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德里达解构主义评析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汤建龙 《科学技术与辩证法》2003,20(5):30-33
德里达的解构主义旨在对西方形而上学的传统进行彻底的颠覆。他以其解构主义的“分延”、“痕迹”、“增补逻辑”等“新概念”为工具 ,运用“自毁原则” ,对西方传统哲学的“逻各斯中心主义”的“在场的形而上学”以及其典型代表“言语中心主义”进行了彻底的解构 ,从而颠覆了西方形而上学的大厦。文章以此为逻辑视线 ,对其解构主义进行了解读 ,并初步指出了它的贡献所在和不足之处 相似文献
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西方人文思潮深刻影响了逻辑经验主义有关反形而上学、统一科学和科学世界概念的理论与实践。对逻辑经验主义人文语境的历史反思表明,科学哲学与人文文化的积极互动能为科学哲学的发展增添更多动力。 相似文献
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亥姆霍兹的哲学思想经历了从拥护康德的认识论和形而上学逐步走向经验主义而强烈反对形而上学的过程。受到康德的影响,他最初把物质和力视为本体论意义上的实体并且认为能够从形而上学上加以证明,后来在法拉第等英国物理学家、费希特行动哲学以及其他因素影响下,逐渐踏上了反形而上学的道路,并发展出一种经验主义认识论。 相似文献
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毕富生 《科学技术与辩证法》2010,27(3):25-30
在逻辑与哲学的研究中,弗雷格具有独特的求真方法,弗雷格认为,思想是某种对此能够产生真的问题的东西,逻辑研究的出发点是具有真值的思想。围绕这一宗旨,弗雷格构造了一种形式语言,即概念文字,以此来求真,他在建立了形式语言的基础上,完成了演算系统的构成,以此来研究真。在此基础上,弗雷格通过研究句子来研究真。在求真中弗雷格坚持了客观性,语境论及概念和对象区分的三个原则。弗雷格真之思想对于后人逻辑研究方式的转变,当今哲学研究方式的转变以及今后中国传统思维的转变都具有一定的意义。 相似文献
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阐述了逻辑经验主义产生的背景、演进过程和主要内容。逻辑经验主义是以实证主义为基础、以逻辑分析为主要方法、拒斥形而上学的科学哲学。重点论述了以经验证实原则为科学依据的因果律和知识基础问题,即真理验证标准——真理符合论与真理贯融论、并分析其科学性和局限性。 相似文献
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在回应结构实在论对建构经验主义的挑战中,范弗拉森提出了结构经验主义的思想。按照范弗拉森,任一对象的内部元素都可以被赋予无数种合理的组合结构,结构实在论者要把那些本质的结构纳入研究视野,但却没有给出这种本质与非本质区分的合理根据。结构经验主义强调,具体语境决定了经验上恰当的组合结构。尽管结构经验主义理论还有许多困难,但还是丰富和完善了范弗拉森早期的建构经验主义。 相似文献
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概述了现代经验主义关于经验科学的观点的形成,发展和争论。集中讨论了陈述的意义,经验主义的意义标准,实在问题,形而上学的划分等诸多方面。 相似文献
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施展旦 《科学技术与辩证法》2005,22(2):47-50
后期波普尔更多地关注知识进步中的形而上学问题 ,从而区别于其前期思想。结合波普尔对逻辑经验主义的批判以及理性主义的发展背景 ,研究和分析波普尔思想中的这一转向 ,对于更好地认识西方科学哲学的发展将不无裨益。 相似文献
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胡瑞娜 《科学技术与辩证法》2004,21(6):56-59
在 2 0世纪语言哲学和分析哲学的发展中 ,作为反实在论之先驱的弗雷格 ,其哲学及其逻辑学占有特殊重要的地位。一方面 ,弗雷格早期的现代逻辑思想影响了 2 0世纪的反实在论者们 ,直接促成了逻辑—语形分析方法的形成 ,从而使这一方法成为他们构造、阐释和评价科学理论的重要手段 ;另一方面 ,其后期的语义学思想在很大程度上也影响了整个 2 0世纪的反实在论甚至整个科学哲学领域。因此 ,对弗雷格的语义学进行系统的考察 ,对于理解和把握 2 0世纪反实在论的发展和演变具有极其重要的意义。 相似文献
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首先用融合径向与非径向距离函数特征的EBM方法测度了环境约束下长江经济带9省2市的工业能源环境效率,借助效率核密度图和技术分解分析了效率随时间的演变趋势和空间差异；继而利用泰尔熵量化区域工业能源环境效率的总体差距,并将其分解结果运用于地区差异的成因识别中。研究结果显示：长江经济带工业能源环境效率普遍偏低,在经历短暂的上升期后,近年来持续走低,规模效率下降是主要原因；研究期内区域工业能源环境效率的总体差距逐渐缩小,区域间差距仍为驱动总体差距的主导因素,缩小上游区域内差距显得尤为重要。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2022,59(6):103103
Representation learning has recently been used to remove sensitive information from data and improve the fairness of machine learning algorithms in social applications. However, previous works that used neural networks are opaque and poorly interpretable, as it is difficult to intuitively determine the independence between representations and sensitive information. The internal correlation among data features has not been fully discussed, and it may be the key to improving the interpretability of neural networks. A novel fair representation algorithm referred to as FRC is proposed from this conjecture. It indicates how representations independent of multiple sensitive attributes can be learned by applying specific correlation constraints on representation dimensions. Specifically, dimensions of the representation and sensitive attributes are treated as statistical variables. The representation variables are divided into two parts related to and unrelated to the sensitive variables by adjusting their absolute correlation coefficient with sensitive variables. The potential impact of sensitive information on representations is concentrated in the related part. The unrelated part of the representation can be used in downstream tasks to yield fair results. FRC takes the correlation between dimensions as the key to solving the problem of fair representation. Empirical results show that our representations enhance the ability of neural networks to show fairness and achieve better fairness-accuracy tradeoffs than state-of-the-art works. 相似文献
