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1.
Meng-chun Liu 《Research Policy》2012,41(6):1107-1120
China has become a hot spot of R&D internationalization and a growing number of Taiwan-based firms have indeed set up R&D units in China. Taking into account China's substantial regional variations in economic development, innovation capacity, and knowledge productivity, such notions as regional innovation system (RIS) and local innovative milieu may become more relevant to the study on relationships between China and its inward R&D internationalization. Therefore, the key issue for this paper is what locational advantages of an RIS within a host country affect the network linkages and networking strategy of multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) offshore R&D units. The paper aims to enrich the current understanding of R&D internationalization in several ways. First, the paper attempts to examine the R&D networking underlying R&D internationalization by Taiwan-based firms in China, with particular reference to the sub-national level inside China. Second, the paper tries to establish a link between the literature of R&D internationalization and that of RIS, with a modified version of Dunning's eclectic paradigm. Efforts are made to map the relationship between foreign subsidiaries’ local R&D networks and their host RISs inside China. Third, the paper takes advantage of a government databank to adopt a quantitative approach, the Seemingly Unrelated Bivariate Probit Regression model, with foreign subsidiaries as the unit of analysis, to highlight the role played by some aspects of the RIS in determining the local R&D networking of Taiwanese subsidiaries in China. Our evident shows that MNCs’ offshore R&D units that purse home-based technology exploitation strategy, the mainstream strategy regarding the developing host country, tend to be located in a host region with a strong knowledge application and exploitation subsystem, while an RIS with a strong knowledge generation and diffusion subsystem, within such a developing country as China, may induce MNCs’ local R&D units to pursue home-base technology augmenting strategy. On balance, not only the location choice but also the local R&D linkages of MNCs’ offshore subsidiaries are related to appropriate fits between the RIS and the subsidiaries’ innovation network inside the host country. 相似文献
2.
国际化已成为新兴经济体国家实现创新追赶的重要战略选择。本文利用2014-2016年879家高新技术企业相关数据,针对企业多种国际化行为对创新绩效的影响进行理论分析与实证检验。并突破传统资源观和学习观,验证企业吸收能力在国际化行为与创新绩效间的中介作用及研发投入的调节作用。结果表明：1.国际化行为显著促进企业创新绩效提升,其中海外人才促进效果最强,海外出口次之,海外研发最弱。2.企业吸收能力在部分国际化行为与创新绩效间存在中介作用。3.研发投入在不同国际化行为与吸收能力间均存在调节作用,效果不同。 相似文献
3.
Shin-Horng Chen 《Research Policy》2004,33(2):337-349
Although it is evident that technology is becoming increasingly globalized, resulting in the expansion of R&D internationalization by firms, despite this discernible trend, the substantial body of literature in this area is based mainly on the experience of the developed country. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of this issue by examining the R&D internationalization of a newly-industrializing country, Taiwan being a prime example, and its connection with the global production network. We begin with an examination of the literature on R&D internationalization and globalization, based upon which we propose a conceptual framework adapted from Dunning’s eclectic paradigm. In doing so, we set out to develop arguments based not only on the reasons why cross-strait R&D internationalization may be undertaken by Taiwanese information technology (IT) firms, but also the likely patterns of their R&D portfolios across the strait. Drawing on an original questionnaire survey and firm-level interviews, the paper presents and discusses empirical data on the cross-strait R&D deployment of Taiwanese IT firms. It then goes a stage further, using the ‘smiling curve’, to put forward a ‘holistic’ view of the cross-border innovation network in the IT hardware industry, in order to determine what cross-strait R&D internationalization means to the global production network. 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》1999,28(2-3):275-302
Based on a questionnaire survey of large corporations in Japan and Sweden, representing chemical, electronic and mechanical engineering sectors, this paper probes three research issues: (1) the level, pace and possible nation-specific mode of internationalization of R&D, (2) the relative roles of demand and supply side factors, and (3) the possible internationalization of industry–university collaborations. The results show a general growth of international R&D across sectors and countries and a particular Japanese mode of internationalization of R&D with a high pace although starting from lower levels, a strong supply-led component, and a strong emphasis on collaborations with US universities. The concept of psychic distance was found to be of limited relevance as an explanatory concept. The paper argues that due to, e.g., technology diversification and emerging technology market conditions, internationalization of R&D will in general become increasingly supply-led, and as industry–university collaborations internationalize, competitive US universities will become increasingly important and internationalize themselves, some conceivably becoming genuine multinational universities. 相似文献
5.
