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This paper presents an approach to measuring business sentiment based on textual data. Business sentiment has been measured by traditional surveys, which are costly and time-consuming to conduct. To address the issues, we take advantage of daily newspaper articles and adopt a self-attention-based model to define a business sentiment index, named S-APIR, where outlier detection models are investigated to properly handle various genres of news articles. Moreover, we propose a simple approach to temporally analyzing how much any given event contributed to the predicted business sentiment index. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach, an extensive analysis is carried out on 12 years’ worth of newspaper articles. The analysis shows that the S-APIR index is strongly and positively correlated with established survey-based index (up to correlation coefficient r=0.937) and that the outlier detection is effective especially for a general newspaper. Also, S-APIR is compared with a variety of economic indices, revealing the properties of S-APIR that it reflects the trend of the macroeconomy as well as the economic outlook and sentiment of economic agents. Moreover, to illustrate how S-APIR could benefit economists and policymakers, several events are analyzed with respect to their impacts on business sentiment over time.  相似文献   

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This paper formulates the pose (attitude and position) estimation problem as nonlinear stochastic filter kinematics evolved directly on the Special Euclidean Group 3 (SE(3)). This work proposes an alternate way of potential function selection and handles the problem as a stochastic filtering problem. The problem is mapped from SE(3) to vector form, using the Rodriguez vector and the position vector, and then followed by the definition of the pose problem in the sense of Stratonovich. The proposed filter guarantees that the errors present in position and Rodriguez vector estimates are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in mean square, and that they converge to small neighborhood of the origin in probability. Simulation results show the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed filter in presence of high levels of noise and bias associated with the velocity vector as well as body-frame measurements.  相似文献   

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