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1.
“Countability not answerability?” Accountability in Hong Kong and Singapore universities 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Singapore and Hong Kong are vying to be the principal educational hub for the Asia-Pacific region and have begun to compete with Australia, Britain, Canada and the USA in providing cross-border education. Although these four Anglo-American countries still dominate cross-border education, Singapore and Hong Kong hope to make inroads into this export market and compete on the global stage. To create “world-class” universities, Singapore and Hong Kong have introduced quality assurance mechanisms, diversified funding sources, and restructured their university governance systems. This article compares the accountability measures introduced into Hong Kong and Singapore universities, and the responses of academics and administrators to these measures. The results indicate that both countries introduced greater autonomy as they augmented accountability for their universities, and the term “decentralised centralism” describes the kind of government control exerted in these Asian universities in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
2.
Sociological institutional theory views universities as model driven organizations. The world’s stratification system promotes
conformity, imitation and isomorphism towards the “best” university models. Accordingly, academic roles may be locally shaped
in minor ways, but are defined and measured explicitly in global terms. We test this proposition using data on the allocation
of working time between academic tasks at research universities in thirteen countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada,
China, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Malaysia, Norway, UK, and the USA. We find that working time patterns differ significantly
across countries, suggesting that conditions of academic work remain heavily dependent on national higher education traditions.
Faculty members holding the highest professorial rank share more in common, with generally stronger interests in research
and a greater time dedication to research over teaching. However, in countries with comparably steep academic hierarchies,
professor positions typically entail significantly fewer teaching hours and more administration. 相似文献
3.
Ingrid Moses 《Higher Education》1986,15(1-2):135-149
Research studies conducted in the USA, Britain, Australia and New Zealand which examine academic staff's attitude to the promotion procedures in their institutions have all found dissatisfaction with existing promotion practices. In particular academics are reported to be dissatisfied with the undervaluing of teaching excellence in promotion decisions.This paper discusses studies of job satisfaction and staff motivation as background to an interview study at an Australian university. Data concerning promotion issues from interviews with 104 academic staff members are presented and discussed.Interviewed staff at that university see their institution as actively encouraging research through rewards and incentives. But they perceive the university as paying only lip-service to teaching by requiring documentation of teaching performance without rewarding good performance adequately. Many also perceive the university as interested more in publications than in scholarship and some adjust their activities accordingly. 相似文献
4.
完善符合职业教育特点的教师资格标准已成为当前我国职业教育领域师资建设的一项重要课题。在保证职业教育教师质量方面,法国、英国、美国、澳大利亚和德国在对职业教育教师任职资格方面的规定,可以对完善符合我国职业教育特点的教师资格标准有所借鉴。 相似文献
5.
Ian Hardy Peter Grootenboer Laurette Bristol 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(7):925-945
In this article, we utilise recent theorising on praxis and educational development to explore how academics in universities can foster public, institutional and more personal development, even as they are challenged by what are sometimes described as more ‘managerial’ and ‘neoliberal’ conditions. The research draws upon a variety of sources of data, including publicly available correspondence on the university sector in Australia, interviews with colleagues, and personal reflective journals. These data reflect three instances of educational praxis development in the Australian university context, and at three scales/levels: nationally; unit-wide (university/faculty/institute); and sub-unit/individually. The findings reveal such development in the form of: academics using mainstream media to inform the general public about the nature of university industrial relations and funding at a national level; junior and senior academics collaborating and engaging in mentoring practices to build institutional research capacity at a university/institutional level; and, individual academics meeting to develop individual teaching practice. Through explicating the characteristics and value of educational development for and as praxis, we provide resources for hope for better understanding how the work of universities, including their broader mission to inform the public, might be enacted more educationally. 相似文献
6.
与美国相比,院校研究在英国的发展是迟缓的。从历史渊源来看,英国早期的"院校研究"活动包括"校史研究"和"政府报告"。但其"真正意义上"的院校研究起源于英国政府决定推行高等教育大众化的政策过程(1963—1987)。在此期间,院校研究主要是促进"教育平等"的政策研究和大学内部教学法改进研究。20世纪80年代后期,英国政府与大学之间的关系发生了重大变化,"质量评估运动"和"问责"促成了院校研究在英国高校内部地位的确立。院校研究的旨趣也从关注"平等"转向"质量"。院校研究在英国发展的历程和经验,对于其他欧洲国家甚至对中国院校研究的推进,都具有启发和借鉴意义。 相似文献
7.
