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1.
This article argues that most contemporary children’s environmental picture books and easy readers published in the United States focus overwhelmingly on individual environmentalist acts and lifestyle changes, overlook the connections between environmental degradation and systemic social problems such as class disparities, and ultimately over-simplify environmental crisis. They typically encourage children to adopt environmentalist behaviors such as recycling that can be performed by individuals or families in the home, school, and local community, but do little to encourage civic engagement that would call into attention the intertwined ideological, economic, and political factors preventing profound environmental change. The analysis then examines several books that notably do inform readers about the larger political and economic issues and place a strong emphasis on environmental justice, a type of environmentalism deeply concerned with issues of race, class, gender, and economic inequality. Such texts are more likely to encourage an environmentalism that combines lifestyle and consumer choices with political activism. We need more books like this, as children’s texts that resign environmental action almost completely to individual choices and behaviors and disassociate environmental crises from their larger constitutive contexts do little to prepare young people for the socio-environmental challenges we face now and in the future. 相似文献
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P.E. Bryant 《教育心理学》1985,5(3-4):207-215
Abstract There is a difference between recognising what kind of sum is needed to solve a mathematical problem on the one hand and doing the sum correctly on the other. There are good grounds for pursuing this distinction. One is that the easy availability of calculators makes the second element a great deal easier for children who know how to use them. Another is that current work on children's cognitive development shows that there are many problems which children have the skill to solve but nevertheless fail to solve because they do not always realise when the skill is needed. I report a pilot study which demonstrates the same sort of thing with subtraction and which deals with the conditions which might encourage children to use the mathematical skills that they do have more effectively. 相似文献
3.
培养生活自理能力是幼儿适应集体生活的需要,是幼儿适应未来社会的需要,是培养幼儿独立个性的需要。幼儿园应激发幼儿生活自理兴趣,在一日活动中培养幼儿自理能力,在与同伴相处过程中提高幼儿自理能力,让幼儿主动做力所能及的事,还应加强宣传,更新家长的教育观念,指导家长育儿方法,鼓励家长和幼儿一起劳动。 相似文献
4.
学前教育对于促进个体的全面发展,提高国民的整体素质,有着非常重要的作用。然而,在云南省的许多地区,适龄学前儿童未入园的情况十分普遍。究其主要原因:一是政府部门对学前儿童尤其是处境困难儿童教育问题关注不够,二是许多家长不理解学前教育的价值,三是学前教育机构质量不高、形式单一,对家长与孩子缺乏吸引力。要想提高云南省学前儿童入园率,除了加大经费投入和加强管理之外,应做好宣传工作以增强家长对学前教育重要性的认识,还应采取各地州以及城乡分层分别发展模式,探索多元化的学前教育机构和形式。 相似文献
5.
This paper investigates the motivational power of children to change teachers' beliefs about teaching. Weekly and summary reflections written by 18 preservice teachers served as data sources. Preservice teachers were learning from the children what they expect their teachers to know, to do, and to be, and in consequence of the face‐to‐face encounters with children, teachers were likely to establish and change their beliefs about children and how to teach. Teacher educators may encourage this learning by asking preservice teachers, during and after their work in classrooms, to respond to the questions: ‘As I related to the children, what did they require from me?’, and ‘How did I respond to these demands?’. The work of Emmanuel Levinas on the relationship in the face‐to‐face encounter between people provided an interpretive framework for evaluating responses to these questions. 相似文献
6.
Education and development: Thirty years of continuity and change 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
At the end of the 30th volume of IJED and in the year that the journal published its 1000th paper, it is appropriate to look back at the journal's development. In doing so, this article will discuss a series of important issues regarding the future of the field of international education and development and how it engages with development studies. The paper concludes that the challenge for IJED and for the wider work of its readership is to start imagining a more radical future in which we seek more purposefully to build bridges with other disciplines, engage with new methodological tools and encourage fresh voices but above all else communicate more clearly what we do and do not know about the wonderful complexity of the education–development relationship. 相似文献
7.