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民用雷达产品应用广泛,“十二五”政策支持力度大,市场需求旺盛,四创电子享有“中国雷达第一股”的盛誉,但与国内外先进企业仍存在一定差距。本文简要介绍了公司民用雷达发展现状,与竞争对手的优劣势比较,通过借鉴国际先进企业的发展经验,通过运营创新、资本运作、能力建设三方面进行战略规划,促进公司民用雷达产业继续壮大,提高市场竞争力和行业影响力。 相似文献
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How to merge and organise query results retrieved from different resources is one of the key issues in distributed information retrieval. Some previous research and experiments suggest that cluster-based document browsing is more effective than a single merged list. Cluster-based retrieval results presentation is based on the cluster hypothesis, which states that documents that cluster together have a similar relevance to a given query. However, while this hypothesis has been demonstrated to hold in classical information retrieval environments, it has never been fully tested in heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environments. Heterogeneous document representations, the presence of document duplicates, and disparate qualities of retrieval results, are major features of an heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environment that might disrupt the effectiveness of the cluster hypothesis. In this paper we report on an experimental investigation into the validity and effectiveness of the cluster hypothesis in highly heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environments. The results show that although clustering is affected by different retrieval results representations and quality, the cluster hypothesis still holds and that generating hierarchical clusters in highly heterogeneous distributed information retrieval environments is still a very effective way of presenting retrieval results to users. 相似文献
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我国职业教育已经形成了一定的规模,特别是艺术设计类专业,很多教师在艺术设计教育教学改革与研究中,做了很大的贡献,促进了高职艺术设计教育的发展。但很多院校在学生考核和评价方式方面仍不很完善,在一定程度上阻碍了高职艺术设计教育改革的深入发展。本文通过分析传统考核模式,探索适合高职艺术设计类课程教学的考核办法。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2023,60(4):103336
The literature has not fully and adequately explained why contextual (e.g., BERT-based) representations are so successful to improve the effectiveness of some Natural Language Processing tasks, especially Automatic Text Classifications (ATC). In this article, we evince that such representations, when properly tuned to a target domain, produce an extremely separable space that makes the classification task very effective, independently of the classifier employed for solving the ATC task. To demonstrate our hypothesis, we perform a thorough class separability analysis in order to visualize and measure how well BERT-based embeddings separate documents of different classes in comparison with other widely used representation approaches, e.g., TFIDF BoW, static embeddings (e.g., fastText) and zero-shot (non-tuned) contextual embeddings. We also analyze separability in the context of transfer learning and compare BERT-based representations with those obtained from other transformers (e.g., RoBERTa, XLNET). Our experiments covering sixteen datasets in topic and sentiment classification, eight classification methods and three class separability metrics show that the fine-tuned BERT embeddings are highly separable in the corresponding space (e.g., they are 67% more separable than the static embeddings). As a consequence, they allow the simplest classifiers to achieve similar effectiveness as the most complex methods. We also find moderate to high correlations between separability and effectiveness in all experimented scenarios. Overall, our main finding is that more discriminative (i.e., separable) textual representations constitute a critical part of the ATC solutions that, given the current state-of-the-art in classification algorithms, are more prominent than the algorithmic (classifier) method for solving the task. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2020,57(4):102249
