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Experiments in science and science teaching 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Derek Hodson 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》1988,20(2):53-66
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Elementary students in grade two make sense of science ideas and knowledge through their contextual experiences. Mattis Lundin and Britt Jakobson find in their research that early grade students have sophisticated understandings of human anatomy and physiology. In order to understand what students’ know about human body and various systems, both drawings and spoken responses provide rich evidence of their understanding of the connections between science drawings and verbal explanations. In this forum contribution, we present several theoretical connections between everyday language and science communication and argue that building communication skills in science are essential. We also discuss how young participants should be valued and supported in research. Finally we discuss the need for multimodal research methods when the research participants are young. 相似文献
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Hagar Ibrahim Labouta Natasha A. Kenny Rui Li Max Anikovskiy Leslie Reid David Thomas Cramb 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(12):1476-1492
Research on understanding the full extent that an authentic science research experience engages students in how scientists think and act is sparse. ‘Learning-science-by-doing-science’ (LSDS) is an emerging self-guided process-learning model in postsecondary science education. It offers authentic science research opportunities that drive students to think and act like scientists. This study investigates the LSDS approach as a potential model for science learning at postsecondary level and aims to answer a main research inquiry – what are the students’ and teaching staff’s perceptions of students’ learning gains and the quality of their learning experiences in an authentic research environment within the LSDS model? To answer this question, data were collected from the students, alumni, instructors, teaching assistants and the program director via questionnaires, focus groups and interviews. Students’ and staff’s lived experiences and their perceptions on their authentic research experiences within the LSDS model were used to articulate the key attributes and stages of the LSDS model. The outcomes of this study can be used to help other science programs implement similar authentic research process learning approaches in their own contexts. 相似文献
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Models in science and in science education: an introduction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Michael R. Matthews 《Science & Education》2007,16(7-8):647-652
This collection of papers contributes to the tradition of model-related research in education, and it does so in both the
fields of pedagogy and epistemology. Hopefully the papers will deepen understanding and move the research field forward. The
ubiquity of models in the history and current practice of science is widely recognised. In the past half-century historians
and philosophers of science have devoted considerable time to documenting and understanding the role of models in science
and social science. A minority of studies have engaged with the central epistemic question of the truth-status of models,
and of how models relate, or do not relate, to the real-world processes that they are putatively representing. In Education
research there has been a rich vein of such research investigating the use of models as aids to memory, as ways of bridging
between the experience and understanding of learners and the more abstract theories of science; and there has been a lot of
research on the efficacy of children’s own experiences of model construction and testing. Attention to the epistemological
side of model construction, functioning and testing is of special current importance because of the unprecedented importance
being given to ‘Nature of Science’ objectives in science curricula around the world. 相似文献
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Victor L. Willson 《科学教学研究杂志》1987,24(3):279-284
A paper by Norris presents scientific observation as a highly inferential activity in which human senses have become secondary to instrumentation. Norris takes examples from elementary and secondary curricula to support his position. This paper examines Norris's contentions from two perspectives, that of cognitive psychology and that of the philosophy of science. It is argued here that Norris has discussed only one aspect of observation, theory-confirming observation. Another, pretheoretic or theory-building observation, is more closely related to the curriculum activities he criticized. From a cognitive psychology perspective the theory-confirming observation is of use to the expert, but for novices the absence of domain-specific knowledge and of sophisticated problem-solving processes may render theory-building observation more meaningful for instruction. 相似文献
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This article addresses ideas about the particulate nature of matter that are considered to be correct or acceptable in science education and studies of children's misconceptions. It argues that science teachers and educators use educational as well as scientific criteria for correctness, and that these criteria do not always coincide. Relations between the particulate nature of matter in science and science education are analyzed in an attempt to make more intelligible children's inclination to attribute all kinds of macroscopic properties to particles. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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This forum explores contradictions that arose within the partnership between Teach for America (TFA) and a university teacher education program. TFA is an alternate route teacher preparation program that places individuals into K-12 classrooms in low-income school districts after participating in an intense summer training program and provides them with ongoing support. This forum is a conversation about the challenges we faced as new science teachers in the TFA program and in the Peace Corps program. We both entered the teaching field with science degrees and very little formal education in science education. In these programs we worked in a community very different from the one we had experienced as students. These experiences allow us to address many of the issues that were discussed in the original paper, namely teaching in an unfamiliar community amid challenges that many teachers face in the first few years of teaching. We consider how these challenges may be amplified for teachers who come to teaching through an alternate route and may not have as much pedagogical training as a more traditional teacher education program provides. The forum expands on the ideas presented in the original paper to consider the importance of perspectives on socially just science education. There is often a disconnect between what is taught in teacher education programs and what teachers actually experience in urban classrooms and this can be amplified when the training received through alternate route provides a different framework as well. This forum urges universities and alternate route programs to continue to find ways to authentically partner using practical strategies that bring together the philosophies and goals of all stakeholders in order to better prepare teachers to partner with their students to achieve their science learning goals. 相似文献
