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1.
Kevin W. Boyack Nees Jan van Eck Giovanni Colavizza Ludo Waltman 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(1):59-73
We report characteristics of in-text citations in over five million full text articles from two large databases – the PubMed Central Open Access subset and Elsevier journals – as functions of time, textual progression, and scientific field. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of in-text citations in a detailed way prior to pursuing other studies focused on answering more substantive research questions. As such, we have analyzed in-text citations in several ways and report many findings here. Perhaps most significantly, we find that there are large field-level differences that are reflected in position within the text, citation interval (or reference age), and citation counts of references. In general, the fields of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Life and Earth Sciences, and Physical Sciences and Engineering have similar reference distributions, although they vary in their specifics. The two remaining fields, Mathematics and Computer Science and Social Science and Humanities, have different reference distributions from the other three fields and between themselves. We also show that in all fields the numbers of sentences, references, and in-text mentions per article have increased over time, and that there are field-level and temporal differences in the numbers of in-text mentions per reference. A final finding is that references mentioned only once tend to be much more highly cited than those mentioned multiple times. 相似文献
2.
Multidisciplinary cooperation is now common in research since social issues inevitably involve multiple disciplines. In research articles, reference information, especially citation content, is an important representation of communication among different disciplines. Analyzing the distribution characteristics of references from different disciplines in research articles is basic to detecting the sources of referred information and identifying contributions of different disciplines. This work takes articles in PLoS as the data and characterizes the references from different disciplines based on Citation Content Analysis (CCA). First, we download 210,334 full-text articles from PLoS and collect the information of the in-text citations. Then, we identify the discipline of each reference in these academic articles. To characterize the distribution of these references, we analyze three characteristics, namely, the number of citations, the average cited intensity and the average citation length. Finally, we conclude that the distributions of references from different disciplines are significantly different. Although most references come from Natural Science, Humanities and Social Sciences play important roles in the Introduction and Background sections of the articles. Basic disciplines, such as Mathematics, mainly provide research methods in the articles in PLoS. Citations mentioned in the Results and Discussion sections of articles are mainly in-discipline citations, such as citations from Nursing and Medicine in PLoS. 相似文献
3.
In citation network analysis, complex behavior is reduced to a simple edge, namely, node A cites node B. The implicit assumption is that A is giving credit to, or acknowledging, B. It is also the case that the contributions of all citations are treated equally, even though some citations appear multiply in a text and others appear only once. In this study, we apply text-mining algorithms to a relatively large dataset (866 information science articles containing 32,496 bibliographic references) to demonstrate the differential contributions made by references. We (1) look at the placement of citations across the different sections of a journal article, and (2) identify highly cited works using two different counting methods (CountOne and CountX). We find that (1) the most highly cited works appear in the Introduction and Literature Review sections of citing papers, and (2) the citation rankings produced by CountOne and CountX differ. That is to say, counting the number of times a bibliographic reference is cited in a paper rather than treating all references the same no matter how many times they are invoked in the citing article reveals the differential contributions made by the cited works to the citing paper. 相似文献
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Mohammad Reza Ghane 《Learned Publishing》2016,29(2):77-82
The references cited in scientific articles are as important as any other part of the paper, because of their usefulness to the scientific community and to abstracting and indexing services and citation databases. I studied inaccuracies in references and in‐text citations in sample of 97 of the 519 peer‐reviewed journals accredited by the Iranian National Commission for Journal Accreditation Policy (Ministry of Research, Science and Technology). The target journals published 2,980 articles with 74,577 cited references and 108,151 in‐text citations. The results showed 36.6% as the average percentage error rate (range 5.6% to 61.3%). The mean number of errors in cited reference and in‐text citations was 2.7 per article, and the mean number of errors per journal was 690. For the entire sample of articles, 4,369 in‐text citations did not match any source in the list of references (4%), and 8,683 cited references did not match any in‐text citation (11.6%). The stakeholders in scholarly communication, especially authors, pay insufficient attention to the accuracy of bibliographic references. Peer‐reviewed journals should encourage the use of standardized journal policies and quality‐control measures regarding peer review, data quality and accuracy. 相似文献
7.