As the influences of science and technology on its national economy have increased, each country has devised various funding programs for research and development (R&D) projects. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of such R&D projects. In most studies, the performances were measured in terms of an ordinal Likert scale, but they were treated as continuous variables. Much important information can be buried when a categorical Likert scale is treated as continuous variable. In this paper, we treat Likert scales as categorical and apply quantification method II to analyze the relationship between short- to mid-term performance factors and long-term impact factor of R&D projects. We apply the proposed approach to the survey data obtained from the Science and Technology Promotion Fund in Korea. The results of this paper are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of R&D funding. 相似文献
6.
This article examines the effects of R&D internationalization and organizational slack on innovation performance. We suggest that there is an S-shaped relationship between R&D internationalization and innovation performance. Innovation performance increases in the decentralization stage, decreases in the transition stage, and increases again in the recentralization stage. In addition, organizational slack is hypothesized to have a negative moderating effect on the S-shaped relationship. Longitudinal data on 210 Taiwanese firms in the information technology sector during a 10-year period is collected to test the hypotheses. The findings support our prediction. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
7.
本文围绕“设立海外研发中心与母公司创新绩效”的关系展开理论研究,认为海外研发中心的设立,是新兴市场国家企业在国际化战略中追赶发达国家企业的重要方式,并对于母公司创新绩效存在正向影响。在此基础上建立固定效应模型进行实证分析,选取汽车行业作为研究对象,结果证明：海外研发中心能够更好地将获取的国际资源转化为专利数量为代表的母公司创新绩效,但对专利质量为代表的母公司创新绩效的作用效果有所不同;国有控股企业因国内政策支持反而会受到东道国的某些限制,从而抑制母公司创新绩效的提升;当企业自身能力较弱,无法独立建立海外研发中心时,企业可以采用并购海外技术先进型企业并在并购企业所在地建立研发中心的方式达到事半功倍的效果。在此基础上,本文从企业层面和政府层面提出我国汽车制造业进一步创新发展的路径。 相似文献
8.
我国企业技术创新国际化战略框架和战略途径研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
20世纪九十年代以来，国外的企业，特别是跨国公司明显加快了技术创新国际化的进程，国外学术界对技术创新国际化的问题也给予了更多的关注。但是目前我国对技术创新国际化和技术创新国际化战略问题的研究很不足，我国企业对于技术创新国际化的了解不够深入，对于如何实施和开展技术创新国际化，缺乏必要的经验和指导。本文回顾了国外学者对技术创新国际化问题的研究，调查分析了我国企业技术创新国际化活动的实际情况后，提出了一个针对企业技术创新国际化的战略框架，并就我国不同规模和实力的企业，给出了如何实施技术创新国际化的四种不同的战略途径，这个技术创新国际化战略框架和四个战略途径对我国企业开展技术创新国际化活动具有指导意义。 相似文献
9.
10.
现有研究在探讨企业R&D投入与创新绩效之间的关系时,忽略了技术获取模式在其中的调节作用。本文以企业技术获取模式为调节变量,提出了R&D投入、技术来源、国外技术引进方式和企业创新绩效的理论模型,并结合浙江高技术企业的问卷调查结果,采用分组回归方法进行实证分析。研究发现:企业R&D投入与创新绩效显著正相关;以自主研发作为企业主要技术来源,以及以购买技术资料或专利作为引进国外技术的主要方式,对企业R&D投入与创新绩效的关系起正向调节作用;以合作研发为主要技术来源,以及以购买设备、购买样品、聘请国外技术人员等为引进国外技术主要方式,对企业R&D投入与创新绩效的关系起反向调节作用。 相似文献
11.