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Stephen P. Norris 《科学教学研究杂志》1985,22(9):817-833
Observation plays a fundamental role in scientific investigation. Scientific observation sometimes involves relatively simple activities requiring little preparation and unsophisticated interpretation. At other times, however, scientific observation is an extremely complex activity, indeed among the most challenging enterprises in which human beings engage. The science education field typically portrays only that segment of scientific observation at the simple end of this spectrum. In doing this, there is a risk that students will acquire a distorted image of scientific observation, and develop observational skills which are not at all adequate for the role which observation plays in science. An alternative account of observation in science is presented and its implications for science teaching are discussed. 相似文献
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对科学文化和科学教育的思考——兼谈素质教育的几个问题 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
“科学求真 ,人文求善” ,“科学教人做事 ,人文教人做人”的二分观点值得商榷 ,传统的事实价值二分模式和主客二分模式是其理论渊源。科学作为一种文化 ,不仅求真而且求善求美。对真善美的追求是科学文化的价值内蕴。科学在本质上是人文的 ,这是科学文化与人文文化“和而不同”的根基。缺乏完整的科学文化观和科学教育观 ,是科学教育最大的不足。完整的科学教育应当并且能够既教人做事也教人做人。要充分挖掘科学文化蕴含的人文价值来教育人 ,关键在于教师要提高自身的科学文化素养 相似文献
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History of science and science education 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stephen G. Brush 《Interchange》1989,20(2):60-70
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This article describes views about the nature of science held by a small sample of science students in their final year at the university. In a longitudinal interview study, 11 students were asked questions about the nature of science during the time they were involved in project work. Statements about the nature of science were characterized and coded using a framework drawing on aspects of the epistemology and sociology of science. The framework in this study has three distinct areas: the relationship between data and knowledge claims, the nature of lines of scientific enquiry, and science as a social activity. The students in our sample tended to see knowledge claims as resting solely on empirical grounds, although some students mentioned social factors as also being important. Many of the students showed significant development in their understanding of how lines of scientific enquiry are influenced by theoretical developments within a discipline, over the 5–8 month period of their project work. Issues relating to scientists working as a community were underrepresented in the students' discussions about science. Individual students drew upon a range of views about the nature of science, depending on the scientific context being discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 201–219, 1999 相似文献
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Mathematics in science: The role of the history of science in communicating the significance of mathematical formalism in science 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Kevin C. de Berg 《Science & Education》1992,1(1):77-87
The use of a historical profile for illustrating the significance of the mathematical components of a scientific law is discussed in this paper. Such an approach addresses the need for the purposive use of scientific laws rather than the blind substitutionary procedures characteristic of most problem-solvers. The approach has the potential for increasing female participation in the physical sciences because of its reliance on learning modes favourable to female participation. 相似文献
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In order to examine factors that may deter girls' interest in science, five seventh-grade life science textbooks were analyzed for sexism in language, images, and curricular content, and for features of activities that have been found to be useful for motivating girls. Although overt sexism was not apparent, subtle forms of sexism in the selection of language, images, and curricular content were found. Activities had some features useful to girls, but other features were seldom included. Teachers may wish to use differences that were found among texts as one basis for text selection. 相似文献
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Conclusion The basic assumption underlying this study is that science teachers have misconceptions in some selected science concepts.
The overall conclusion which can be drawn is that, although the responses were not consistent across the concepts or within
the concepts, there are indeed misconceptions. The result is evidence that the graduate trainee teachers have misconceptions
in science. The results show that the view of science held by this group of trainee teachers is sometimes little better than
the view of science held by students investigated by Osborne et al. The test appears appropriate for use with science teachers.
What do these results imply? They suggest that science teachers may have concepts which are little better than the students
they teach. If that is the case, then, is it reasonable to urge teachers to probe their students' concepts before teaching
them? Should science educators then redirect their efforts in conceptual change to changing teachers' views before changing
students' views? 相似文献
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A national curriculum comprising statements of attainment at different levels must be underpinned by some idea of “progression”
in learning. Questions arise as to the nature and meaning of progression. To gain a deeper insight into how children progress
in their understanding of science, this research involves the construction and testing of a hypothetical learning sequence
for the topic of forces. This interim report explains how children aged 7 to 13 are being interviewed to explore their explanations
of phenomena involving forces. These explanations will be mapped onto the sequence to provide a multi-dimensional model of
progression.
Specializations: assessment, curriculum development.
Specializations: assessment, investigations in science, progression in learning science. 相似文献