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1.
Kwok-Chi Lau 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(6):1061-1088
The OECD “Programme for International Student Assessment” or (PISA) is one of the largest-scale international efforts that
have been launched to assess students’ scientific literacy. Such an international assessment would likely exert a profound
impact on the science education policies of the participating countries/regions, including Hong Kong. This paper sets out
to examine critically how scientific literacy has been assessed by PISA through analyzing its assessment frameworks and released
sample items. It was found that the PISA 2000 and 2003 assessments of science have used a narrower definition of scientific
literacy, as compared to that of PISA 2006 and what scientific literacy was construed for science education. However, even
PISA 2006 appears to be more valid in its assessment framework, its validity was also called into question when the sample
items for the trial study were examined. Knowledge about science was found largely about the processes of science, rather than the nature of science as described in the assessment framework. Besides, it intertwined with knowledge of science in a hidden manner. The application of knowledge of science in novel, real-life situations was also jeopardized because of the issue of curricular relevance. Besides these major problems,
the article has discussed the problems with the concept of scientifically investigable questions and identifying research question of an investigation. Overall, the findings raised concern over what the PISA’s measure of scientific literacy actually means. 相似文献
2.
Kathleen Veronica Smith Amanda Berry Cathy Dimitrakopoulos 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(1):127-152
The science education literature demonstrates that scientific literacy is generally valued and acknowledged among educators as a desirable student learning outcome. However, what scientific literacy really means in terms of classroom practice and student learning is debatable due to the inherent complexity of the term and varying expectations of what it means for learning outcomes. To date the teacher voice has been noticeably absent from this debate even though the very nature of teacher expertise lies at the heart of the processes which shape students' scientific literacy. The research reported in this paper taps into the expertise of (participating) primary teachers by analyzing the insights and thinking that emerged as they attempted to unravel some of the pedagogical complexities associated with constructing an understanding of scientific literacy in their own classrooms. The research examines the processes and structures within one primary school that were created to provide conditions to allow teachers to explore and build on the range of ideas that presently inform the scientific literacy debate. The research reports these teachers' views and practices that shaped their actions in teaching for scientific literacy. 相似文献
3.
Pey-Yan Liou 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(2):162-181
Background: In Bangladesh, a common science curriculum caters for all students at the junior secondary level. Since this curriculum is for all students, its aims are both to build a strong foundation in science while still providing students with the opportunities to use science in everyday life – an aim consistent with the notion of scientific literacy.Purpose: This paper reports Bangladeshi science teachers’ perspectives and practices in regard to the promotion of scientific literacy.Sample: Six science teachers representing a range of geographical locations, school types with different class sizes, lengths of teaching experience and educational qualifications.Design and method: This study employed a case study approach. The six teachers and their associated science classes (including students) were considered as six cases. Data were gathered through observing the teachers’ science lessons, interviewing them twice – once before and once after the lesson observation, and interviewing their students in focus groups.Results: This study reveals that participating teachers held a range of perspectives on scientific literacy, including some naïve perspectives. In addition, their perspectives were often not seen to be realised in the classroom as for teachers the emphasis of learning science was more traditional in nature. Many of their teaching practices promoted a culture of academic science that resulted in students’ difficulty in finding connections between the science they study in school and their everyday lives. This research also identified the tension which teachers encountered between their religious values and science values while they were teaching science in a culture with a religious tradition.Conclusions: The professional development practice for science teachers in Bangladesh with its emphasis on developing science content knowledge may limit the scope for promoting the concepts of scientific literacy. Opportunities for developing pedagogic knowledge is also limited and consequently impacts on teachers’ ability to develop the concepts of scientific literacy and learn how to teach for its promotion. 相似文献
4.
Ms Beverley L Jane 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):152-160
In Victoria, schools are adopting one common certificate, the VCE (Victorian Certificate of Education) which encompasses two
years of study (Years 11 and 12) and comprises 44 subject areas or Studies, each of one semester duration. Amongst the compulsory
subjects is Australian Studies (Units 1 and 2) with its focus on Work in Australian society. This paper discusses concerns
about the teaching of the compulsory subject Australian Studies in the new VCE. The purpose is to consider whether the science
and technology component in the Australian Studies course can raise the students’ level of scientific and technological literacy.
