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ＤＮＡ疫苗是指通过将目的基因克隆于真核表达载体后直接注入机体 ,表达相应抗原 ,诱导免疫应答。1990年Ｗｏｌｆｆ在做小白鼠基因治疗试验时偶然发现 ,将编码有蛋白抗原的质粒ＤＮＡ直接导入动物细胞中 ,能在动物细胞内表达外源抗原 ,诱导机体产生特异的细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应 ,称之为ＤＮＡ免疫或基因免疫。此后 ,ＤＮＡ疫苗受到了广泛关注并得到了迅速发展。 1992年Ｔａｎｇ等首次报道了质粒ＤＮＡ疫苗在小鼠体内引发免疫原性 ;1993年Ｕｌｍｅｒ等首次报道了肌肉注射质粒ＤＮＡ可保护小鼠抵抗流感和疟疾。1994年在日内瓦召开的专门… 相似文献
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1抗原与过敏原抗原是能与机体中相应克隆的淋巴细胞上的独特抗原受体发生特异性结合,从而诱导该淋巴细胞发生免疫应答,并能与相应的免疫反应物质在体内外发生特异性结合反应的一类物质。抗原一般应具有免疫原性和反应原性两个特性。前者指刺激机体发生免疫应答能力的特性,习惯上又称抗原性;后者则指具有与免疫反应的产物(如相应的抗体)发生相互反应的特性。凡同时具备上述两个特性的抗原称完全抗原,如大多数蛋白质、细菌细胞、细菌外毒素、病毒和动物血清等。只具有反应原性而无免疫原性的物质,称为半抗原或不完全抗原。有些分子量小于4000… 相似文献
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在现代医疗中 ,输血作为救治病人的一种手段越来越受到人们的重视 .但是 ,输血有时又会带来一定的负面影响 ,比如给多次接受过输血的病人 (如再障、白血病、重型地中海贫血患者 )或有过几次妊娠史的病人再次或多次输入红细胞血型相同的血液就可能发生非溶血性输血反应 ,最主要是发热反应 .它的发生与HLA抗原不相容所导致的排斥反应有关 .此种排斥反应本质上是一种同种免疫反应 ,它是由细胞表面的同种异型抗原诱导的 .HLA抗原即人类组织相容性抗原主要有两类 :HLAⅠ类抗原 ,其主要分布于体内各种有核细胞表面 ,包括血小板和网织红细胞 (… 相似文献
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血型是根据人体血液的血红细胞中含有的抗原成分来分类的。血型可分为四种:含有A抗原的,就是A型血;含有B抗原的,就是B型血;同时含有A抗原和B抗原的,就是AB型血;既不含有A抗原又不含有B抗原的,就是O型血。万能输血者和万能受血者人类的血液中除含有抗原成 相似文献
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抗原与免疫血清的制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
免疫血清的制备是一项常用的免疫学技术,高效价,高特异性的免疫血清可作为免疫学诊断的试剂(如用于制备免疫标记抗体等),也可供特异性免疫治疗用。免疫血清的效价高低取决于实验动物的免疫反应性及抗原的免疫原性。文章主要介绍免疫血清的制备方法;免疫血清的质量评价;不能获得满意的免疫血清的可能原因及解决办法等。 相似文献
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未来的科学进步将使人类生活发生重大变化杨觉雄译怡然校１９９９年男性普遍使用避孕药丸或避孕注射液。２０００年遗传学的新进展使医生能将基因治疗和免疫治疗相结合找到更有效的治疗癌症的方法。２００１年壁挂一米的平面屏幕可看电视节目和录像带,平时不使用时可展示... 相似文献
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髓系来源的免疫抑制性细胞(Myeloid-derived suppressor cells,MDSC)是一群异质性免疫细胞,在肿瘤发生发展、感染和炎症等疾病进程中扩增,能够明显抑制T细胞的免疫反应。MDSC在机体免疫调节中发挥了独特的作用。本文综述了MDSC的来源、功能和其作为潜在肿瘤免疫治疗靶点的意义。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) was grouped as a class I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1994. A direct relation be-tween H.pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis was demonstrated in 1998 in an experimental animal model (Watanabe et al., 1998). However, the role of H.pylori in human gastric carcinogenesis is sup-ported almost exclusively by epidemiological data and prospective histopathological studies. So far the mechanism of H.pylor… 相似文献
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Objective: To investigate the distribution of H. pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa in patients with H. pylori infection, and the relationship between the distribution and gastric cancer. Methods: Of 112 patients confirmed by pathological study to have chronic superficial gastritis, precancerous changes (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia) and gastric cancer, 28 were H. pylori negative and 84 were H. pylori positive. H. pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The H. pylori positive group, comprised 12 of 22 (50.0%) in the chronic superficial gastritis group, 22 of 25 (88.0%) in the precancerous changes group and 13 of 35 (37.1%) in the gastric cancer group. The positive rates of H. pylori antigens in the cytoplasm progressively increased, respectively at 0.0% (0/12),63.6% (14/22) and 84.6% (11/13) for the same groups (χ2=19.76, P=0.000); H.pylori antigens were located in the mucus layer and above the neck of the mucosal gland in 9 of 12 (75.0%) cases with chronic superficial gastritis, at the neck of the mucosal gland and the isthmus in 12 of 22 (54.5%) cases with precancerous changes, below the isthmus in 9 of 13 (69.2%) cases with gastric cancer (x2=25.30, P=0.000). In the H. pylori negative group, no H.pylori antigen was observed. Conclusion: With the progression of chronic superficial gastritis→precancerous changes→gastric cancer, H. pylori antigens progressively migrated from the outer part to the inner part of the cell, and from the superficial to the deep gastric mucosa. 相似文献
