共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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Inquiry-based learning allows students to learn about scientific phenomena in an exploratory way. Inquiry-based learning can take place in online environments in which students read informational texts and experiment in virtual labs. We conducted two studies using eye-tracking to examine the integration of these two sources of information for students from vocational education (78 and 71 participants, respectively, mean age of 13 years and 7 months). In Study 1, we examined whether the amount of time spent on reading text and on integrating the text content with information from a virtual lab (as measured via gaze switches between the text and the lab) affected the quality of the inquiry-based learning process in the lab (i.e., correctly designed experiments and testable hypotheses created) and the learning gain (increase in domain knowledge from pretest to posttest). Results showed, on average, a gain in domain knowledge. Pretest scores were related to posttest scores, and this relation was mediated by the score for correctly designed experiments in the lab. There was no relation between informational text reading time and inquiry process quality or learning gain, but more frequent integration was associated with a higher score for experimentation in the virtual lab, and more frequent integration attenuated the relation between pretest score and designing correct experiments. Integration could thus compensate for the negative effects of lower prior knowledge. In Study 2, we examined whether integration was stimulated by highlighting correspondences between the informational text and the virtual lab (i.e., signaling). Integration was higher than in Study 1, but this did not further improve the quality of the inquiry process or the learning gain. A general conclusion is that integration fosters inquiry-based learning, but that stimulating additional integration may not result in further improvement. 相似文献
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Metaphors are often used to help prospective teachers' articulate ideas and knowledge about teachers and teaching. This article reports the results of a study focused on a multimodal project completed by prospective teachers (N = 52) for the express purpose of identifying, capturing, displaying, and articulating their metaphorical definition(s) of teachers and teaching. Findings suggest that multimodality offered varied and nuanced ways for participants to represent and share metaphors. Findings also suggest that offering prospective teachers with opportunities to consider and articulate metaphorical ideas through multimodal means may further contribute to their development as they learn to teach. 相似文献
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Refutation text is potentially more effective than standard text for conceptual change. Learning from text and graphic is also potentially superior to learning from text alone. In two studies, we investigated the effectiveness of both a refutation text and a refutation graphic for promoting high school students’ conceptual change learning about season change, as well as their metacognitive awareness of conceptual conflict and knowledge revision. In both studies, participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) standard text with standard graphic, (2) standard text with refutation graphic, (3) refutation text with standard graphic, or (4) refutation text with refutation graphic. Both studies had a pretest, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test design and involved students with an initial common misconception about the causes of season change. In Study 2, explicit relevance instructions to observe the important illustration were given to the participants. In both studies, refutation text with refutation graphic was not more beneficial than other instructional materials, either at immediate or delayed post-test. In Study 1, more stable conceptual change learning emerged in readers of the refutation text with standard graphic compared to readers in the control condition. In Study 2, readers of the standard text with refutation graphic performed as well as readers of the refutation text with standard graphic. In addition, more readers of the refutation text with either graphic showed metacognitive awareness of their knowledge change compared to readers in the control condition. Educational implications underline the importance of relevance instructions for guiding readers toward the graphic and of the design of text-graphic pairing to sustain knowledge revision. 相似文献
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Elspeth McKay 《教育心理学》1999,19(3):323-335