Justin J. W. Powell Lukas Graf Nadine Bernhard Laurence Coutrot Annick Kieffer 《European Journal of Education》2012,47(3):405-423
In Europe, the Bologna and Copenhagen Processes in higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET) are on the agenda, aiming to create a European educational area. Acknowledging important differences between countries, we compare the evolving relationship between HE and VET. We ask whether and how these two distinct organisational fields in France and Germany have changed in recent decades. Comparing institutional shifts, the article analyses whether long-standing differences in postsecondary education and training systems and the education/economy nexus in these two countries have remained stable. We argue that these countries’ skill formation systems have begun to converge, departing from their original institutionalisation paths. Thus, while the traditional typologies that contrast France and Germany have served as useful heuristic devices, they require revision to adequately represent incremental institutional change in these skill formation systems resulting from endogenous reforms and exogenous pressures due to Europeanisation. 相似文献
8.
The number of university–industry R&D partnerships (UIPs) has increased significantly over the past decade, in most OECD countries and in Australia, yet the study of risk in such commercially focused collaborative ventures is still a developing area. This review paper seeks to contribute to debate on this increasingly important phenomenon by addressing three key areas of risks for universities in entering such collaborations. The commercialization of research findings presents particular risks to universities, most notably the possibility of financial loss, which has a greater impact than for companies in cross‐sector collaborations. Another major type of risk faced by universities is relational risk, and this can significantly alter the trust dynamics that underpin research and innovation. There are also institutional risks to universities and their research staff engaged in commercializable R&D and, ultimately, to their reputation as a neutral source of expertise. It is argued there is a need for universities in Australia to develop comprehensive policies to manage the risks of commercialization and R&D collaboration with industry partners. 相似文献
9.
《Higher Education Policy》1997,10(1):81-91
Previously, psychology has not been recognized as bearing on the educational, managerial and health issues that often characterize developing countries. Recently however, the Departments of Psychology at the University of Newcastle (Australia) and the National University of Malawi have used the Internet to conduct joint research on applied issues such as expatriate-host national pay inequities, ambivalence towards workplace achievement, and psychological influences on charitable behaviour. This tertiary collaboration has produced practical recommendations concerning community development, stress management, and poverty reduction, each of which may in turn inform higher education policy. Since these recommendations apply both in Malawi and in Australia, the Internet is functioning as a two-way bridge between the two universities and their respective countries. In addition to development through university cooperation, such cross-fertilization is also generating theoretical developments within the academic discipline of psychology itself. 相似文献
10.
Christine Asmar 《International Journal for Academic Development》2013,18(1):18-30
Challenges confronting those who seek to bring about change within large organizations include the need to engage with the values and beliefs held by those involved. In universities with academic cultures that have traditionally lauded and rewarded disciplinary research, attempts to enhance the status and effectiveness of teaching and learning practices must take account of the ongoing power of the research culture. In Australia and elsewhere, prestigious research-extensive 1 universities are now seriously committed to improving the educational experience of student learners from their first year on campus. The focus on teaching and learning is buttressed by another aspect of cultural change - one which values the scholarship of teaching alongside traditional disciplinary research. To the need to re-emphasize teaching, and the need to value that teaching as a scholarly, research-based activity is added a third dimension of change - a focus on the student rather than the teacher. This paper will utilize Fullan's (1991) model for educational change in outlining strategies for change within a large research-extensive university in Australia. While it is too early to ascertain whether those strategies have effectively enhanced student learning, indications are that the strategies have had an impact on the beliefs, behaviour and teaching practice of academic staff. It is suggested that the culture of a university can and will shift given the right conditions for institutional change. 相似文献
11.
德、澳、美、日四国职业教育模式经验与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
德国双元制职业教育模式、澳大利亚TAFE模式、美国学校-工作多途径模式和日本综合高中模式是发达国家具有特色的职业教育发展模式。借鉴这些国家职业教育发展经验,我国应进一步构建职业教育与其他各类教育相衔接的立体化职教体系,推动多元化的办学机制,建设高素质的职业教育师资队伍,加强多途径的校企合作,推进我国职业教育改革发展进程。 相似文献
12.
科学管理并合理使用科研经费以及科研成果产业化是高校面临的重要课题。澳大利亚促进科研投入的立法和措施完备,科研管理及绩效评估成熟;澳大利亚国立大学是世界一流的研究型大学,科研管理工作严谨有序,科研成果产业化有效开展。我国高校对其进行借鉴,通过完善制度体系、开展从业教育、健全机构设置等,加强对科研经费的管理并促进科研成果产业化。 相似文献
13.
近代中国大学的发展与名校长的办学理念紧密相关,民国时期中国大学精神达到了一个高峰,他们的教育理念对于大学核心价值观的形成具有巨大的作用,他们的教育理念,值得当代高等学校借鉴。 相似文献
14.