The discussion is based on one semester’s teaching experience of Year 11 Australian Studies and consequent reflections on
practice.
Specializations: science and technology teacher education, technology in the curriculum. 相似文献
5.
6.
Eva T. Krugly‐Smolska 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):473-480
The concept of scientific literacy is now widely used to represent goal statements for science education. These tend to be remarkably similar in developing and developed countries. It is argued that, although this is desirable idealistically, a more realistic approach is required in determining priorities, given the differing cultural and economic contexts of science education. Exposure to science and technology varies in developed and developing countries, yet students in both contexts have difficulty defining science. However, the problem of equating science with progress, but not understanding why, is most acute in developing countries, for it leads to blind faith. Many students in developing countries receive a limited exposure to science, those in developed countries are bombarded, The question for both is what is most important for them to know. The recognition of science as process is offered as a solution. 相似文献
7.
Paul Strube 《Research in Science Education》1987,17(1):47-55
Conclusions This study raises a great number of questions, many of which would be valuable for science curricula to reflect upon. Firstly,
it would seem that the practising professionals do not believe methodology is easily taught, at least not without a strong
factual knowledge base. Secondly, science courses have had little effect on carrer choice, with the possible slight exception
of physical scientists working in the public sector. Thirdly, scientists would give strong support to the idea of teaching
students to use ‘scientific attitudes’ in their everyday life. And fourthly, the social implications of science are felt to
be deserving of close attention in schools-but perhaps not within the science classroom.
What clearly remains to be done is the difficult and time-consuming work to follow up these hints. What do the scientists
see asthe scientific attitudes? What facts, etc., should form the basis of the science curricula? How should the social implications
of science be discussed, and what responses are appropriate to them? To answer these questions will take a national study
of great scope and effort, yet it would seem to be an essential part of the process of determinng science education programmes
of purpose and value. 相似文献
8.
9.
Dr Paul L Gardner 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):124-133
Technology encompasses the goods and services which people make and provide to meet human needs, and the processes and systems
used for their development and delivery. Although technology and science are related, a distinction can be made between their
purposes and outcomes. This paper considers four possible approaches to teaching students about the relationship between technology
and science. Atechnology-as-illustration approach treats technology as if it were applied science; artefacts are presented to illustrate scientific principles. Acognitive-motivational approach also treats technology as applied science, but presents technology early in the instructional sequence in order
to promote student interest and understanding. In anartefact approach, learners study artefacts as systems in order to understand the scientific principles which explain their workings.
Finally, atechnology-as-process approach emphasises the role of technological capability; in this approach, scientific concepts do not have privileged status
as a basis for selecting curriculum content.
Specializations: science and technology education, educational evaluation, measurement of attitudes and interests. 相似文献
10.
Rethinking the ethics of scientific knowledge: A case study of teaching the environment in science classrooms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper we argue that scientific literacy ought to be rethought in that it involves ethics as its core element. Considering
the fact that science education has addressed ethical dilemmas of Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE) issues,
it is worthwhile to question what the ethics of scientific knowledge mean in terms of their implications in modern society
where knowledge generally is separated from action and thereby from the responsibility for knowing. We draw on the concept
of integrity of knowing to analyze knowledge about the environment in Korean sixth—grade science classrooms. Examining the
notion of immediate coping and ConfucianCheng, we differentiate ‘knowing about ethics’ and ‘knowing ethically’ with respect to STSE issues. We challenge the notion of
knowing, suggesting instead that there is not only knowing about but knowingin andfor action. Participatory scientific literacy ought to aim for the latter form of knowing. This understanding of ethics and scientific
literacy could help science educators bring forth the responsibility for knowledge in science classrooms by encouraging students
to become active and responsible concerning STSE issues. 相似文献
11.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(5):589-606
Drawing from literature in the social studies of science, this paper historicizes two pivotal concepts in science literacy: the definition of life and the assumption of objectivity. In this paper we suggest that an understanding of the historical, discursive production of scientific knowledge affects the meaning of scientific literacy in at least three ways. First, a discursive study of scientific knowledge has the epistemological consequence of avoiding the selective perception that occurs when facts are abstracted from the historical conditions of their emergence. Second, a discursive approach to scientific knowledge can also be an example of science‐as‐exploration. Third, literacy and discourse studies contribute insights that alter assumptions about pedagogical appropriateness in science education. The paper concludes by suggesting that when science literacy includes the historical production of scientific knowledge, it can thereby extend the possibilities for what can be thought, studied and imagined in the name of science education. 相似文献
12.