ABSTRACT An adaptation of Bagley's (1990) experiment which compared the interaction of instructional format with adult learners was carried out replacing the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) arithmetic reasoning subtest with the Riding & Cheema (1991) Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA). There was an additional inclusion of graphics to the structured instructional format, as an independent variable. A total of 45 participants attended workshops to learn how to write PASCAL programs. All of the participants completed the CSA and their CSA‐ratio was used to select pairs of similar CSA‐ratios. One participant from each pair was given a text‐only instructional booklet, while the other was given a text‐plus‐graphics instructional booklet. The treatment groups were controlled for instructional format (text‐only/text‐plus‐graphics) and cognitive style. The independent variables were used to test for their effect on learning abstract computer programming concepts. It was found that the Verbal‐Imagery cognitive style and instructional treatment interacted in their effect on the performance‐difference scores. The Novice‐Verbal programmers performed best with a text‐plus‐graphics instructional format, performing significantly better than the Novice‐Imagers’ subgroups using the same text‐plus‐graphics material. Conversely, the Novice‐Imagers participants performed better with the material. However, the Experienced‐Imagery participants performed better with the text‐plus‐graphics instructional material than the Experienced‐Verbalisers. Overall, the Verbalisers’ worst performance occurred with the text‐only materials, while their best performance occurred with the text‐plus‐graphics material. This pilot experiment suggests that learning performance is affected by an interaction of cognitive style and instructional format. However, this interaction was contrary to expectations (Riding & Douglas, 1993), with Verbalisers performing best with text‐plus‐graphics instructional material and Novice‐Imagers performing best with text‐only instructional material. 相似文献
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图学和美学作为工程建模的重要组成部分,不仅是模型建立的基础,也是提升学生审美能力的关键。审美情趣的提高,使学生感受到图形美的存在,图形美的力量会促进学生对工程图形建模完美程度的要求,提高图形设计和建模能力。以工程建模中图学和美学的一般概念为切入点,分别从工程制图中的图形美学、工程建模中的图学美学以及融合大图学与智能计算的智能建模图学美学等方面,阐述了工程制图和工程建模中图学和美学的表现形式,展望了智能建模的发展前景。基于图学美学的工程建模课程教学,提出基本要求和教学实施方式。结合图学和美学,对新时代工程图学和建模的教育教学进行了思考。 相似文献
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Hsin Ning Jessie Ho Meng-Jung Tsai Ching-Yeh Wang Chin-Chung Tsai 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,12(3):525-554
This study employed eye-tracking technology to examine how students with different levels of prior knowledge process text and data diagrams when reading a web-based scientific report. Students’ visual behaviors were tracked and recorded when they read a report demonstrating the relationship between the greenhouse effect and global climate change in 2 diagrams and 4 textual sections. Based on the pretest scores, 13 participants were categorized into high and low prior knowledge (PK) groups. Eye-tracking measures including the total reading time, total fixation duration, and total regression number on each area of interest of the 2 groups were compared. A heat map was further used to show the overall visual distribution of each group. In addition, the inter-scanning transitions between the textual and graphical information of the 2 groups were compared and further confirmed by the patterns of the scan paths. The results revealed that overall students spent more time reading the textual than the graphical information. The high PK students showed longer fixation durations and more regressions on the graphics than the low PK students. Meanwhile, the high PK students showed more inter-scanning transitions than the low PK students not only between the text and graphics but also between the 2 data diagrams. This suggests that the high PK students were more able to integrate text and graphic information and inspect scientific data which is essential for online inquiry learning. This study provides eye-tracking evidence to show that low PK students have difficulties integrating scientific diagrams with expository texts and inspecting scientific data diagrams that are commonly shown in websites. Suggestions are made for future studies and instructional design for online inquiry-based science learning. 相似文献
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Motor skill (“how-to” knowledge) consolidation is enhanced when individuals with ADHD practice at evening. We tested, in adults with and without ADHD, whether evening lessons are advantageous for recalling texts (declarative memory). Participants (N = 40) listened to and read narrative texts in morning and evening lessons (crossover study). Recall was tested immediately post-lesson and 24 h and 8–10 days later. Recall tended to decrease over time but independently of ADHD status or the time-of-day of the lesson. Nevertheless, typical participants showed a morning advantage immediately post-lesson and in later recall, correlated with stronger morning chronotype. In contrast, participants with ADHD benefited more from evening lessons; nearer their preferred time-of-day. In adults with ADHD long-term declarative memory was no less durable than in typical adults after both morning and evening lessons, but a mismatch with their preferred diurnal “on-peak” time can lead to less effective engagement in learning during morning lessons. 相似文献