In recent years, most content-based spam filters have been implemented using Machine Learning (ML) approaches by means of token-based representations of textual contents. After introducing multiple performance enhancements, the impact has been virtually irrelevant. Recent studies have introduced synset-based content representations as a reliable way to improve classification, as well as different forms to take advantage of semantic information to address problems, such as dimensionality reduction.These preliminary solutions present some limitations and enforce simplifications that must be gradually redefined in order to obtain significant improvements in spam content filtering. This study addresses the problem of feature reduction by introducing a new semantic-based proposal (SDRS) that avoids losing knowledge (lossless). Synset-features can be semantically grouped by taking advantage of taxonomic relations (mainly hypernyms) provided by BabelNet ontological dictionary (e.g. “Viagra” and “Cialis” can be summarized into the single features “anti-impotence drug”, “drug” or “chemical substance” depending on the generalization of 1, 2 or 3 levels).In order to decide how many levels should be used to generalize each synset of a dataset, our proposal takes advantage of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) and particularly, of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). We have compared the performance achieved by a Naïve Bayes classifier, using both token-based and synset-based dataset representations, with and without executing dimensional reductions. As a result, our lossless semantic reduction strategy was able to find optimal semantic-based feature grouping strategies for the input texts, leading to a better performance of Naïve Bayes classifiers. 相似文献
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"Of the Boy and Butterfly" by John Bunyan tells that a boy, greatly attracted by the beautiful colors of a butterfly, got rid of any difficulties he met to catch it, but when finally he got it, he didn't get the pleasure he expected, but felt lost as soon as won. Like the beardless boy, our adults always run after some empty toys, even at all hazards, but when we get them, we find they are but painted nothings and false joys.But we should not be sad, in fact the process of running after is more enjoyable and valuable than the final result, let's enjoy it! 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2021,50(10):104349
This paper offers insights on how digital artefacts foster coordination of individuals in distributed innovation projects by limiting the divergence of team members’ representations of the project. This role is particularly important when coordination mechanisms such as leadership and modularity show some limits. Using distributed innovation in open-source software as a setting, we develop and test the hypotheses that (1) the release of initial code in open-source software projects limits the divergence of team members’ representations and (2) limiting divergence of team members’ representations triggered by initial code release implies a higher probability of project survival, a non-trivial goal in such a setting. To test our hypotheses, we draw on a dataset of 5,703 open-source software projects registered on SourceForge.net. Both our hypotheses are supported, pointing towards fruitful directions for expanding research on the way distributed innovation processes are carried out when digital artefacts are involved. 相似文献