This paper outlines work in progress on a study which is investigating what children understand about natural and processed
materials and how scientific learning on the topic could be extended and reinforced in the home. Four different interview
schedules for eliciting children's understanding were developed and tried out. Children's understandings prior to each of
the four units, and at the conclusion of the teaching program were documented through individual interviews. Family interviews
were also conducted prior to and at the conclusion to the teaching. In this paper the difficulties associated with researching
young children's thinking are explored. The rationale for a storytelling context for the interviews is presented, and there
is a preliminary discussion on the effectiveness of the methodology utilised.
Specializations: early childhood science education; the Curriculum Corporation K-3 Science Program.
Specializations: primary science education, teacher education in science, adult experiences of science and technology; the K-3 Science Program. 相似文献
13.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(5):607-623
This paper explores alternative approaches to the conception of scientific literacy, drawing on cultural studies and emerging practices in language arts as its framework. The paper reviews historic tensions in the understanding of scientific literacy and then draws on the multiliteracies movement in language arts to suggest a scientific multiliteracy. This is explored through analyzing the writing practices of groups other than scientists who for a variety of reasons must engage science. Specifically the paper examines zine writers who are ‘professional’ human research subjects, i.e. derive a part of their annual income by signing up for psychological and medical experiments, and science fiction fans, who produce their own texts in response to the narratives they love. The paper argues that these literacy practices add to traditional notions of scientific literacy possibilities of history, fiction, critique, as well as more traditional empiricism embraced by national standards. The paper concludes by considering the ambivalence towards science in both of these popular scientific literacy communities’ writings, arguing that what multiliteracies offers is a possibility of a more nuanced, more appropriately ambivalent, and more politically and ethically engaged subject of science than offered by the current version of literacy dominating science educational discourse. 相似文献
14.
Lars Bang 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2018,13(3):807-822
This paper explores the concept of scientific literacy through its relation to democracy and citizenship. Scientific literacy has received international attention in the twenty-first century as demonstrated by the Programme for International Student Assessment survey of 2006. It is no longer just a concept but has become a stated and testable outcome in the science education research community. This paper problematizes the ‘marriage’ between scientific literacy and democracy, particularly the idea that scientific literacy is a presupposed necessity to proper citizenship and awareness of the role of science in modern society. A perusal of the science education literature can provide a history of scientific literacy, as it exists as a research category. Through Gilles Deleuze’s notion of the Dogmatic Image of Thought and its relation to a Spinozist understanding of individuation/Becoming, it is argued that scientific literacy is not a recent invention and is problematic in its relation to democracy. This article is thus intended to act more as vehicle to move, stimulate and dramatize thought and potentially reconceptualise scientific literacy, than a comprehensive historical analysis. The concept of scientific literacy has undergone specific transformations in the last two centuries and has been enacted in different manifestations throughout modernity. Here the analysis draws upon Deleuze’s reading of Michel Foucault and the notion of the Diagram related to Foucault’s oeuvre, and is specifically using Foucault’s notion of rationalities as actualized threads or clusters of discourse. The obvious link between science and democracy is an effect of specific rationalities within the epistemological field of science, rather than intrinsic, essential characteristics of science or scientific literacy. There is nothing intrinsic in its function for democracy. Through a case study of the work of Charles W. Eliot and Herbert Spencer and the modern enactment of scientific literacy in contemporary science education, this paper shows the cultural and historical contingencies on which the relation between scientific literacy and democracy has been constructed through a rationality this article calls the Man of Science. The mythical Ouroboros will be used as a Fresh Image of Thought to explore the movements and folds within the discursive formation of Scientific Literacy, the rationality of the Man of Science, and their relation to democracy. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this review paper is to contribute to the effort of rethinking scientific literacy in a form that is appropriate for describing and theorizing its occurrence “in the wild,” that is, in the everyday world that we share with others (as opposed to testing situations in classrooms and laboratories). Consistent with our commitment to practice, we exemplify relevant theories of everyday cognition with a case study of scientific literacy in the wild. Accordingly, we conceive scientific literacy as situated, distributed, and dynamic. We use this case study as a touchstone for reviewing the literature on scientific literacy as it has been developed over the past 50 years. Our review shows that sociocultural and cultural-historical activity theoretic models of knowing account for scientific literacy in the wild better than other theories. If the purpose of science education is to produce a scientifically literate citizenry, the question now can be asked what these models propose to frame school science and the possible trajectories that might lead to scientific literacy in the wild. 相似文献
16.