We address issues concerning what one may learn from how citation instances are distributed in scientific articles. We visualize and analyze patterns of citation distributions in the full text of 350 articles published in the Journal of Informetrics. In particular, we visualize and analyze the distributions of citations in articles that are organized in a commonly seen four-section structure, namely, introduction, method, results, and conclusions (IMRC). We examine the locations of citations to the groundbreaking h-index paper by Hirsch in 2005 and how patterns associated with citation locations evolve over time. The results show that citations are highly concentrated in the first section of an article. The density of citations in the first section is about three times higher than that in subsequent sections. The distributions of citations to highly cited papers are even more uneven. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(2):101391
The paper presents an in-depth study of uncited papers. For that, we explore the documents indexed in the INSPIRE database from 1970 to 2015. Uncited articles represent a complex bibliometric environment in which references are generated. The reference lists of uncited papers form a dynamic system partially responsible for the redistribution of scientific impact. Our task is to quantify the detailed structure of citations and references directly in terms of quantiles. We also study the entropy and the statistical complexity measure of references and citations of papers’ quantiles. We introduce a theoretical framework in which citation distribution is considered an asymptotic distribution of the largest values in a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables. We show that this asymptotic distribution is the generalized extreme-value distribution. Furthermore, we empirically demonstrate that the asymptotic behavior of citation distribution is close to (but not quite) the generalized extreme-value distribution. 相似文献
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The citation counts are increasingly used to assess the impact on the scientific community of publications produced by a researcher, an institution or a country. There are many institutions that use bibliometric indicators to steer research policy and for hiring or promotion decisions. Given the importance that counting citations has today, the aim of the work presented here is to show how citations are distributed within a scientific area and determine the dependence of the citation count on the article features. All articles referenced in the Web of Science in 2004 for Biology & Biochemistry, Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics were considered.We show that the distribution of citations is well represented by a double exponential-Poisson law. There is a dependence of the mean citation rate on the number of co-authors, the number of addresses and the number of references, although this dependence is a little far from the linear behaviour. For the relation between the mean impact and the number of pages the dependence obtained was very low. For Biology & Biochemistry and Chemistry we found a linear behaviour between the mean citation per article and impact factor and for Mathematics and Physics the results obtained are near to the linear behaviour. 相似文献
10.
Using 17 open-access journals published without interruption between 2000 and 2004 in the field of library and information science, this study compares the pattern of cited/citing hyperlinked references of Web-based scholarly electronic articles under various citation ranges in terms of language, file format, source and top-level domain. While the patterns of cited references were manually examined by counting the live hyperlinked-cited references, the patterns of citing references were examined by using the cited by tag in Google Scholar. The analysis indicates that although language, top-level domain, and file format of citations did not differ significantly for articles under different citation ranges, sources of citation differed significantly for articles in different citation ranges. Articles with fewer citations mostly cite less-scholarly sources such as Web pages, whereas articles with a higher number of citations mostly cite scholarly sources such as journal articles, etc. The findings suggest that 8 out of 17 OA journals in LIS have significant research impact in the scholarly communication process. 相似文献
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The numerical-algorithmic procedures of fractional counting and field normalization are often mentioned as indispensable requirements for bibliometric analyses. Against the background of the increasing importance of statistics in bibliometrics, a multilevel Poisson regression model (level 1: publication, level 2: author) shows possible ways to consider fractional counting and field normalization in a statistical model (fractional counting I). However, due to the assumption of duplicate publications in the data set, the approach is not quite optimal. Therefore, a more advanced approach, a multilevel multiple membership model, is proposed that no longer provides for duplicates (fractional counting II). It is assumed that the citation impact can essentially be attributed to time-stable dispositions of researchers as authors who contribute with different fractions to the success of a publication’s citation. The two approaches are applied to bibliometric data for 254 scientists working in social science methodology. A major advantage of fractional counting II is that the results no longer depend on the type of fractional counting (e.g., equal weighting). Differences between authors in rankings are reproduced more clearly than on the basis of percentiles. In addition, the strong importance of field normalization is demonstrated; 60% of the citation variance is explained by field normalization. 相似文献
