共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《校园英语(教研版)》2014,(30):16-17
Informal group is a term that has its origin in psychology: it is a group of people, not organized by certain rules, who are acquainted with each other spontaneously in a certain environment.The students in a group of this sort are brought together by what they do that is often oriented by their interests and values.This paper tries to explore the features of school informal communities and how this kind of community works from the perspective of community of practice. 相似文献
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《British Educational Research Journal》2006,32(5):687-701
This article presents an analysis of gender identity within the context of lifelong learning. Constructed specifically around individual experiences of occupational apprenticeship in English professional football, it draws on a re‐reading of data collected in the early 1990s to depict the way in which a group of young men were socialised into their new‐found occupational culture and how their identities were shaped by the heavily gendered routines of workplace practice. Framing apprenticeship as a holistic ‘learning’ experience, the article looks at how the legitimate peripheral participation of trainees in an established community of practice facilitated their adaptation to and assimilation of various skills, procedures and institutional norms via informal learning processes. Set against the historical development of apprenticeship in England, the article uses qualitative research findings to determine the extent to which apprenticeship within professional sport might facilitate the reproduction of stereotypical gender norms and values. 相似文献
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Fin Cullen 《Gender and education》2010,22(5):491-504
Over the past decade much has been written by journalists, policy makers, and academics, about young women's leisure time pursuits. A great deal of this interest has focused around a concern that teenage girls in the UK are taking up smoking in larger numbers than their male peers. This paper draws on findings from my small‐scale doctoral research into teenage girls' use of tobacco and alcohol in a town in southern England. I examine young women's use of cigarettes as an informal social currency, and as a way of thinking about such tobacco use beyond the deficit model of the young female smoker common to many drugs education interventions. In this paper I draw upon theoretical material from the social theories of exchange to explore how young women's reciprocal networks of cigarettes operate to underpin friendships and mobilise power within girls' social networks. I explore how smoking as a reciprocal gift‐giving practice supports and maintains friendship groups and particular gendered practices. My argument is that teen girls create and sustain bonds of friendship through their use and exchange of cigarettes. I want to suggest that within the girls' friendship groups, the flow of branded cigarettes as a resource highlights alliances, inter‐group rivalries, and provides space for the production and negotiation of teenage ‘cool’ femininities. 相似文献
4.
Marjolein Dobber Sanne F. Akkerman Nico Verloop Wilfried Admiraal Jan D. Vermunt 《Learning Environments Research》2012,15(3):279-297
It is becoming increasingly important for teachers to collaborate. Teacher community is found to be a fruitful notion when thinking about improving collaboration. Teachers can be prepared for working in such communities during teacher education. We examined how the practice of collaboration within different types of groups in teacher education can be optimised, aiming at an improvement in the shared domain, group identity and shared interactional repertoire of these groups. We included four types of groups: subject matter groups, research groups, mentor groups and reflection groups. Focus groups with teacher educators, student teachers and community experts were conducted to gather ideas for the improvement of the institutional design for community development. Combining these ideas with the research literature, we formulated a list of design principles for each of the types of groups. In conversations with teacher educators, the viability of these principles was reviewed, resulting in particular sets of design principles for each group. These sets consist of principles which are already used within the groups, as well as principles that are completely new to the groups. The design arrangement for the mentor group consists of the largest number of design principles, while the smallest number of principles are applicable to the research group. The procedure used in this study can serve as an example of how to create a design aimed at the development of student teacher groups as social and collaborative learning environments. 相似文献
5.
Brian Lewthwaite Thomas Owen Ashley Doiron Barbara McMillan Robert Renaud 《Interchange》2013,44(1-2):105-128
In this study, First Nation community members in Canada’s Yukon Territory share their stories about teaching and learning, both in informal and formal settings, in an effort to identify practices that might serve teachers to be more responsive to their First Nation students. In all, 52 community members between the ages of 15 and 82 shared their stories and assisted in identifying eight categories of practice and thought associated with effective teaching practices for this First Nation. Based upon these categories of thought and practice, we present a pedagogical framework for teachers and, finally, illustrate how this profile and the stories about teaching and learning are being used for adjusting and improving teaching practice in this First Nation. 相似文献
6.
An imperative to develop the social experience of learning has led to the design of informal learning spaces within libraries. Yet little is known about how these spaces are used by students or how students perceive them. Field work in one such space is reported. The general private study practice of undergraduates was captured through audio diaries, while activity in the learning space was directly observed, and students provided reflective perspectives in focus groups and through spot conversations. Results suggest such spaces are popular and yet stimulate limited group work. Yet other, less intense, forms of productive collaboration did occur and a taxonomy of four such types of encounter is offered. Of particular importance to students was access to a ‘social ambience’ for study. The results encourage institutions to design for a mixed economy of student choice over learning spaces and to consider modes of encouraging diversity in their use. 相似文献
7.