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On dendritic cell-based therapy for cancers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo, had been widely characterized in the last three decades. DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens, allergens and alloantigen. DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues to present the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes. This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Initially, it was assumed that DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses, but now it is evident that DCs also have important roles in innate immunity. These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against various pathological conditions including malignancies. Initially, DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers. Data from these studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago. In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in patients with cancers, although few controlled trials have been conducted in this regard. Because the fundamentals principles of human cancers and animal models of cancers are different, the therapeutic efficacy of the ongoing regime of DC-based therapy in cancer patients is not satisfactory. In this review, we covered the various aspects that should be considered for developing better regime of DC-based therapy for human cancers. 相似文献
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Dendritic cells(DCs),the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo,had been widely characterized in the lastthree decades.DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens,allergens and alloantigen.DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues topresent the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes.This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes.Initially,it was assumedthat DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses,but now it is evident that DCsalso have important roles in innate immunity.These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against variouspathological conditions including malignancies.Initially,DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers.Data fromthese studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago.In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in pati 相似文献
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目的：探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在人乳腺癌和胃癌中的表达及其意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学的方法对64例乳腺癌和55例胃癌组织中的HSP70进行检测。结果：（1）HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌组织中的表达分别为78．13％．61.82％。（2）乳腺癌中HSP70的表达与乳腺癌的病理类型．淋巴结转移情况及年龄未发现显著差异（P〉0．05）。（3）胃癌中HSP70的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移有密切关系（P〈0．05）。结论：HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌中均呈较高水平表达．其中在胃癌中的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、恶性程度有密切关系,HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用。HSP70可能成为乳腺癌，胃癌的诊断指标之一。 相似文献
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N. S. Vasanthi 《Resonance》2006,11(11):48-55
The inability of the body’s immune system to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells allows cancer cells to proliferate
in an uncontrolled manner. Newer strategies are being researched to overcome this immunological tolerance to cancer. Provoking
the body’s immune system to generate vaccines against cancer is emerging as an important type of immunotherapy to treat cancers.
