3-10
Oxygen derived free radicals have been implicated in a number of clinical disorders including atherosclerosis (1), ischemic
heart disease (IHD) (2), post ischemic reperfusion injury (3) and respiratory distress syndrome (4). These radical are generated
by sequential reduction of molecular oxygen; the primary product being superoxide anion (O2
.−) which is subsequently reduced to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxy1 radical (OH.) and singlet oxygen (1O2). However the evidence for ODFR induced cell damage in various clinical disorders is still debated and rests largely on free
radical scavenging studies, through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic (EPRS) studies have provided direct evidence
for ODFR generation following coronary artery ligation (5).
By definition, a free radical is an atom, ion or molecule with one or more unpaired electrons (the presence of unpaired electron
in a free radical being represented by a superscribed bold dot-R.) and may be formed as a result of homolytic fission of a covalent bond or by electron transfer reactions, and may have cationic
(NH3
+), anionic (O2
.−) or neutral (NO) characteristics. The most important in vivo source for these radical species have been found to be univalent
biochemical redox reactions involving oxygen. (a) A:B→A.+B. (b) A:+B→A.+B. 相似文献
15.
Kalpana Luthra Suman Vasisht Shivani Chhabra K. R. Raju D. P. Agarwal S. C. Manchanda L. M. Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(1):12-19
Lipoprotein Lp(a) excess has been identified as a powerful predictor of premature atherosclerotic vascular diseases. To evaluate
this in a North-Indian population, 130 CAD patients and 130 controls were analyzed. The size of the apo(a) phenotypic isoforms
was inversely proportional to Lp(a) concentrations. The mean concentration of Lp(a) in the CAD patients was 42±34 mg/dl whereas
in the normal subjects it was much lower, 27±27 mg/dl. 157 subjects out of the total 260 subjects showed plasma levels of
>20mg/dl. The frequency of high Lp(a) levels was much higher in patients(73%) than controls (43%). These data suggest (1)
that there is heterogeneity of the Lp(a) polymorphism, (2) Higher Lp(a) levels were found in patients than in the controls,
(3) Patients showed 1.5 fold increase in Lp(a) levels as compared to the controls. We conclude that low molecular weight apo(a)
isoforms are significantly associated with increased risk of CAD in the North-Indian population. 相似文献
16.
Sharmila Upadhya Subramanya Upadhya S. Krishna Mohan K. Vanajakshamma Mamatha Kunder Seema Mathias 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):80-83
Erythrocyte antioxidant glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in erythrocytes and plasma glutathione S-transferase levels
were estimated in patients with colorectal cancer and compared to controls. Further, the patients underwent four weeks of
radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy. The same parameters were estimated after four weeks of radiotherapy and compared
with pretreatment levels. It was observed that there was a decrease in erythrocyte glutathione and malondialdehyde levels
in patients with colorectal cancer compared to controls, but not in case of GST. However, after chemoradiotherapy, there were
no statistically significant differences in all the parameters studied. 相似文献
17.
Priya Gururajan Prema Gurumurthy Pradeep Nayar Sai Babu A. Sarasabharati Dolice Victor K. M. Cherian 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):229-233
CD40-CD40L interaction plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The clinical
predictive value of Soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L) was evaluated in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and Non-Cardiac
Chest Pain (NCCP). The levels of serum soluble CD 40 ligand were measured by ELISA in 485 patients admitted to emergency care
unit, of which 89 patients were diagnosed as NCCP. The levels of sCD40L were significantly increased in patients with ACS
when compared to controls and NCCP. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis showed sCD40L to be a good discriminator
between patients with ischemic heart disease and patients without ischemic heart disease. The area under the curve was found
to be 0.940 with 95% CI (0.915 to 0.960) (P<0.0001). The cut off value from the ROC curve was 2.99 ng/ml, above which sCD40L
was considered to be positive. Combined assessment of sCD40L, Troponin I and CK-MB enhanced the risk prediction and early
classification of patients. sCD40L seems to be a promising biomarker for identification and risk stratification for patients
with acute coronary syndrome. 相似文献
18.
Shilpa Reddy Ganasyam Talluri Bhaskar Rao Y. S. R. Murthy Akka Jyothy Madireddy Sujatha 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(1):69-73
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis.
Estrogen plays an important role in type 2 DM pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor
(ESR1), including the XbaI and PvuII restriction enzyme polymorphisms of ESR1,which may be involved in disease pathogenesis. Metallothioneins (MT) act as potent
antioxidants against various oxidative damages. Very few studies have indicated the association between Estrogen Receptor-α,
MT1 gene polymorphisms with type2 DM. A total of 100 type 2 diabetic women and 100 age, sex matched controls were recruited.
Using the PCR based RFLP method, the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of ESR1 and in MT1A (rs8052394 and rs11076161) gene polymorphisms were analysed. The genotype distribution and frequency of mutated allele showed no significant differences
between diabetic and non-diabetic groups in PvuII (χ2 = 2.443; P = 0.1181) or XbaI (χ2 = 1.789; P = 0.1812) and rs8052394 (χ2 = 1.154; P = 0.2840) or rs11076161 (χ2 = 0.4141; P = 0.5199), polymorphisms. This is the first Indian study to conclude that ESR1 and MT1 gene polymorphisms are not associated
with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Indian women. 相似文献
19.
We report a case of a diabetic, heterozygote with near normal hematology, marginally low level of hemoglobin A2(HbA2) having an increased level of hemoglobin F(HbF) that was pancellularly distributed among the red cells. BioRad DiaSTAT measurements
gave a high glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) of 31.5% and the BioRad Variant analyzer recorded an HbA1c value which was very
low, in discordance with the detected blood glucose levels. Flow cytometry and polymerization chain reaction (PCR) based studies
were carried out which revealed the case to be that of the common hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH)-3, an
Asian Indian mutation. Fructosamine estimation and HbA1c by Boronate affinity chromatography were able to resolve the discordant
value detected and was able to confirm the diabetes status. The case would have been a diagnostic dilemma, if reported without
correlation. 相似文献
20.
Vijetha Shenoy Veena Mehendale Krishnananda Prabhu Ranjan Shetty Pragna Rao 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(3):339-344
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common cause of mortality in the entire world. Homocysteine is implicated as an early atherosclerotic promoter. We studied the relationship between levels of serum homocysteine with severity of coronary artery disease. Total of 70 subjects who scheduled for coronary angiogram consented to participate in this study. In all the patients Gensini scoring system was used to assess the severity of CAD. Venous samples were taken from the patients in fasting state before angiography. Homocysteine levels in patients were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant method and were compared with respective Genseni scores of participants. Fasting serum homocysteine levels in CAD patients were significantly higher than patients without coronary artery disease (p < 0.001). Also Homocyseine levels correlated significantly with increasing severity of CAD (p < 0.001). Serum homocysteine levels correlated well with the severity of CAD. 相似文献