Megan Geerdts Gretchen Van De Walle Vanessa LoBue 《Early education and development》2016,27(8):1237-1249
Research Findings: Anthropomorphism—the attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman entities—has long been a staple of children’s media. However, children’s experiences with anthropomorphic media may interfere with biological reasoning instead encouraging an anthropocentric view of the natural world. To date, little research has addressed the typical content of children’s storybooks about animals: Do these storybooks present factual information that may support early developing biological reasoning, or do they instead focus on human-centered, psychological information that may encourage anthropocentrism? We analyzed the types of causal explanatory information that commercial storybooks about animals provide to children about 2 biological concepts that have been extensively studied in the experimental literature: biological inheritance and the transmission of illness. Using coding schemes similar to those used in prior experimental literature to assess preschool-age children’s biological reasoning, we found that none of the anthropomorphized books presented children with scientifically accurate causal mechanisms. These books focused almost exclusively on social-emotional experiences as opposed to biological explanations, which may inadvertently encourage anthropocentric reasoning. Practice or Policy: Understanding more about the content of informal sources of early learning can help inform educators on how to best support developing knowledge about the natural world and biological properties. 相似文献
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In this paper we consider two discussion-based parents' forums at two secondary schools. We ask whether such forums can be considered as part of the small, local associative mechanisms which theorists claim have the potential to encourage a more vibrant and interactive public conversation concerning state provided welfare services. We conclude that they cannot - at least in any simple way. However, a study of the forums does raise several interesting issues to do with parents' relationships with schools, the differential resources that particular class fractions bring to bear in developing their relations with teachers, and the responses of the schools to parental voices. Access to higher education and good jobs emerges as the most important element in securing children's futures (and thus of ‘putting the family first’). Yet all the respondents see this as involving their children gaining advantages over others. What is missing from these accounts is an attempt to describe what might be done about any injustice that is recognised, or how the life-chances of the others' might be better protected. Equality of opportunity and equality of citizenship do not emerge as public issues in these versions of access to higher education and good jobs. Instead we have accounts of how to do the best for one's children in a situation of scarcity of both these resources, (Jordan et al. 1994:197) I think it goes right back to the family and they [the parent body] put the children first, right the way through life they put the children first, and they recognise that to get a good job in the end they've got to have qualifications and they want a good school (headteacher, Carson School). 相似文献
10.
Jacqueline D. Woolley Katrina E. Phelps Debra L. Davis & Dorothy J. Mandell 《Child development》1999,70(3):571-587
In two studies, we probed children's beliefs about wishing. In Study 1, we gathered initial data on 50 3- to 6-year-old children's concepts of wishing and beliefs about its efficacy, with both a semistructured interview and a variety of tasks. Results revealed considerable knowledge about wishing in young children, along with an age-related decrease in beliefs about its efficacy. Parents were not found to encourage differently the beliefs of children at different ages, nor were they found to begin actively discouraging such beliefs at any particular age. A moderate relation was found between environmental supports for wishing and children's beliefs in its efficacy. In Study 2, we continued to probe these issues and also address the nature of the broader conceptual context in which children situate their beliefs about wishing. Participants were 92 3- to 6-year-old children. Results of this study suggest that children may reconcile beliefs in the efficacy of wishing with knowledge about everyday mental-physical relations by situating these beliefs more within their emerging beliefs about magic than within their theories of mind. 相似文献
11.
Belief revision can occur at multiple levels of abstraction, including lower-level and higher-order beliefs. It remains unclear, however, how conflicting evidence interacts with prior beliefs to encourage higher-order belief revision. This study explores how 4- and 5-year-olds (N = 96) respond to evidence that directly conflicts with their causal higher-order beliefs. When shown a single event that directly violated a strongly supported prior belief, preschoolers largely maintained their initial higher-order belief. However, when the prior belief was more weakly supported and the counterevidence was stronger, children changed their minds. These findings indicate that young children can revise their higher-order beliefs and, furthermore, do so depending on the strength of both the evidence and their prior beliefs. 相似文献
12.
Klara Øverland Ingunn Størksen Edvin Bru Arlene Arstad Thorsen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2014,58(3):361-384
This Q methodological study explores emotional experiences and coping of daycare staff when working with children of divorce and their families. Two main coping strategies among daycare staff were identified: 1) Confident copers, and 2) Non-confident copers. Interviews exemplify the two main experiences. Both groups may struggle with coping in this work. Still, Non-confident copers seem to experience more problems than do Confident copers. Both Confident and Non-confident copers find it difficult to work with parents who argue in front of the children. Accordingly, we suggest tailored education and counseling in this field to increase knowledge and coping among staff, to help them in their work with children of divorce. 相似文献
13.