Svetlana Shenderova 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2018,40(6):611-628
ABSTRACTEU-Russia higher education cooperation has continued despite global tensions including Crimea incorporation. One example of this cooperation is the development of Finnish-Russian double degree programmes.This paper focuses on institutional environments where double degrees develop and asks how and why they produce uncertainty from inside Finnish and Russian universities in the period of this unfavourable political situation. The matryoshka model is applied to understand the institutional environment of a university and the institutions around it. The institutional nature of a double degree is determined by comparative analysis of how internal university stakeholders in Finland and Russia perceive a programme’s benchmarks.The study is based on the analysis of interviews conducted in partner universities. This paper discusses how perceptions of double degrees influence uncertainty in programme provision within and between institutional environments in Finnish and Russian universities. In addition, the level of institutionalisation of the double degrees may be evaluated. 相似文献
15.
University Leaders’ Strategies in the Global Environment: A Comparative Study of Universitas Indonesia and the Australian National University 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In a global environment in which global, national and local nodes relate freely within common networks, all research universities
must pursue strategies for building global capacity and facilitating cross-border staff and student movement and research
collaboration. The study compares readings of the global environment, global and international activities and relationships,
and global capacity and strategy, in two leading national universities, one in a middle level developing country (Indonesia)
and the other in a middle level developed country (Australia). The main tool of investigation was interviews with parallel
groups of institutional leaders and leaders of academic units and research centres, in conjunction with study of the national
and local contexts. It was apparent that in both cases, while global elements are increasingly important in university strategy,
mission and identity, resource capacity remains highly dependant on national government and students. This belies the romantic
myth of the ‘stand-alone’ corporate university in the global marketplace. The two cases also differ in some respects. While
both universities are peak national institutions, and each respects the other, the Australian university is more strongly
placed in the global environment and practical dealings between them are asymmetrical. The study helps to illuminate the dynamics
of global stratification and hierarchy between developed and developing nations and institutions in higher education. 相似文献
16.
In research universities, research time is often too scarce to satiate the wishes of all faculty and must be allocated according to guidelines and principles. We examine self-reported research hours for full-time faculty at research universities in 13 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Norway, UK, USA, and Hong Kong, a semi-autonomous special administrative region of China). We examine the level of variation in individual faculty research time and the factors associated with individual differences, including differences in: (a) university policy regarding the allocation of working time for research between individual faculty members, (b) individual motivation towards research, and (c) family commitments. Our results suggest that the factors associated with additional research time vary across countries, but individual motivation towards research (relative to teaching) is a significant in all countries. University policies towards research and the research status of individual faculty, are relatively weak predictors of individual research time, though stronger effects are generally found in English-speaking countries. Research hours typically decrease with age, but plateau or increase in the oldest cohorts. Family and gender are weak predictors of research time amongst full-time faculty. 相似文献
17.
中美英三国政府资助大学科研方式的比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
郭德侠 《清华大学教育研究》2010,31(3)
英美等发达国家都将大学系统作为国家科技财政投入的热点部门,而我国政府对大学的科研投入相对来说较为不足.文章从资助主体和资助方式两个方面,对中美英三国政府对大学科研的资助进行了比较,以期取得我们可以借鉴的经验. 相似文献
18.
Geoffrey Walford 《Compare》2011,41(3):401-413
There has been a growing amount of research on low‐fee private schools in less economically developed countries, but much less on low‐fee private schools in developed countries. Yet, low‐fee private schools have also been a recent feature of the educational landscape in countries such as Canada, the USA, Australia and Great Britain. This paper draws together some of my previously published work on such schools in England and considers the similarities between low‐fee private schools in developed and less economically developed countries. In particular, it examines sponsors' motivations for starting such schools and the motivations of parents for using such schools for their children. 相似文献
19.
作为最主要的两个西方国家,英美两国所引导的公共教育私有化运动已经成为21世纪教育发展的一个新潮流。英关两国公共教育私有化的理论背景是让政府适当地从教育领域退出来,交由私人组织去经营,但实施起来,英美两国却采取了不同的政策。英国采取了由上而下的四方面政策：竞争投标、公私合营、私人启动金和接管。而美国则由下而上地推广教育私有化进程,并相比于英国更为顺利,但两国同时也暴露出一些深层次的问题。 相似文献
20.
发达国家职业教育的模式及其启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
邱远 《九江职业技术学院学报》2008,(3):5-7
职业教育在整个社会发展中起着至关重要的作用,对此,我国职业教育的发展急需突破“模式”瓶颈,迈步健康和可持续发展之路。美国CBE模式、德国“双元制”、澳大利亚TAFE模式、英国GNVQ是发达国家职业教育发展典型的先进模式,其内涵具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献