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Words to Sleep On: Naps Facilitate Verb Generalization in Habitually and Nonhabitually Napping Preschoolers 
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下载免费PDF全文 A nap soon after encoding leads to better learning in infancy. However, whether napping plays the same role in preschoolers' learning is unclear. In Experiment 1 (N = 39), 3‐year‐old habitual and nonhabitual nappers learned novel verbs before a nap or a period of wakefulness and received a generalization test examining word extension to novel actors after 24 hr. Only habitual and nonhabitual nappers who napped after learning generalized 24 hr later. In Experiment 2 (N = 40), children learned the same verbs but were tested within 2–3 min of training. Here, habitual and nonhabitual nappers retained the mappings but did not generalize. The results suggest that naps consolidate weak learning that habitual and nonhabitual nappers would otherwise forget over periods of wakefulness. 相似文献
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基于Photoshop图库的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陶立方 《金华职业技术学院学报》2005,5(2):29-31,41
插图是科技期刊的重要组成部分，一幅合乎规范和出版要求的插图需要花费编辑许多时间和精力。许多已处理过的图稿，只要稍作修改就可以生成目标图，把这些图稿进行整理、保存，就能作为图库的必要组成部分；许多目标图只是几个简单图形的组合。可以把这些简单图形独立为图库的基本图元。分析了目标图的基本结构，提出了建立基于Photoshop下图库的基本方法：首先是基本图库的建立，然后把实际工作中处理过的图形作为图库的扩充元，使图库不断得到扩展：同时提出了几种切实可行的利用图库资源生成目标图的基本方法。 相似文献
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Morris Gellisch Oliver T. Wolf Nina Minkley Wolfgang H. Kirchner Martin Brüne Beate Brand-Saberi 《Anatomical sciences education》2022,15(5):811-826
To examine the implications of the transition from face-to-face to online learning from a psychobiological perspective, this study investigated potential differences in physiological stress parameters of students engaged in online or face-to-face learning and determined whether these can be identified as possible mediators between learning experience and achievement emotions. In a randomized experimental field study, medical students (n = 82) attended either regular face-to-face classes of the microscopic anatomy course or the same practical course online using Zoom videoconferencing platform. The present study investigated Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol concentration as stress correlates, within the contexts of online and face-to-face learning and compared these parameters with a control group that was measured at rest. Additionally, participants completed a standardized questionnaire about their experienced emotions in relation to task achievement and subjective stress levels. A significant reduction in HRV was found in face-to-face learning, suggesting stronger stress responses in the face-to-face learning environment (η2 = 0.421, P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants engaged in face-to-face learning showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations (η2 = 0.115, P = 0.032). Additionally, increased sympathetic activation correlated with the discrete positive emotion of enjoyment exclusively within the face-to-face condition (r = 0.365, P = 0.043). These results indicate that the transfer of a face-to-face practical course in microscopic anatomy to an online learning environment is associated with decreased sympathetic and enhanced vagal cardiovascular influences, together with lower cortisol concentrations in healthy medical students. 相似文献
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In two experiments it was investigated how drawing as a monitoring task affects self-regulated learning and cognitive load. To this end, participants (Exp. 1: N = 73, Exp. 2: N = 69) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the experimental condition, students were asked to read an expository text on the formation of polar lights consisting of five paragraphs, whereby, after each paragraph, they had to create a drawing of the text's content. In the control condition, students read the same text, but performed no drawing task. In both conditions, students had to give judgments of learning (JoLs) after each paragraph and after reading the whole text as well as rate their cognitive load. Then, they were asked to select paragraphs for restudy. In Experiment 1, participants continued with an assessment of their learning outcomes immediately after their restudy selection, whereas in Experiment 2 they were first given the opportunity to actually restudy the selected paragraphs before working on the posttest. Results of both experiments indicate that JoLs rather than cognitive load predicted posttest performance. Moreover, students in the drawing condition compared with the control condition exhibited more accurate (relative) monitoring in Experiment 1 in that their JoLs were more strongly related to performance. Moreover, JoLs predicted students' restudy decisions in both experiments; however, this effect was by-and-large independent of whether they had to draw. Overall, results hint towards the potential of drawing to support metacognitive monitoring. 相似文献