These cancer vaccines, which have fewer side effects, and offer great promise. Many such vaccines have been identified and
several of them are under clinical trials currently. 相似文献
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Sheereen TARANNUM Zarina ARIF Khursheed ALAM 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(1):40-46
Peroxynitrite(ONOO) is a powerful oxidant and nitrosative agent and has in vivo existence.The half life of ONOO at physiological pH is less than 1 s.It can react with nucleic acids,proteins,lipoproteins,saccharides,cardiolipin,etc.,and can modify their native structures.Action of ONOO,synthesized in the authors’ laboratory by a rapid quenched flow process,on structural changes of commercially available RNA was studied by ultraviolet(UV),fluorescence,and agarose gel electrophoresis.Compared to native RNA,the ONOO-modified RNA showed hyperchromicity at 260 nm.Furthermore,the ethidium bromide(EtBr) assisted emission intensities of ONOO-modified RNA samples were found to be lower than the emission intensity of native RNA-EtBr complex.Agarose gel electrophoresis of ONOO-modified RNA showed a gradual decrease in band intensities compared to native RNA,an observation clearly due to the poor intercalation of EtBr with ONOO-modified RNA.Native and ONOO-modified RNA samples were used as an antigen to detect autoantibodies in sera of patients with clinically defined breast cancer.Both direct binding and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) confirmed the prevalence of native and 0.8 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA specific autoantibodies in breast cancer patients.Moreover,the progressive retardation in the mobility of immune complexes formed with native or 0.8 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA and affinity purified immunoglobulin G(IgG) from sera of breast cancer patients supports the findings of the direct binding and inhibition ELISAs.The peroxynitrite treatment to RNA at a higher concentration appears to have damaged or destroyed the typical epitopes on RNA and thus there was a sharp decrease in autoantibodies binding to 1.4 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA.It may be interpreted that cellular nitrosative stress can modify and confer immunogenicity on RNA molecules.Higher concentrations of nitrogen reactive species can be detrimental to RNA.However,the emergence of native as well as 0.8 mmol/L ONOO-modified RNA as a novel antigen/substrate for autoantibodies in breast cancer patients indicates that,in future,these molecules might find a place on the panel of antigens for early diagnosis of breast cancer. 相似文献
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Objective: To investigate the distribution ofH. pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa in patients withH. pylori infection, and the relationship between the distribution and gastric cancer. Methods: Of 112 patients confirmed by pathological
study to have chronic superficial gastritis, precancerous changes (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia or atypical
hyperplasia) and gastric cancer, 28 wereH. pylori negative and 84 wereH. pylori positive.H. pylori antigens in the gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: TheH. pylori positive group, comprised 12 of 22 (50.0%) in the chronic superficial gastritis group, 22 of 25 (88.0%) in the precancerous
changes group and 13 of 35 (37.1%) in the gastric cancer group. The positive rates ofH. pylori antigens in the cytoplasm progressively increased, respectively at 0.0% (0/12), 63.6% (14/22) and 84.6% (11/13) for the same
groups (χ
2=19.76,P=0.000);H. pylori antigens were located in the mucus layer and above the neck of the mucosal gland in 9 of 12 (75.0%) cases with chronic superficial
gastritis, at the neck of the mucosal gland and the isthmus in 12 of 22 (54.5%) cases with precancerous changes, below the
isthmus in 9 of 13 (69.2%) cases with gastric cancer (χ
2=25.30,P=0.000). In theH. pylori negative group, noH. pylori antigen was observed. Conclusion: With the progression of chronic superficial gastritis→precancerous changes→gastric cancer,H. pylori antigens progressively migrated from the outer part to the inner part of the cell, and from the superficial to the deep gastric
mucosa. 相似文献
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[目的]新的大肠癌相关性抗原EID3的基因克隆及其诊断价值研究.[方法]利用大肠癌病人体内血清中所含的对肿瘤抗原产生的特异性抗体筛选睾丸组织cDNA噬菌体表达文库和大肠癌组织cDNA噬菌体表达文库(SEREX),并用RT-PCR技术研究EID3 mRNA在正常组织和大肠癌传代细胞表达.[结果]睾丸组织cDNA噬菌体表达文库筛选得到了可以诱导大肠癌病人抗体免疫应答的新抗原EID3基因(Gen-bank NM_001008394.1).它们定位于染色体19q13.2,EID3含1个外显子.通过RT-PCR分析发现,EID3基因在43例大肠癌传代细胞株中,39例阳性,阳性率为90.7%.在正常组织中,除睾丸组织外不表达或有极低水平转录.[结论]EID3 mRNA表达检测用于诊断大肠癌,可能具有高特异性和高敏感性的特点.EID3蛋白被首次发现在大肠癌病人中能够诱导机体的抗体免疫应答,为一个新的大肠癌相关性抗原分子.其功能可能与抑制细胞的恶性增殖相关,并可进一步研究其用于治疗和诊断大肠癌的可行性. 相似文献