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为提高引文网络社区划分的准确性,以文档之间的语义关系以及引文之间的引用关系为基础,结合词汇在文档中的位置关系等信息,构建基于词汇语义加权的引文网络。通过GloVe模型对词汇向量化以充分利用词汇语义信息,结合WMD模型度量文献之间的相似度,把文档相似度的计算转变为在约束条件下求线性规划最优解的问题,结合文本的内容及结构特征对网络中的边进行赋权,以Louvain社区发现算法对加权后的引文网络进行社区划分,并对划分后的社区进行分析与检验,实验证明GloVe-WMD模型可提高引文网络社区划分的准确度。 相似文献
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EndNote个人参考文献图书馆简介与基本使用方法* 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍了EndNo te 个人参考文献图书馆的作用、应用环境和创建方法。举例说明了如何将文献输入到EndNo te 图书馆中的三种方法: 简单的手工输入; 先保存数据库的检索结果, 然后再借助于对应的数据库过滤文件进行输入; 利用不同数据库或O PAC 系统的联机检索文件来直接检索并输入。介绍了如何对EndNo te 图书馆进行检索、分类重排和显示的方法, 以及如何按照常用的引文和参考文献的著录格式, 将参考文献插入或输出到文本文件中。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]引用语境是科学论文中包含引用的句子,是对引文的描述性或评价性文字。通过提取和分析引用语境中的线索词,可以了解引用语境的一般特征。[方法/过程]以Journal of Informetrics（JOI）期刊为例,选取人称代词、行为动词和连接词三类常用的线索词,分别计算它们在引用语境中的频次、占比和排序。通过比较各类线索词在引用语境和非引用语境中的存在度,识别引用语境中的常用句型和论证模式。[结果/结论]在JOI期刊中,引用语境主要表现出如下特点：侧重于第一人称和第三人称论述,既展现他人的工作,也展现作者的研究;偏重于研究方法类引用,常用的行为动词为"use"base"和"study";强调通过转折和列举等逻辑方式进行论证,最常用的连接词位"also"和"but"。分析引用语境中的线索词,对于更好地理解科学论文中的引用的功能和动机具有重要的价值和意义。 相似文献
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参考文献引用质量鉴审的3个基本要素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为充分发挥参考文献的学术论证作用,并保证基于引文计量分析的学术评价的准确性、真实性和有效性,在审稿过程中应重视参考文献引用质量的鉴审.文章提出参考文献引用质量鉴审的3个基本要素,即引用格式、引文内容和引证作用,并简要阐述有关评审要点. 相似文献
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Mike Thelwall 《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(2):658-678
Articles are cited for different purposes and differentiating between reasons when counting citations may therefore give finer-grained citation count information. Although identifying and aggregating the individual reasons for each citation may be impractical, recording the number of citations that originate from different article sections might illuminate the general reasons behind a citation count (e.g., 110 citations = 10 Introduction citations + 100 Methods citations). To help investigate whether this could be a practical and universal solution, this article compares 19 million citations with DOIs from six different standard sections in 799,055 PubMed Central open access articles across 21 out of 22 fields. There are apparently non-systematic differences between fields in the most citing sections and the extent to which citations from one section overlap with citations from another, with some degree of overlap in most cases. Thus, at a science-wide level, section headings are partly unreliable indicators of citation context, even if they are more standard within individual fields. They may still be used within fields to help identify individual highly cited articles that have had one type of impact, especially methodological (Methods) or context setting (Introduction), but expert judgement is needed to validate the results. 相似文献
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基于引文内容分析的引用情感识别研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义]针对自动识别论文引用情感问题,提出一种基于引文内容分析的识别方法并进行可视化展示,克服基于简单引用频次计量无法区分不同引用情感的问题。[方法/过程]首先,利用正则表达式抽取出论文全文中的引文内容信息;然后,利用TF-IDF算法筛选出引用情感特征词,结合情感词典,利用情感分析技术对引文内容进行引用情感识别;最后,利用可视化工具展示出引用情感整体分布情况。[结果/结论]该方法能够有效识别出抗衰老领域论文数据集中引用情感情况。实验结果显示,该领域正面引用占总引用次数的21%,中立引用占总引用次数的78%,负面引用仅占总引用次数的1%。与传统引文网络相比较,基于引用情感的可视化图谱可以有效识别出不同引用情感在整体数据集合上的分布情况。 相似文献
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参考文献著录中的学术道德缺失现象及其防范 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
在参考文献著录中存在着诸多问题,其中一些属于无意识过错,还有一些由于主观原因有意识地采取非正当或超过学术道德范畴的不良手段,主要包括引而不著、著而不引、过度他引、不正当自引、模糊著引等.为了防范参考文献著录中的学术道德缺失,编辑必须做好把关人,并从自律与他律等方面加以遏制. 相似文献
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《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(2):515-539
Counting of number of papers, of citations and the h-index are the simplest bibliometric indices of the impact of research. We discuss some improvements. First, we replace citations with individual citations, fractionally shared among co-authors, to take into account that different papers and different fields have largely different average number of co-authors and of references. Next, we improve on citation counting applying the PageRank algorithm to citations among papers. Being time-ordered, this reduces to a weighted counting of citation descendants that we call PaperRank. We compute a related AuthorRank applying the PageRank algorithm to citations among authors. These metrics quantify the impact of an author or paper taking into account the impact of those authors that cite it. Finally, we show how self- and circular-citations can be eliminated by defining a closed market of Citation-coins. We apply these metrics to the InSpire database that covers fundamental physics, presenting results for papers, authors, journals, institutes, towns, countries for all-time and in recent time periods. 相似文献
20.
Philip M. DAVIS 《Learned Publishing》2011,24(4):287-298
Prior research has suggested that providing free and discounted access to the scientific literature to researchers in low‐income countries increases article production and citation. Using traditional bibliometric indicators for institutions in sub‐Saharan Africa, we analyze whether institutional access to TEEAL (a digital collection of journal articles in agriculture and allied subjects) increases: (i) article production; (ii) reference length; and (iii) number of citations to journals included in the TEEAL collection. Our analysis is based on nearly 20,000 articles – containing half a million references – published between 1988 and 2009 at 70 institutions in 11 African countries. We report that access to TEEAL does not appear to result in higher article production, although it does lead to longer reference lists (an additional 2.6 references per paper) and a greater frequency of citations to TEEAL journals (an additional 0.4 references per paper), compared to non‐subscribing institutions. We discuss how traditional bibliometric indicators may not provide a full picture of the effectiveness of free and discounted literature programs. 相似文献