Sources of innovation and industry-university interaction: Evidence from Spanish firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper we use a sample of Spanish innovative firms to identify the determinants of R&D cooperation agreements between five types of partners: firms that belong to the same group; customers and suppliers; competitors; universities; public research centres. We focus on the determinants of R&D cooperation between innovative firms and universities. We used the Spanish version of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS-3) to obtain data about the R&D cooperation of 4150 innovative firms in Spain. To obtain empirical evidence about the determinants of this cooperation, we adopted an integrated approach that enables us to compare the effects of sectorial and individual determinants on the choice of partners. Our results show that a firm's cooperation activities are closely linked to the characteristics of the industry and the characteristics of the firm. These include R&D intensity, size, whether the firm belongs to a group, product and process innovation, and access to public funds for R&D activities. Internal R&D and agreements with customers, suppliers and competitor partners also increase firm's propensity for R&D cooperation with universities. 相似文献
12.
Jan Hendrik Fisch 《Research Policy》2003,32(8):1381-1396
This paper presents a new communication-economic network model to predict the allocation of R&D activities in MNCs. While traditional models examine the influencing factors of R&D internationalization separately for each country and come to a one-dimensional result, this multi-dimensional approach integrates the influencing factors in a way that allows to identify an efficient configuration of the entire R&D subsystem in many countries at a time. It captures the information flows and employs a genetic algorithm to find a dispersion of R&D activities in which the problems of international communication have the least negative impact. The model is tested with data from seven MNCs covering a range of 48 countries as potential R&D locations. 相似文献
13.
《Research Policy》1999,28(2-3):251-274
Large multinational firms are the drivers for the globalization of R&D and innovation activities. There was a strong movement to establish a transnational configuration of R&D between 1985 and 1995. In recent years, however, R&D strategies and international location decisions have changed substantially. This paper is based on an in-depth analysis of R&D internationalization in 21 large corporations in Europe, Japan and the US. Our findings suggest that transnational corporations have tended to consolidate and streamline their organizations since the mid-1990s. Distributed R&D activities and globally-dispersed innovation processes have resulted in overly complex and unmanageable organizational architectures. This has induced firms to search for `leaner' and more effective types of managing their international portfolio of innovation activities. We learned that the spatial distribution of learning and R&D performing activities is something different than the spatial distribution of coordination and control. Many companies in our sample have adapted a strategy of multiple centers of learning with one dominant center of coordination. A framework is developed to serve as a basis for analyzing different patterns of internationalization of R&D and innovation, and for assessing the appropriate mechanisms to coordinate and control an international network of technological competence centers. 相似文献
14.
Bo Carlsson 《Research Policy》2006,35(1):56-67
While there is a large literature on the internationalization of economic activity (including R&D) at the corporate level, there are not many studies of the degree of internationalization of innovation systems. The few studies that exist show that national innovation systems are becoming internationalized, even if the institutions that support them remain country-specific. To the extent that the far more numerous studies of internationalization of corporate R&D discuss innovation systems at all, they point to the continued importance of national institutions to support innovative activity, even though that activity is itself becoming increasingly internationalized. 相似文献
15.
We examine the determinants of firms’ innovation success, using the firm-level data from the Japanese National Innovation Survey. We focus on the relationship between organizational and human resource management practices for research and development (R&D) and product/process innovation. We find that interdivisional cooperation/teams and the creation/relocation/integration of R&D centers are positively associated with both product and process innovation. Having board members with an R&D background is positively associated with product innovation, implying that top-down R&D decision-making may be important for firms to introduce new products. Among the factors examined, personnel assessment reflecting R&D outcomes appears to have an especially strong relationship with product innovation. Moreover, the positive relationship between the creation/relocation/integration of R&D centers and innovation success suggests that drastic organizational changes can work as a clear signal of firms’ determination to pursue an innovation-oriented strategy and help to accelerate innovation success. 相似文献
16.
We investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation on innovation activities in three German regions. We begin by estimating the knowledge-production function in order to test for interregional difference with regard to the efficiency of innovation activities. In a second step, we analyze the contribution of spillovers from R&D effort of other private firms and of public research institutions to explain these differences. The inclusion of variables for R&D cooperation in the model indicates that R&D cooperation is only of relatively minor importance as a medium for knowledge spillover. 相似文献
17.
以2007至2017年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象，本文考察了开发支出资本化对企业创新的影响。，实证结果研究发现，开发支出资本化比例与企业创新呈倒U型关系。且结论在稳健性检验之后依然成立。表明：当开发支出资本化比例低于临界值时，由于抑制了管理层通过削减研发投资以实现盈余目标的动机得到抑制，从而促进企业创新；当开发支出资本化比例高于临界值时，促使管理层基于声誉风险管理层为避免将已资本化金额转为费用对当期盈余造成的负面冲击，进行过度研发投资，从而阻碍企业创新。说明不同开发支出资本化比例下，管理层研发投资不同动机对企业创新产生非线性影响。结论在稳健性检验之后依然成立。进一步分析还发现：，开发支出资本化通过研发投资效率作用于企业创新，而且管理层面临的盈余公告压力越大，开发支出资本化对企业创新的非线性影响更为显著。资本化通过非效率研发投资，作用于企业创新；盈余公告压力越大，资本化与企业创新之间的倒U型关系越明显。 相似文献
18.
This paper establishes an impact factor model among government R&D input, enterprise R&D input and IPRP in China. It uses data from 1992 to 2012 for regression analysis and finds that government R&D input in enterprises, institutions and universities has a leverage effect on enterprise R&D input, although the leverage effect caused by government R&D input in universities is not prominent, and proper IPRP can promote Chinese enterprise R&D input. The further Granger causality test shows that IPRP produced structural changes in Chinese enterprise R&D input in approximately 2002, and its leverage effect reached 0.147, which is double the previous effect and exceeds the leverage effect caused by government R&D in institutions and in universities. The findings verify that IPRP is the source of power for promoting Chinese enterprises’ technology innovation. 相似文献
19.
《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2023,7(1):47-67
In recent decades, with the rapid development of the knowledge economy and science, countries have embraced technical innovation and have gradually increased investment in research and development (R&D). A vast literature indicates that the relationship between R&D and firm performance is highly complex. The evidence suggests that R&D positively influences firm performance, yet findings on the process by which this happens are mixed. Rigorous analyses are required on how R&D investments affect energy consumption. This study explores the impact of R&D investment on the performance and energy consumption of 476 firms in Ethiopia by employing a combination of fixed-effect, propensity score matching, and endogenous treatment effect estimation methods. The empirical results reveal that investment in R&D positively influences both innovation and long-term financial performance but negatively impacts short-term financial performance and energy consumption. The results also show that the impacts of R&D activities vary significantly across different categories of firms, confirming that heterogeneity may be an issue among the firms considered. The results also indicate that the availability of credit is a more important moderating factor in the relationship between R&D investment and firm performance than the legal system is. These results have important implications for firms with growing R&D operations, especially those in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Ethiopian firms should invest more in R&D activities, such as in fundamental and applied research, to improve performance and enhance competitiveness. 相似文献
20.
《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2021,5(3):113-126
This study investigates the nonlinear relationship between R&D expenditures, innovation, productivity, high-tech export products. Previous empirical research used linear standard structures to deal with these kinds of specifications, and it has shown that the linearity is frequently conditioned by other macroeconomic factors such as the level of development and the financial openness. Based on these arguments, our study investigates this question in econometric specification using panel smooth threshold regression methodology proposed by Gonzalez et al. in 2005. Our findings suggest that there is a threshold effect within the links between R&D expenditures, innovation, and productivity. The effect of R&D expenditures, innovation, productivity, and medium and high technology product exports is mixed. However, both positive and negative effects are found, depending on which innovation indicators are used or on which level of threshold variable is the most appropriate. The results advocate that the level of economic development can be considered as target indicators to conduct an innovation policy. 相似文献