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远程学习材料的分类设计与整合效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丁兴富 《现代远程教育研究》2010,(3):32-37
远程教育课程资源建设的核心和关键是远程学习材料的设计与开发。进入网络时代．远程学习材料的种类、结构和功能都发生了重大的发展和创新。网络远程教育呈现两种形态．分别以专司远程教育院校机构和传统院校为代表。历史发展中远程学习呈现了函授学习、开放远程学习、网络远程学习、网络辅助学习、混合学习和在线课程学习等6种形态,学习材料根据所承载的技术媒体的差异分为印刷、广播、电视、计算机课件、互联网与全球网资源、网络教学平台与网络课程、移动学习材料等7种类型。远程学习材料的设计与开发者应根据各类远程学习材料独特的优势和特点进行分类设计与开发,应充分考虑远程学习材料中学习活动的设计和评价设计,因为这两类设计最能体现各类远程学习材料的整合效应。 相似文献
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Three experiments were conducted to study on a more fine-grained level how processing a picture facilitates learning from text. In Experiment 1 (N = 85), results from a drawing task revealed that the global spatial structure of a pulley system picture was extracted even from its brief inspection (for 600 ms, 2 s). In Experiment 2 (N = 105), students who initially inspected the pulley system picture (for 600 ms, 2 s, or self-paced) had better comprehension of the system's functions and made more eye movements in line with the system's global spatial structure when listening to text than students who listened to text only. In Experiment 3 (N = 39), students who first saw the picture (for 2 s) processed written text of the pulley system's spatial structure more efficiently than students who read text only. Results suggest that global spatial information extracted from the picture was used as a mental scaffold to facilitate mental model construction. 相似文献
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李建设 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,31(6):146-147
创意作为一种特殊的思维方式在图形语言表达形式中具有突出的作用,创意图形在图形视觉心理的传达方面有着较强的传播优势。正是由于人的视觉心理所惯有的对新形态猎奇的本能和天性,使得创意图形给人以新颖、独特且又耐人寻味的审美体验。创意图形在图形视觉心理主要表现在视知觉感应、视觉心里接受等几个方面,研究创意图形的图形视觉心理传达优势的目的旨在丰富图形设计的表达语言及其设计手法。 相似文献
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Bruce Wainman Akanksha Aggarwal Sapriya K. Birk Jaskaran S. Gill Katrina S. Hass Barbara Fenesi 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(6):788-798
The novelty of three-dimensional visualization technology (3DVT), such as virtual reality (VR), has captured the interest of many educational institutions. This study’s objectives were to (1) assess how VR and physical models impact anatomy learning, (2) determine the effect of visuospatial ability on anatomy learning from VR and physical models, and (3) evaluate the impact of a VR familiarization phase on learning. This within-subjects, crossover study recruited 78 undergraduate students who studied anatomical structures at both physical and VR models and were tested on their knowledge immediately and 48 hours after learning. There were no significant differences in test scores between the two modalities on both testing days. After grouping participants on visuospatial ability, low visuospatial ability learners performed significantly worse on anatomy knowledge tests compared to their high visuospatial ability counterparts when learning from VR immediately (P = 0.001, d = 1.515) and over the long-term (P = 0.003, d = 1.279). In contrast, both low and high visuospatial ability groups performed similarly well when learning from the physical model and tested immediately after learning (P = 0.067) and over the long-term (P = 0.107). These results differ from current literature which indicates that learners with low visuospatial ability are aided by 3DVT. Familiarizing participants with VR before the learning phase had no impact on learning (P = 0.967). This study demonstrated that VR may be detrimental to low visuospatial ability students, whereas physical models may allow all students, regardless of their visuospatial abilities, to learn similarly well. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to investigate whether a programming activity might serve as a learning vehicle for mathematics acquisition in grades four and five. For this purpose, the effects of a programming activity, an essential component of computational thinking, were evaluated on learning outcomes of three mathematical notions: Euclidean division (N = 1,880), additive decomposition (N = 1,763) and fractions (N = 644). Classes were randomly assigned to the programming (with Scratch) and control conditions. Multilevel analyses indicate negative effects (effect size range −0.16 to −0.21) of the programming condition for the three mathematical notions. A potential explanation of these results is the difficulties in the transfer of learning from programming to mathematics. 相似文献
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随着自动编程技术的迅速发展,各种新型数控编程系统不断出现.利用图形编程理论,针对数控线切割机床的加工特点,开发了一种基于二维零件数控加工的TXBCH图形编程系统,重点研究了系统中图素的概念、图素的定义方式和算法,并在此基础上开发出了相应的软件.通过三十多个不同类型零件的图形输入,验证了本文所开发的TXBCH图形编程系统的正确性.解决了中小企业由于费用问题不能购买大型数控编程系统的难题,加快了中小企业的自动化进程. 相似文献