Nora E. Hyland 《Teaching Education》2013,24(4):385-401
This paper examines the ways that one group of US pre‐service teachers, enrolled in an alternate route teacher education class, expressed and challenged each other’s contradictory discourses about teaching for social justice. Particularly significant are the many ways that this group of students enacted subject positions around race and sexuality as various combinations of African American, White, gay, straight, lesbian, Christian, and as members of this class. Epiphanic moments about race and sexual orientation are examined to illuminate the ways that subject positions were contested, reified, or renegotiated in order to preserve a sense of community within the class. This research demonstrates the ways that social justice teacher education differentially positions people who have been historically marginalized and how it can at times reify a hierarchy of marginality. 相似文献
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Malin Wieslander 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(3):308-325
Many organisations declare that the ability for employees to speak out about organisational matters is important for organisational development. However, recent literature reports a widespread fear of retaliation among employees if they express themselves – especially within the police. The point of departure of the present article is the tension and discrepancy between official policy and officers’ accounts of the conversational climate within the police. Through empirical examples from data consisting of field studies and 33 interviews with police officers in subordinate ranks, this article describes how employees learn and reproduce informal norms that condition the conversational and working climate within the organisation. In contrast to official guidelines within the police, employees learn the informal cultural norms of keeping a low profile and remaining silent through everyday talk. Theories that stress how discourses, storytelling, and noisy silences accomplish social action are used to explain why these informal norms are given such power within an institutional setting. 相似文献
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朱燕娟 《江苏广播电视大学学报》2011,22(3):34-37
网络环境下的非正式学习是当前终身学习社会的战略主题,网络实践共同体是其重要载体和组织形式,它是非正式学习的典型形式。它具有高效的信息分享、知识创造、平台稳定、资源重用等学习特征。非正式学习通常经历萌芽期、发展期、成熟期和管理期四个循环发展阶段。 相似文献
13.
Bella Wheeler 《Ethnography and Education》2018,13(3):359-376
ABSTRACTThis article describes a year-long participatory arts project carried out as part of a community–university partnership in the South of England. The research sought to examine the relationship between the ‘user-led’ ethos of the Brighton Unemployed Centre Families Project (BUCFP) and emergence within it of creatively working and self-managing groups, examining how an environment that did not adhere to a prescribed use of space might enable groups to make sense of their experiences. The research used ethnographic methods and a theoretical framework informed by systems theory, critical health psychology and narrative analysis to explore the group’s experiences of food poverty. The research demonstrates ways in which the group provided community members with a space in which to examine, define and make legitimate their experiences and how this can be thought of as an educational and community knowledge-building practice that has important implications, particularly for notions of well-being. 相似文献
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《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5):419-428
Shared governance plays an important role in institutional decision making. The extent to which faculty are involved in governance, though, has largely been ignored within community colleges. The current study was designed to profile faculty governance units, such as senates, in community, junior, and technical colleges in order to initiate a constructive dialogue about how best to build structures that allow faculty input into decision making. An exploratory survey of faculty governance in community colleges was mailed to a apurposive national sample of community colleges to provide geographic representation. Findings reveal that governance bodies are less common that perhaps previously thought, and that these structures tend to be more informal than in their 4-year college counterparts. 相似文献
15.
胡旺春 《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2012,27(4):121-124
非正式组织是相对企业正式组织的一个松散的没有正式规定的群体.非正式组织是员工为满足社会的需要而自发形成的,它内生于企业组织,并对企业组织施加了重要的影响,加强对非正式组织的管理对强化员工的政治思想工作有着重要意义. 相似文献
16.
Bunthida Chunngam Sumalee Chanchalor Elizabeth Murphy 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2014,45(5):863-879
This paper reports on a study involving the design of a virtual community for informal learning about Thai herbs. The community relied on social networking tools and a database of expert knowledge as well as community coordinators. One group of coordinators (Community A) concentrated efforts in recruitment of members on those individuals most likely to be interested in Thai herbs. The second group of coordinators (Community B) recruited from among friends, family and acquaintances. Analysis and t‐tests of measurement of membership, participation and knowledge building revealed higher rates for Community A. Results pertaining to the design of the virtual community, which showed that members mostly used the database, provide evidence to support the hypothesis that members' access to expert knowledge positively influences participation and knowledge building in a virtual community for informal learning. Results of the comparison of Community A versus Community B provide evidence to support the hypothesis that interest in the subject of the community positively influences membership, participation and knowledge building in a virtual community for informal learning. 相似文献
17.
Taryn VanderPyl 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2018,29(3):456-475
This case study was conducted to evaluate the experience of students in one university course about juvenile justice and one community partnership working together to create a unique learning experience for two very distinct groups of young adults. One of the groups involved justice-involved young men and their parole officers; the other group involved college students enrolled in the course. University students learned civic engagement is not charity, but rather it is working alongside a community partner toward a joint goal. All participants disrupted the “othering” that commonly exists between two such disparate groups. Finally, the community participants gained hope through experiencing a college course firsthand and being able to see themselves as college students. The success of this collaboration was demonstrated thoroughly through informal feedback, formal reflections, course evaluations, and participant observation. 相似文献
18.
《Teaching and Teacher Education》2000,16(7):731-747
In this paper, the authors analyze their experiences in using storytelling about teaching to prepare second-career teacher candidates. Cases of two program participants are developed to show how personal experiences, rather than multicultural program ideals, became instantiated as guides for teaching practice. The authors show how prospective teachers developed a speech community in which they clarified their individual paths to school success and attempted to transport these understandings to instructing students of color who were struggling in school. For analyses, the authors draw on ideas about how people work in differing social groups with particular discourses that support group cohesiveness and ideals. Implications for teacher education using narrative as a vehicle for critical reflection are presented. 相似文献
19.
Gisela Cebrián 《Environmental Education Research》2018,24(2):153-171
This paper presents an evidence-based model (the I3E model) for embedding education for sustainability (EfS) within a higher education institution. This model emerged from a doctoral research that examined organisational learning and change processes at the University of Southampton to build EfS into the university curriculum. The researcher aimed to learn from real practice through acting as a facilitator for curriculum development in EfS within an interdisciplinary group of academic staff members. A critical friend position was also acquired within a community of practice to implement a programme which attempted to embed sustainability within the student experience. The I3E model identifies four overarching components that can support universities in their aim to embed EfS within the undergraduate curriculum. These integrated components are: Inform the university community about sustainability; Engage the different university stakeholders in the change process towards sustainability; Empower individuals and groups to make change happen within their sphere of influence and action; and Embed sustainability within existing university structures. 相似文献