Robin Millar 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(13):1499-1521
Although the term “scientific literacy” has been increasingly used in recent years to characterise the aim of school science education, there is still considerable uncertainty about its meaning and implications for the curriculum. A major national project in England, Twenty First Century Science, is evaluating the feasibility of a more flexible science curriculum structure for 15‐year‐old and 16‐year‐old students, centring around a core course for all students with a scientific literacy emphasis. Over 12,000 students in 78 schools have followed this course since September 2003. The development of a detailed teaching programme is an important means of clarifying the meanings and implications of a “scientific literacy” approach. Questionnaire data from teachers at the end of the first and second years of the project (N = 40 and N = 51) show a strongly positive evaluation of the central features of the course design. Teachers perceive the scientific literacy emphasis as markedly increasing student interest and engagement. Key challenges identified are the language and reasoning demands in looking critically at public accounts of science, and the classroom management of more open discussion about science‐related issues. 相似文献
17.
The study of Aboriginal culture in schools is supported by an increasing number of educators and government committees. However,
in the absence of substantial research evidence, it has been difficult to propose justifiable curricular recommendations.
The results of this exploratory study suggest that student attitudes towards Aborigines and Aboriginal culture can be improved
by a science program which features an Aboriginal Studies component. Further, it is suggested that there is scope for the
development of up-to-date curriculum materials and more comprehensive studies.
Specializations: science education, teaching thinking.
Specializations: science education, curriculum theory and design, teacher development. 相似文献
18.
In this review, we discuss (1) how the notion of conceptual change has developed over the past three decades, (2) giving rise to alternative approaches for analysing conceptual change, (3) leading towards a multiperspective view of science learning and instruction that (4) can be used to examine scientific literacy and (5) lead to a powerful framework for improving science teaching and learning. 相似文献
19.
Yannis Hadzigeorgiou 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2017,49(10):1016-1028
This paper discusses R.S. Peters’ notion of ‘cognitive perspective’, which, through careful reading, can be interpreted as a wider perspective resulting from an awareness of the relationships of one’s knowledge and understanding to one’s own life. This interpretation makes cognitive perspective a holistic notion akin to that of worldview, and also points to the possibility for students to experience a change of outlook on the world, as a result of learning science. Given the ongoing debate regarding the notion scientific literacy and the problems associated with it, the development of cognitive perspective can be considered the primary goal of school science education, as it provides an alternative way to think about what it means for a student to be educated in science. Such a goal, in turn, points to the importance of teaching for the (practical and emotional) significance of scientific facts and ideas, as awareness of such significance does not necessarily follow the acquisition of content knowledge and the application of the latter in everyday contexts. The paper also attempts to clarify the notion of utility of scientific knowledge, as an understanding of such notion is crucilal for understanding the implications of the development of cogintive perspective for school science education. 相似文献
20.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(1):9-10
The campaign for scientific literacy has utilized the avenues of children's and young people's literature quite effectively. It should be noted that because such publications are elementary in their conception and literary style, they are attractive to adults with a limited reading ability as well; thus their reading audience extends beyond only young people.20 As discussed previously in the consideration of Little Red Guards, some children's publications have sections devoted to science and scientific knowledge and other publications have scientific themes woven into their situations, but the major purveyor of scientific information in the field of children's literature is the popular science reader, a book devoted completely to scientific material. The contents of such science readers explain natural phenomena, attempt to dispel myths, convey a sense of national scientific self-reliance to the user, and encourage scientific experimentation and inquiry. 相似文献