Joe Dooley Sherril Sellers Cornelia Gordon‐Hempe 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2013,33(4):431-448
Teaching macro practice can be challenging. While students have some concepts of what macro practice entails, their knowledge may be limited and sometimes inaccurate. Moreover, students may be reluctant to engage in macro change efforts. Given the scarcity of literature regarding teaching macro practice and the growing importance of it in social work, this article addresses major issues that we encountered in teaching macro practice at a large Midwestern school of social work. In our institution only 6% of students are enrolled in macro concentrations and we wish to encourage students to expand their interests in macro practice even if they do not wish to pursue a macro concentration. We describe a macro practice course we designed to meet the challenges of teaching community, organization, and policy practice skills to master's level and advanced undergraduate students. Our goal is to expand the macro practice pedagogy literature and encourage social work faculty to consider both established and innovative ways of introducing the planned change process in community, organization, and policy practice to their students. 相似文献
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吴红琳 《宜宾师范高等专科学校学报》2009,(3):52-54
唐代婚姻重门第尚阀阅,所以士族女子不愁出嫁问题,但是她们仍然没有自主权,只是在离婚扣再嫁方面相对自由。又因为其早年在本家大都受过良好的文化教育和清流家风的化育,所以在为人媳时能帮助舅姑管理家政,能得到舅姑的宽容;在为人妻时能更好地劝勉丈夫建功立业;在为人母时能更好地教育子女,垂范后代。 相似文献
16.
Simplest Shapes First! But Let's Use Cognitive Science to Reconceive and Specify What “Simple” Means
Children's informal and formal learning experiences with geometric shapes currently result in misconceptions that persist into adulthood. Here, we combine research from mathematics education as well as cognitive science pertaining to concepts, categories, and learning strategies to propose a more optimal progression that is better specified and justified than the current standards. To do so, we reframed what constitutes a “simple” shape from perceptual simplicity to simplicity of properties. Our Property-Based Shape Sequence uses property-based criteria of what makes shapes “simple” and progresses in a way that affords opportunities for learners to develop hierarchical conceptions of two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. Our goals are threefold: (1) recommend an optimal, mathematically-correct shape learning sequence, (2) correct misconceptions that adults and children harbor about shapes, and (3) encourage cross-disciplinary collaborations between mathematics education and psychology researchers to validate the proposed learning sequence. 相似文献
17.
Angharad E. Beckett 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2014,35(6):856-875
This article discusses findings from an Economic and Social Research Council-funded study exploring non-disabled children’s ideas about disability. This represents the first in-depth sociological investigation of children’s ideas about disabled people as members of wider society. Data are presented from focus group discussions with children aged 6–7 and 10–11. The article draws upon William H. Sewell Jr’s theorizing of structure and agency and, in particular, employs his concept of ‘cultural schemas’. The article explores non-disabled children’s enactment of various cultural schemas relating to disability and argues that although they are capable of questioning, even transforming, schemas, they are primarily engaged in enacting a series of ‘hegemonic’ schemas that maintain their privileged position as non-disabled people. The article concludes by urging schools and educationalists to do more to encourage non-disabled children to think differently and positively about disabled people. 相似文献
18.
Kate Grant 《Literacy》1996,30(3):11-17
In these days of rising class sizes, many teachers are making use of assistants and parent volunteers in their classes to lighten the teaching load. Kate Grant reports here on her evaluation of a scheme to train such volunteers and assistants to work with children on a more structured basis. The success she reports should encourage schools to develop similar approaches which seem to enhance children's experiences rather than threaten teacher professionalism. 相似文献
19.
Ernest Choat Harry Griffin 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1988,19(2):123-130
Previous research by the authors indicated that the videorecorder was not being used effectively in schools with young children. This was partly owing to a lack of suitable video material. Pilot work established that videotapes in a modular form, rather than linear programmes, not only would act as a resource when required by teachers and children but also would encourage more flexible use of video. This would include small group viewing and frequent use of the stop/start, pause, rewind and fast forward controls to encourage interaction. This style is usually nowadays associated with the videodisc although its origin is with the videorecorder. In the quest for technological 'progress', too much emphasis has been put on the videodisc at the expense of the videorecorder. To offset this deficiency, this research and development project, in co-operation with teachers, was established to investigate which material best suits the needs of primary and nursery schools, and to produce a series of modular video tapes. 相似文献
20.
随着独立学院的不断发展,学院毕业生的就业问题也备受关注。独立学院的就业存在着自身的不足之处,如何寻找更有效的就业途径让学生能就业、就好业显得尤为重要。针对学生就业中出现的问题,我们通过建立毕业生人才信息库、加大毕业生回访力度、疏通长效的就业通道、充分做好就业指导工作、鼓励学生面向基层就业、多渠道自主创业等途径,有效地解决了毕业生的就业问题。 相似文献